A retrospective study of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis in barrel racing horses with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and asthma in Texas from 2016 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 338-341
Author(s):  
Emily A. Sundman ◽  
Munashe Chigerwe ◽  
Laszlo M. Hunyadi
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Pulmonary Hemorrhage ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals Treatment with senicapoc in a porcine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asbjørn G. Petersen ◽  
Peter C. Lind ◽  
Anne-Sophie B. Jensen ◽  
Mark A. Eggertsen ◽  
Asger Granfeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Pulmonary Hemorrhage ◽  
Lavage Fluid

Abstract Background Senicapoc is a potent and selective blocker of KCa3.1, a calcium-activated potassium channel of intermediate conductance. In the present study, we investigated whether there is a beneficial effect of senicapoc in a large animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The primary end point was the PaO2/FiO2 ratio. Methods ARDS was induced in female pigs (42–49 kg) by repeated lung lavages followed by injurious mechanical ventilation. Animals were then randomly assigned to vehicle (n = 9) or intravenous senicapoc (10 mg, n = 9) and received lung-protective ventilation for 6 h. Results Final senicapoc plasma concentrations were 67 ± 18 nM (n = 9). Senicapoc failed to change the primary endpoint PaO2/FiO2 ratio (senicapoc, 133 ± 23 mmHg; vehicle, 149 ± 68 mmHg). Lung compliance remained similar in the two groups. Senicapoc reduced the level of white blood cells and neutrophils, while the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were unaltered 6 h after induction of the lung injury. Senicapoc-treatment reduced the level of neutrophils in the alveolar space but with no difference between groups in the cumulative lung injury score. Histological analysis of pulmonary hemorrhage indicated a positive effect of senicapoc on alveolar–capillary barrier function, but this was not supported by measurements of albumin content and total protein in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Conclusions In summary, senicapoc failed to improve the primary endpoint PaO2/FiO2 ratio, but reduced pulmonary hemorrhage and the influx of neutrophils into the lung. These findings open the perspective that blocking KCa3.1 channels is a potential treatment to reduce alveolar neutrophil accumulation and improve long-term outcome in ARDS.

scholarly journals Cytomegaloviral or Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia Increases Mortality in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Pulmonary Hemorrhage: Evidence from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Syuan Sun ◽  
De-Feng Huang ◽  
Fang-Chi Lin ◽  
Chih-Kai Hsu ◽  
I-Ting Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Pulmonary Hemorrhage ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci

Objective.To evaluate the role of cytomegaloviral or Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (CMV/PJP) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with pulmonary hemorrhage (PH).Methods.We retrospectively examined hospital records for 27 SLE patients with PH who received bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analyses. Clinical profile and mortality rates were compared between groups with and without CMV/PJP. Risk factors for PH-related mortality were analyzed.Results.Among 27 SLE patients with PH, 15 had pathogens from BALF samples, and 8 had CMV/PJP. Although CMV/PJP was treated, the RR for 90- and 180-day mortality rates of SLE patients with CMV/PJP were higher than those without these infections (5.94, 95% CI 1.44–24.48; 7.13, 95% CI 1.81–28.06, respectively). Risk factors for 90- and 180-day mortality were presence of CMV/PJP (OR 14.2, 95% CI 1.83–109.9; OR 25.5, 95% CI 2.91–223.3, respectively) and use of pulse methylprednisolone for PH treatment (OR 12.0, 95% CI 1.48–97.2; OR 8.5, 95% CI 1.13–63.9, respectively). Factors increasing the 90-day mortality rate were duration of mechanical ventilation exceeding 14 days (OR 11.1, 95% CI 1.11–112.0) and use of aggressive immunosuppression close to PH onset (OR 7.56, 95% CI 1.09–52.4). Three of the 7 patients receiving aggressive immunosuppression died with the presence of CMV/PJP.Conclusion.Owing to the high prevalence of CMV/PJP and its association with mortality, routine BALF analysis is recommended for all suitable SLE patients with PH. Use of aggressive immunosuppression does not benefit SLE patients with opportunistic infections during PH attack.

scholarly journals The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Chiara Maria Lo Feudo ◽  
Luca Stucchi ◽  
Elena Alberti ◽  
Giovanni Stancari ◽  
Bianca Conturba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Pulmonary Hemorrhage ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lymphoid Hyperplasia ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Equine Asthma ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Tracheal Mucus ◽  
Tracheal Bifurcation

Mild-moderate (MEA), severe (SEA) equine asthma and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) are common respiratory disorders in horses. The present retrospective study aims to evaluate the role of ultrasonography and endoscopy in the diagnosis of these conditions. Three hundred and three horses were included and divided into SEA, MEA and MEA + EIPH groups, on the basis of history, clinical examination and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) cytology; scores were assigned to lung ultrasonography, pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH), tracheal mucus (TM) and tracheal bifurcation edema (TB). These scores were compared between groups, and their associations with age, BALf cytology, tracheal wash microbiology and between endoscopic and ultrasonographic scores were statistically analyzed. Ultrasonographic scores were higher in the SEA and MEA + EIPH groups and associated with increased BALf neutrophils and hemosiderophages. The PLH score was higher in younger horses affected by MEA and EIPH and associated with increased eosinophils and hemosiderophages. TM and TB scores were greater in older horses affected by SEA, associated with increased neutrophils and inversely correlated with hemosiderophages. Moreover, TM grade was negatively correlated with mast cells. Thoracic ultrasonography and airway endoscopy can provide useful information about the inflammatory status of upper and lower airways in the horse.

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis in individuals with chronic hepatitis C

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Idilman ◽  
Hülya Çetinkaya ◽  
İsmail Savaş ◽  
Nuray Aslan ◽  
Serpil Dizbay Sak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Fluid Analysis

Racetrack exercise vs treadmill exercise with respect to exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH): implications for studies of putative treatments of EIPH

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
L.M. Warlick ◽  
C.M. Lopez ◽  
R.H. Sides ◽  
W.M. Bayly
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Pulmonary Haemorrhage ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

Multiple treadmill-based studies using low numbers of horses have evaluated potential prophylactic treatments for exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) and found no effect. However, the relevance of these findings to racing is unclear. Because severity of EIPH incurred on treadmills has not been compared to that following high-speed racetrack exercise in the same horses, we retrospectively performed this comparison using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid red cell numbers (BALFRBC) due to the relative insensitivity of tracheobronchoscopy. Six race-fit Thoroughbreds with recent tracheobronchoscopic EIPH scores ≥2 were exercised to fatigue on a treadmill at 115% V̇O2max (5% incline, 12.3-14.2 m/s), and maximally on a racetrack over 800 m and 1,100 m with average speeds ranging from 16.4-16.7 and 15.5-16.6 m/s, respectively. Run order varied but was not randomised. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed blindly using Bivona tubes 45-60 mins post-exercise. BALFRBC were determined using a haemocytometer. Data were expressed as median and interquartile range, and analysed using RM ANOVA with significance set at P<0.05. BALFRBC were greater after both racetrack runs than after treadmill exercise (P<0.05; treadmill: 10,305/μl (3,871-26,079); 800m: 25,000/μl (17,175-73,400); 1,100m: 19,500/μl (8,962-800,600). Treadmill exercise resulted in lower numbers and a narrower range in BALFRBC than racetrack exercise. Thus, when a small number of horses is used to study EIPH treatments on a treadmill, a lower BALFRBC would be anticipated following the baseline run than with a similar study using racetrack exercise, and might reduce the likelihood of demonstrating significant treatment effects. Results of this retrospective study raise concern regarding the advisability of extrapolating conclusions regarding efficacy of EIPH treatments from treadmill studies to racetrack scenarios.

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