scholarly journals Understanding the continuous phenological development at daily time step with a Bayesian hierarchical space-time model: impacts of climate change and extreme weather events

2020 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 111956
Author(s):  
Tong Qiu ◽  
Conghe Song ◽  
James S. Clark ◽  
Bijan Seyednasrollah ◽  
Nuvan Rathnayaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Daily Time Step ◽  
Space Time Model ◽  
Daily Time ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

scholarly journals Policy options for addressing climate change, with a focus on ecosystem based adaptation: a case study of Guyana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Lilwah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Resource Sector ◽  
Adaptation Method ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Close to ninety percent of Guyana‟s population live along a low lying coastal plain, which is below sea level and very vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. While the national government has not yet developed a comprehensive climate policy, the potential impacts of climate change is considered in several sectoral policies, much of which emphasize mitigation, with little focus on adaptation. This research examined the current priorities for adaptation by a review of the policies within the natural resource sector to identify opportunities for adaptation, especially ecosystem based adaptation. A Diagnostic Adaptation Framework (DAF) was used to help identify approaches to address a given adaptation challenge with regards to needs, measures and options. A survey questionnaire was used to support the policy reviews and identified four key vulnerabilities: coastal floods; sea level rise; drought and extreme weather events. The application of the DAF in selecting an adaptation method suggests the need for more data on drought and extreme weather events. Coastal flooding is addressed, with recognized need for more data and public awareness for ecosystem based adaptation

scholarly journals Direct and indirect health impacts of climate change on the vulnerable elderly population in East China

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-303
Author(s):  
Pelin Kinay ◽  
Andrew P. Morse ◽  
Elmer V. Villanueva ◽  
Karyn Morrissey ◽  
Philip L. Staddon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
East China ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The latest scientific advances on the impacts of climate change on the health of the elderly in East China were reviewed consulting peer-reviewed publications from 2000 to 2017. The direct impacts of climate change result from rising temperatures, heat waves, and increases in the frequency of complex extreme weather events such as windstorms, floods, and droughts. The health and social consequences of these events are far reaching, ranging from reduced labour productivity and heat-related deaths through to direct physical injury during extreme weather events, the spread of infectious diseases, and mental health effects following widespread flooding or prolonged drought. Research has indicated that climate change will have the greatest impact on vulnerable groups of people, including the elderly population. However, there is a dearth of empirical evidence, a lack of focus on vulnerable segments of the population (especially elderly), limited understanding of how health status will change in the future, and lack of acknowledgement of how different regions in China vary in terms of the consequences of climate change. The main risk in East China that climate change may exacerbate is flooding (sea level rise, coastal and riverine, flood risk). However in some regions of East China such as in the provinces of Anhui, Jiangsu, Hebei, and Shandong the biggest climate change risk is considered to be drought. Main health risks linked to climate change are evident as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases (heat stroke, exhaustion, and asthma), often caused by interactions between heat wave episodes and concurrent poor air quality.

scholarly journals Associations between Knowledge of the Causes and Perceived Impacts of Climate Change: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Medical, Public Health and Nursing Students in Universities in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianping Yang ◽  
Wenmin Liao ◽  
Chaojie Liu ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
Shuang Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Regional Universities ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

This study aimed to measure the knowledge and perceptions of medical, public health, and nursing students about climate change and its impacts, and to identify associations between the knowledge and perceptions. Data were from a nationwide cross-sectional survey of 1387 students sampled in five different regional universities in China (April–May 2017). The knowledge and perceptions of the participants were collected by self-administered questionnaires. We found that most respondents believed that climate change is generally “bad” (83%) and bad for human health (88%), while 67% believed that climate change is controllable. The vast majority of respondents acknowledged illness conditions resulting from poor air quality (95%), heat stress (93%), and extreme weather events (91%) as potential impacts of climate change. Nevertheless, only 39% recognized malnutrition as a consequence of food deprivation resulting from climate change. Around 58% of respondents could correctly identify the causes of climate change. The knowledge of the causes of climate change was not associated with the ability to recognize the health consequences of climate change. However, the knowledge of causes of climate change was a significant predictor of increased awareness of the negative impacts of climate change between the medical and nursing students, although this was not the case among their public health counterparts. Poor knowledge about the causes of climate change is evident among students in China. They are able to recognize the direct links between weather events and health, but less likely to understand the consequences involving complicated pathways. Research and training into the underlying mechanisms of health impacts of climate change needs to be strengthened.

Long-term trends in ocean chlorophyll: update from a Bayesian hierarchical space-time model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudie Beaulieu ◽  
Matthew Hammond ◽  
Stephanie Henson ◽  
Sujit Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Color Sensors ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Space Time Model

<p>Assessing ongoing changes in marine primary productivity is essential to determine the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems and fisheries. Satellite ocean color sensors provide detailed coverage of ocean chlorophyll in space and time, now with a combined record length of just over 20 years. Detecting climate change impacts is hindered by the shortness of the record and the long timescale of memory within the ocean such that even the sign of change in ocean chlorophyll is still inconclusive from time-series analysis of satellite data. Here we use a Bayesian hierarchical space-time model to estimate long-term trends in ocean chlorophyll. The main advantage of this approach comes from the principle of ”borrowing strength” from neighboring grid cells in a given region to improve overall detection. We use coupled model simulations from the CMIP5 experiment to form priors to provide a “first guess” on observational trend estimates and their uncertainty that we then update using satellite observations. We compare the results with estimates obtained with the commonly used vague prior, reflecting the case where no independent knowledge is available.  A global average net positive chlorophyll trend is found, with stronger regional trends that are typically positive in high and mid latitudes, and negative at low latitudes outside the Atlantic. The Bayesian hierarchical model used here provides a framework for integrating different sources of data for detecting trends and estimating their uncertainty in studies of global change.</p>

scholarly journals Underground Cities : Sustainable Urbanism of the Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 1754-1757
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Natural Catastrophes ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Sustainable Urbanism ◽  
The World ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Cities across the world are the main contributors to climate change but at the same time they are also the most vulnerable to its consequences. Some of the disastrous impacts of climate change include extreme weather events, periods of extreme heat and cold, high precipitation, floods, strong cyclones and storms. There is a need for urban design guidelines to effectively address the issues of climate chanbe and increase the resilience of cities. One way to adapt to this is through engineered infrastructure. Today nearly 70% of the world live in urban areas and in the next 20 years two billion more people are expected to move to the cities. With increasing urban densification land and buildable areas are going to become increasingly scarce. One possible solution is to build downwards instead of upwards. Underground areas are less susceptible to external influences and have the ability to better withstand natural catastrophes and hence can be sustainable solution for an unpredictable future. This paper will analyze the viability of underground cities through examples from history and existing case studies along with new upcoming proposals and probe how using underground spaces can increase the resilience of future cities

scholarly journals Determining Canadian water utility preparedness for the impacts of climate change

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagan Brettle ◽  
Peter Berry ◽  
Jaclyn Paterson ◽  
Gordon Yasvinski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Vulnerability Assessments ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

AbstractGeneral warming and extreme weather events associated with climate change are expected to negatively impact water utilities. Water utilities will need to adapt to continue providing safe drinking water and wastewater services. In 2012, the Canadian Water and Wastewater Association (CWWA) conducted a survey of 53 water utility officials to understand the expert perceptions of climate change risks and preparedness of Canadian utilities for current and future impacts. Results indicated that there is low awareness among water utility officials (30%) of thepossible impacts of climate change on water utilities, and more than half have not conducted climate change vulnerability assessments (65%) and do not have operational plans to address climate change impacts (56%). Officials from smaller utilities, which are considered to be more vulnerable to impacts, were of those less aware of these risks and reported taking fewer preparedness activities. Efforts to prepare water utilities for climate change impacts in Canada would benefit from education of utility officials about possible climate change risks, encouraging assessments of vulnerabilities, and increased training with new adaptation tools and resources.

scholarly journals Policy options for addressing climate change, with a focus on ecosystem based adaptation: a case study of Guyana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Lilwah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Resource Sector ◽  
Adaptation Method ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Close to ninety percent of Guyana‟s population live along a low lying coastal plain, which is below sea level and very vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. While the national government has not yet developed a comprehensive climate policy, the potential impacts of climate change is considered in several sectoral policies, much of which emphasize mitigation, with little focus on adaptation. This research examined the current priorities for adaptation by a review of the policies within the natural resource sector to identify opportunities for adaptation, especially ecosystem based adaptation. A Diagnostic Adaptation Framework (DAF) was used to help identify approaches to address a given adaptation challenge with regards to needs, measures and options. A survey questionnaire was used to support the policy reviews and identified four key vulnerabilities: coastal floods; sea level rise; drought and extreme weather events. The application of the DAF in selecting an adaptation method suggests the need for more data on drought and extreme weather events. Coastal flooding is addressed, with recognized need for more data and public awareness for ecosystem based adaptation

The impacts of climate change on food security and health in Southern Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.L. Wlokas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
National Level ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Mitigation Action ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change will have a great impact on Southern Africa according to the IPCC. Two closely related topics, food security and health will be affected by the changes in many ways. Difficulties in transporting food through carbon regulations in air-freight, changing conditions for growing food crops and negative impacts on fishery might occur and will very possible lead to an increase in malnutrition in the region. Changes of the climate will also have an effect on the way illnesses are transmitted and cause a number of extreme weather events which can have an extremely damaging consequence on human living. Two main efforts are being work on in terms of dealing with these concerns. At the inter-national, regional and national levels, adaptation and mitigation action is being planned and imple-mented. Activities at each level are discussed and I argue this in this  paper that currently the most effi-cient way of dealing with the existing and future burdens of climate change impacts are activities at a national level, and enhanced effort has to be made to improve regional and international collaboration in addressing these issues.

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