Arginine vasopressin during sinus rhythm: Effects on haemodynamic variables, left anterior descending coronary artery cross sectional area and cardiac index, before and after inhibition of NO-synthase, in pigs

Abstract A subset of long-duration spaceflight astronauts have experienced ophthalmic abnormalities, collectively termed spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). Little is understood about the pathophysiology of SANS; however, microgravity-induced alterations in intracranial pressure (ICP) due to headward fluid shifts is the primary hypothesized contributor. In particular, potential changes in optic nerve (ON) tortuosity and ON sheath (ONS) distension may indicate altered cerebrospinal fluid dynamics during weightlessness. The present longitudinal study aims to provide a quantitative analysis of ON and ONS cross-sectional areas, and ON deviation, an indication of tortuosity, before and after spaceflight. Ten astronauts undergoing ~6-month missions on the International Space Station (ISS) underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) preflight and at five recovery time points extending to 1 year after return from the ISS. The mean changes in ON deviation, ON cross-sectional area, and ONS cross-sectional area immediately post flight were −0.14 mm (95% CI: −0.36 to 0.08, Bonferroni-adjusted P = 1.00), 0.13 mm2 (95% CI −0.66 to 0.91, Bonferroni-adjusted P = 1.00), and −0.22 mm2 (95% CI: −1.78 to 1.34, Bonferroni-adjusted P = 1.00), respectively, and remained consistent during the recovery period. Terrestrially, ONS distension is associated with increased ICP; therefore, these results suggest that, on average, ICP was not pathologically elevated immediately after spaceflight. However, a subject diagnosed with optic disc edema (Frisen Grade 1, right eye) displayed increased ONS area post flight, although this increase is relatively small compared to clinical populations with increased ICP. Advanced quantitative MRI-based assessment of the ON and ONS could help our understanding of SANS and the role of ICP.

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Pulmonary Vessel Cross-sectional Area before and after Liver Transplantation

Academic Radiology ◽

10.1016/j.acra.2015.01.018 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 752-759

Author(s):

Hilary M. DuBrock ◽

Alexander A. Bankier ◽

Mario Silva ◽

Diana E. Litmanovich ◽

Michael P. Curry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplantation ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pulmonary Vessel ◽

Before And After

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Infraspinatus Cross-Sectional Area and Shoulder Range of Motion Change Following Live-Game Baseball Pitching

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2017-0158 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 236-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Brett S. Pexa ◽

Eric D. Ryan ◽

Elizabeth E. Hibberd ◽

Elizabeth Teel ◽

Terri Jo Rucinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Range Of Motion ◽

Athletic Training ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

External Rotation ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽

Posterior Shoulder ◽

Before And After

Context: Following a baseball pitching bout, changes can occur to glenohumeral range of motion that could be linked to injury. These effects are in part due to the posterior shoulder’s eccentric muscle activity, which can disrupt muscle contractile elements and lead to changes in muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), as measured by ultrasound. Objective: To assess changes in muscle CSA, and range of motion immediately before and after pitching, and days 1 to 5 following pitching. Design: Repeated measures. Setting: Satellite athletic training room. Patients: Ten elite college baseball pitchers participating in the fall season (age: 18.8 [1.2] y, height: 189.2 [7.3] cm, mass: 93.1 [15.3] kg, 8 starters, 2 long relievers). Intervention: A pitching bout of at least 25 pitches (63.82 [17.42] pitches). Main Outcome Measures: Dominant and nondominant infraspinatus CSA, as measured by ultrasound, and glenohumeral range of motion including internal rotation (IRROM), external rotation (ERROM), and total rotation range of motion (TROM) before pitching, after pitching, and days 1 to 5 following the pitching bout. Results: Dominant limb CSA significantly increased day 1 after pitching, and returned to baseline on day 2 (P < .001). Dominant and nondominant TROM did not change until day 5 (4.4°, P < .001) and day 3 (4.5°, P < .001), respectively, where they increased. Dominant IRROM was significantly decreased for 3 days (day 1: 1.9°, P < .001; day 2: 3.1°, P < .001; day 3: 0.3°, P < .001) following pitching and returned to baseline on day 4, with no such changes in the nondominant limb. Dominant external rotation significantly increased immediately post pitching (4.4°, P < .001) but returned to baseline by day 1. Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrate that infraspinatus CSA does not recover until 2 days following pitching, and IRROM does not recover until 4 days following pitching. Baseball pitching elicits damage to the posterior shoulder muscle architecture, resulting in changes to physical characteristics that last up to 4 days following pitching.

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Effect of endurance training on coronary artery size and function in healthy men: an invasive followup study

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00977.2001 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 282 (6) ◽

pp. H2216-H2223 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Stephan Windecker ◽

Yves Allemann ◽

Michael Billinger ◽

Tilmann Pohl ◽

Damian Hutter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Coronary Flow ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Coronary Flow Velocity

In eight healthy male volunteers (cardiologists; age 36 ± 5 yr), bicycle spiroergometry, Doppler echocardiography, and quantitative coronary angiography with intracoronary Doppler measurements before and after completion of a physical endurance exercise program of >5 mo duration were performed. Maximum oxygen uptake increased from 46 ± 6 to 54 ± 5 ml · kg−1 · min−1( P = 0.04), maximum ergometric workload changed from 3.8 ± 0.3 to 4.4 ± 0.3 W/kg ( P = 0.001), and left ventricular mass index increased from 82 ± 18 to 108 ± 29 g/m2 ( P = 0.001). The right, left main, and left anterior descending coronary artery cross-sectional area increased significantly in repsonse to exercise. Before versus at the end of the exercise program, flow-induced left anterior descending coronary artery cross-sectional area was 10.1 ± 3.5 and 11.0 ± 3.9 mm2, respectively ( P = 0.03), nitroglycerin-induced left coronary calibers increased significantly, and coronary flow velocity reserve changed from 3.8 ± 0.8 to 4.5 ± 0.7 ( P = 0.001). Left coronary artery correlated significantly with ventricular mass and maximum oxygen uptake, and coronary flow velocity reserve was significantly associated with maximum workload.

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Influence of left ventricular mass on coronary artery cross-sectional area

The American Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/0002-9149(87)90927-1 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 59 (15) ◽

pp. 1395-1397 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

James H. O'keefe ◽

Robert M. Owen ◽

Alfred A. Bove

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Left Ventricular Mass ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ventricular Mass

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Influence of malformation of right coronary artery originating from the left sinus on the hemodynamic environment

10.21203/rs.2.22271/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mengyang Cong ◽

Xingming Xu ◽

Jianfeng Qiu ◽

Shun Dai ◽

Chuanzhi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Arteries ◽

Right Coronary Artery ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Element Model ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cross ◽

The Right

Abstract Background: The Anomalous origin of the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) from the Left Coronary artery sinus(AORL) is one of the abnormal origins of the coronary arteries. Most of these issues seldom have effects on human health, but some individuals may have symptoms such as myocardial ischaemia or even sudden death. Recently, researchers are studying AORL through clinical cases, but study based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is rarely seen. In this study, haemodynamic changes between normal origin of the RCA and AORL are compared according to numerical simulation results.Methods: Realistic three-dimensional models of 16 normal right coronary arteries and 26 abnormal origins of the right coronary arteries were reconstructed, respectively. The blood flow was numerically simulated using software ANSYS. This study involves one-way fluid-solid coupling finite element model in which the blood is assumed to be incompressible Newtonian fluid, and the vessel is assumed to be isotropic, linear elastic material.Results: The differences of the cross-sectional area at the inlet between the normal group and the abnormal group was significant ( P <0.0001). There were significant differences in the volumetric flow ( P <0.0001) and the pressure ( P =0.0001). There were positive correlations with the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the RCA to the inlet area of the ascending aorta (AAO) and the ratio of the inlet volumetric flow of the RCA to the volumetric flow of the AAO, in both the normal ( P =0.0001, r=0.8198) and abnormal ( P =0.0199, r=0.4925) group.Conclusion: This study shows that the cross-sectional area of the inlet of AORL may cause ischaemia symptoms, and the results may contribute to the further understanding of the clinical symptoms of AORL based on the haemodynamics.

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