scholarly journals Occupation, socioeconomic status and chronic obstructive respiratory diseases – the EpiLung Study in Finland, Estonia and Sweden

2021 ◽  
pp. 106403
Author(s):  
Juuso Jalasto ◽  
Paul Lassmann-Klee ◽  
Christian Schyllert ◽  
Ritva Luukkonen ◽  
Mari Meren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Tool: A Promising Tool for Therapeutic Applications on Respiratory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-346
Author(s):  
Sadiya Bi Shaikh ◽  
Yashodhar Prabhakar Bhandary
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Promising Tool

Respiratory diseases are one of the prime topics of concern in the current era due to improper diagnostics tools. Gene-editing therapy, like Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats- associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), is gaining popularity in pulmonary research, opening up doors to invaluable insights on underlying mechanisms. CRISPR/Cas9 can be considered as a potential gene-editing tool with a scientific community that is helping in the advancement of knowledge in respiratory health and therapy. As an appealing therapeutic tool, we hereby explore the advanced research on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 tools in chronic respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cystic fibrosis (CF). We also address the urgent need to establish this gene-editing tool in various other lung diseases such as asthma, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The present review introduces CRISPR/Cas9 as a worthy application in targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrinolytic system via editing specific genes. Thereby, based on the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9, it can be considered as a promising therapeutic tool in respiratory health research.

Interleukin-17A: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Chronic Lung Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 921-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadiya Bi Shaikh ◽  
Ashwini Prabhu ◽  
Yashodhar Prabhakar Bhandary
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Interleukin 17A ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has gained a lot of attention because of its involvement in respiratory diseases. Interleukin-17 cytokine family includes six members, out of which, IL-17A participates towards the immune responses in allergy and inflammation. It also modulates the progression of respiratory disorders. Objective: The present review is an insight into the involvement and contributions of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A in chronic respiratory diseases like Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Distress (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, obliterative bronchiolitis, lung cancer and many others. Conclusion: IL-17A is a major regulator of inflammatory responses. In all the mentioned diseases, IL- 17A plays a prime role in inducing the diseases, whereas the lack of this pro-inflammatory cytokine reduces the severity of respective respiratory diseases. Thereby, this review suggests IL-17A as an instrumental target in chronic respiratory diseases.

Hazards for Construction Workers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin H. West ◽  
Laura S. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This chapter describes the hazards for construction workers, with a particular focus on injuries as well as exposures to hazardous chemicals and dusts. A section describes hazardous exposures to lead and other heavy metals. Another section describes noise exposure. The impact of musculoskeletal disorders among construction workers is then discussed. A section on respiratory diseases focuses on asbestosis, silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. Exposures known to cause dermatitis and cancer are reviewed. There is a discussion of engineered nanomaterials as a potential emerging hazard. Various approaches to prevention and control, including regulations and health services, are described.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Model to Classify Patients with Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Martinho ◽  
Alberto Freitas ◽  
Ana Sá-Sousa ◽  
Ana Vieira ◽  
Jorge Meira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive

scholarly journals Hospitalisation for COPD in Puglia: the role of hospital discharge database to estimate prevalence and incidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Trerotoli ◽  
N. Bartolomeo ◽  
A.M. Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Discharge Database ◽  
Discharge Database

Background and aim. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), although largely preventable, is a great health burden in all the countries worldwide. Statistics of morbidity and mortality of COPD show the need for correct management of the disease. Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Diseases (DRG 88) are in 9th place for discharge in in-patient hospital admission. It is necessary to establish specific indicators which are efficacious and relevant for the patient, the doctor and the health manager. This study will analyse the information in respect of hospital admissions (Hospital discharge database) in Puglia for the period 2000-2005. Methods. The analysis was carried out utilising the Puglia Region hospital patient discharge database, selecting those patients with admission for chronic respiratory disease as principal or secondary diagnosis. Results. Chronic respiratory diseases are more frequent in males and in people over 45 years old with frequency increasing with age. Geographical distribution shows that there are greater rates of hospitalisation in big cities and in the neighbourhood of industrial areas. Although the trend over time is slight. A higher percentage of re-admission has been found for patients with COPD, and the interval between the two admissions occurs within one or two months; the diagnosis at the second admission is the same as for the first. 10.6% of discharge forms report one diagnosis, especially in patients older than 65 years of age. Little could be said about diagnostic procedures because these are not reported on the discharge form. Conclusion. Hospitalisation data confirms expectations regarding age and sex of patients. The high hospitalisation rates indicate that in-patients care still remains the only viable treatment for COPD and other chronic respiratory diseases. The high number of exacerbations reflect the absence of out-patients service or community care, and the same diagnosis in more than one episode shows the lack of efficiency of health services and disease management. This data is necessary to understand disease distribution and the modification of disease management in order to reduce health care costs, to increase efficacy in disease control and to limit repeated exacerbation and so to obtain the maximum benefit for the patients.

scholarly journals Chronic respiratory diseases at primary health care level in Georgia: the results of the pilot study

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Chkhaidze ◽  
T. Maglakelidze ◽  
N. Khaltaev
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Care Level ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Morbidity ◽  
Official Data

Background and aim. Millions of people suffer from chronic respiratory diseases (CRD). To address this serious global health problem WHO formed the Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major priority of GARD due to high chronic morbidity and mortality; however, there is still little prevalence data available. The prevalence of COPD in Georgia, as well as other CRD, is suspected to be high. Methods. GARD Pilot Survey (GAPS) in Georgia had been carried out by the Georgian Respiratory Association. The survey was conducted in the Sagarejo and Mtskheta districts with total population of about 70.000. All subjects provided information on asthma, bronchitis, respiratory symptoms, smoking, allergic conditions, CRD comorbidity and lifestyle via an interviewer-administered questionnaire. A total of 3,646 questionnaires were analysed. Results. It was discovered that official data concerning allergic rhinitis, TB and asthma are almost equal, but readings in relation to CRD are about five times lower according to official data of the Ministry of Health of Georgia. The data results: for allergic rhinitis - 218 in GAPS vs. 177 in the official statistics (for 100.000 population); for TB -105 in GAPS vs. 147 in the official statistics; for asthma -250 in GAPS vs. 374 in the official statistics; the data about CRD according to our survey is almost five times higher - 365 in GAPS vs. 84 in the official statistics (for 100.000 population). Conclusions. It is necessary to expand the survey to the entire country population. Country results are likely to be useful and interesting for local doctors and managers, as well as for officials.

scholarly journals The ABCs of Rhinoviruses, Wheezing, and Asthma

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (15) ◽  
pp. 7418-7426 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Gern
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Acute Exacerbations ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Viral Diagnostics

ABSTRACT Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) were discovered as common cold pathogens over 50 years ago. Recent advances in molecular viral diagnostics have led to an appreciation of their role in more-significant respiratory illnesses, including bronchiolitis in infancy, childhood pneumonia, and acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, and cystic fibrosis. Until a few years ago, only two groups of HRVs (A and B) had been recognized. However, full and partial sequencing of HRVs led to the discovery of a third species of HRV (HRV-C) that has distinct structural and biologic features. Risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms for more-severe HRV infections are being defined, and yet fundamental questions persist about mechanisms relating this common pathogen to allergic diseases and asthma. The close relationship between HRV infections and asthma suggests that antiviral treatments could have a major impact on the morbidity associated with this chronic respiratory disease.

scholarly journals Evidence for pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic respiratory diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 991-999
Author(s):  
F. M. Bickton ◽  
C. Fombe ◽  
E. Chisati ◽  
J. Rylance
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a highly effective non-pharmacological treatment for patients with chronic respiratory diseases.OBJECTIVE: To synthesise the evidence for PR practice and efficacy in sub-Saharan Africa.METHODS: We searched in PubMed and Scopus for relevant studies and scanned reference lists of relevant studies from these databases for additional studies. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included. Pre-determined data were extracted independently by two reviewers. A narrative synthesis approach was used in the interpretation of findings.RESULTS: Six studies were included, totalling 275 participants. Indications for PR were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis and post-tuberculosis lung disease. Programmes ran for 6–12 weeks, universally incorporated exercise, and variously used home-based and hospital-based delivery models. All were interventional studies, of which two were randomised controlled trials, and primarily reported pulmonary function and exercise tolerance endpoints. Evidence for individualising the exercise regimen was available in three studies.CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence on PR design and efficacy in sub-Saharan Africa, but available data support its use in a variety of chronic respiratory conditions. Future studies should report core outcome sets and their individualised exercise and education regimens.

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