scholarly journals Abstract Phonemic Representations Affect Speech Production: Evidence from Speech Impairment

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 128-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Buchwald ◽  
Michele Miozzo
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Phonemic Representations

Underlying manifestations of developmental phonological disorders in French-speaking pre-schoolers

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1337-1361
Author(s):  
FRANÇOISE BROSSEAU-LAPRÉ ◽  
SUSAN RVACHEW
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Phonological Disorders ◽  
Oral Motor ◽  
Quebec French ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Overt Speech

AbstractThis study examined the psycholinguistic profiles of Quebec French-speaking children with developmental phonological disorders (DPD). The purpose was to determine whether the endophenotypes that have been identified in English-speaking children with DPD are similarly associated with speech impairment in French-speaking children. Seventy-two children with DPD and ten children with normally developing speech, aged four to six years, received a comprehensive assessment battery that included measures at the phenotype level (i.e. measures of overt speech production skills) and endophenotype level (i.e. measures of potential underlying core deficits such as phonological processing or oral motor impairments). The majority of the children with DPD presented with a psycholinguistic profile indicative of difficulties with phonological processing. Phonological processing skills also explained unique variance in speech production accuracy, indicating that French-speaking children with DPD, who produce different surface speech errors than English-speaking children with DPD, are nonetheless very similar with regards to their underlying psycholinguistic profile.

scholarly journals Measuring Speech Production Development in Children With Cerebral Palsy Between 6 and 8 Years of Age: Relationships Among Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 882-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Natzke ◽  
Ashley Sakash ◽  
Tristan Mahr ◽  
Katherine C. Hustad
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Speech Performance ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Accurate measurement of speech intelligibility is essential for children with speech production deficits, but wide variability exists in the measures and protocols used. The current study sought to examine relationships among measures of speech intelligibility and the capacity of different measures to capture change over time. Method Forty-five children with cerebral palsy (CP) with and without speech motor impairment were observed at ages 6, 7, and 8 years. The speech performance of each child was rated using four measures at each time point: standardized articulation test scores, multiword intelligibility scores obtained from naïve listeners, parent ratings of intelligibility, and percent intelligible utterances obtained from language transcripts. We analyzed the correlations of measures within each age and within three different severity groups, and we analyzed how these measures changed year over year in each severity group. Results For children with CP who have mild and moderate speech deficits, different measures of speech production were weakly associated, and for children with CP with severe speech impairment, these measures showed stronger associations. The four measures also differed in their ability to capture change over time. Finally, results from standardized assessments of articulation were not found to inform overall speech intelligibility for children with mild and moderate speech deficits. Conclusions Results suggest that speech production is not fully described by any single clinical measure. In order to adequately describe functional speaking abilities and to capture change over time, multiple levels of measurement are required.

Development of a Psychometric Measure of the Propensity to Consciously Control and Monitor Speech Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-982
Author(s):  
Eric Siu-Chung Lo ◽  
Andus Wing-Kuen Wong ◽  
Andy Choi-Yeung Tse ◽  
Estella Pui-Man Ma ◽  
Tara L. Whitehill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Speech Control ◽  
Speech Performance ◽  
Social Anxieties

Purpose A speech-specific reinvestment scale (SSRS) is a psychometric measure of the propensity to consciously control and monitor speech production. This study develops and validates an SSRS as well as examines its relationship with speech performance with the moderating effects of trait social anxieties (i.e., social interaction anxiety, public speaking anxiety, and social phobia). Method Scale development involves the following stages: (a) initial item generation based on relevant literature, (b) item evaluation through cognitive interviews with 24 healthy respondents, (c) scale reliability and validity tests using cross-sectional survey data from 498 healthy respondents, and (d) test–retest reliability assessment using longitudinal survey data from 185 healthy respondents. Respondents' speech performance is quantified using speech examination scores. Hierarchical moderated regression analyses are conducted to examine the moderating effects of trait social anxieties. Results The validated SSRS comprises 35 items, which can be categorized into four subdimensions, namely, speech movement self-consciousness, public consciousness of speech content, speech manner, and speech movement. Results show that respondents with low trait social anxieties indicate a generally positive relationship between public consciousness of speech movement and speech performance, whereas respondents with high trait social anxieties exhibit a nonsignificant relationship. Conclusions SSRS offers a reliable and valid method for assessing the predisposition for conscious speech control and monitoring, which plays a role in speech performance and is moderated by an individual's level of trait social anxiety. SSRS is a potential assessment tool for speech-language pathologists to evaluate the impacts of conscious speech control and monitoring on individuals with speech impairment.

Effects of Verb Network Strengthening Treatment on Sound-Level and Speech Production Errors in Individuals With Aphasia and Acquired Apraxia of Speech

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kate C. Nealon ◽  
Lisa A. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Correct Number ◽  
Dual Diagnoses ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Production Errors

Purpose This retrospective pilot study investigated whether sound-level and speech production errors decreased in confrontation naming following Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST) for four participants with acquired apraxia of speech (A-AOS) and aphasia for whom lexical retrieval was previously reported. Specifically, we investigated a potential increase in correct number of syllables per word and posttreatment changes across three domains of speech: segmental production, fluency, and prosody. It was hypothesized that treatment shown to increase lexical retrieval in persons with aphasia and A-AOS could potentially facilitate a reduction in sound-level and speech production errors consistent with dual diagnoses of A-AOS and aphasia. Method Naming responses from four participants with aphasia and A-AOS who previously participated in VNeST studies were investigated for correct number of syllables per word and measures of segmental speech, fluency, and prosody. Results Significant gains in at least one measure of speech production were reported for three of the participants. One participant demonstrated decreased segmental speech errors, two showed significant reduction on syllable segmentation, and two demonstrated a significant reduction on false starts and pauses. Significant gains in production of correct number of syllables were limited to one participant, and one participant did not demonstrate increased accuracy on any measure of speech production. Conclusions While speech production errors consistent with motor speech impairment cannot always be definitively distinguished from the confound of aphasia, two participants produced significantly decreased segmentation of syllables, a characteristic unique to A-AOS. The sound-level and speech production changes recorded may be attributed to a combination of interacting motor and language processes and resource allocation. In addition, specific components of VNeST may have contributed to speech production changes. Future work will focus on a prospective study of effects of language therapy (e.g., VNeST) on measures of speech production with investigation beyond the single-word level.

scholarly journals Motor speech impairment predicts expressive language in minimally verbal, but not low verbal, individuals with autism spectrum disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239694151985633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Chenausky ◽  
Amanda Brignell ◽  
Angela Morgan ◽  
Helen Tager-Flusberg
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Minimally Verbal ◽  
Motor Speech

Background and aims Developmental motor speech impairment has been suspected, but rarely systematically examined, in low- and minimally verbal individuals with autism spectrum disorder. We aimed to investigate the extent of motor speech impairment in this population and its relation to number of different words produced during a semi-structured language sample. Methods Videos of 54 low-verbal and minimally verbal individuals (ages 4;4–18;10) performing portions of a speech praxis test were coded for signs of motor speech impairment (e.g., childhood apraxia of speech). Age, autism spectrum disorder severity, nonspeech oral-motor ability, speech production ability, nonverbal IQ, and receptive vocabulary were compared between groups. Results Four groups emerged: (1) speech within normal limits ( n = 12), (2) non-childhood apraxia of speech impairment ( n = 16), (3) suspected childhood apraxia of speech ( n = 13), and (4) insufficient speech to rate ( n = 13). Groups differed significantly in nonspeech oral-motor ability, speech production ability, nonverbal IQ, and receptive vocabulary. Overall, only speech production ability and receptive vocabulary accounted for significant variance in number of different words. Receptive vocabulary significantly predicted number of different words only in Groups 1 and 2, while speech production ability significantly predicted number of different words only in Groups 3 and 4. Conclusions and implications If replicated, our findings have important implications for developing much-needed spoken language interventions in minimally verbal individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

Influence of the Covering Area of Major Connectors of Mandibular Dentures on the Accuracy of Speech Production: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-428
Author(s):  
Junichiro Wada ◽  
Masayuki Hideshima ◽  
Keiichiro Uchikura ◽  
Yuka Shichiri ◽  
Shusuke Inukai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Removable Partial Denture ◽  
Partial Denture ◽  
Speech Evaluation ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Target Syllable

<b><i>Background/Objectives:</i></b> Speech impairment during the initial phase of removable partial denture (RPD) treatment can prevent patient adaptation to RPDs. This quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate the influence of the covering area of major connectors located in the mandibular anterior region on the accuracy of speech production. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Fifteen adults (12 men and 3 women aged 26–40 years) with healthy dentition were recruited. Four target syllables were used for the assessments: [ʃi], [ʧi], [çi], and [ki]. There were four speaking conditions: without a connector (control), wearing lingual bar (5 mm width), wearing lingual plates (12 mm width), and wearing connectors covering the occlusal surface of lower dentition (16 mm width; CO). The accuracy of speech production was evaluated by mean appearance ratio of correct labels (MARC) and incorrect labels (MARIC) of the phonetic segments which were calculated with a speech evaluation system (VoiceAnalyzer). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The MARC in the 3 target syllables [ʃi], [ʧi], and [ki] significantly decreased with CO. For the target syllable [ʃi], the MARICs of [ʧi], [ʤi], and [çi] with CO were significantly lower than that in the control. For the target syllable [ʧi], the MARIC of [ki] with CO was significantly higher than that in the control. For the target syllable [çi], the MARIC of [gi] with CO was significantly higher than that in the control. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> RPDs with major connectors covering the lower dentition could disturb speech production during the initial phase of RPD treatment. Prosthodontic treatment with such RPD designs requires further consideration regarding the information given to patients before starting the treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of orthodontic treatment with aligners and fixed appliances on speech:

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Eduardo Damasceno Melo ◽  
Jéssica Rico Bocato ◽  
Ana Cláudia de Castro Ferreira Conti ◽  
Karen Regina Siqueira de Souza ◽  
Thais Maria Freire Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Speech Therapist ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
The University

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate effects of orthodontic treatment with aligners and conventional fixed appliances on production of speech. Materials and Methods This was a parallel, randomized clinical trial. Patients with Angle Class I malocclusion, moderate crowding, and no speech impairment were randomly allocated to two groups: patients with orthodontic aligners (OAs; n = 20; mean age = 23.60 ± 5.65 years) and those with conventional fixed appliances (n = 20; mean age = 20.56 ± 4.51 years) and treated at the University of North Parana's clinic in Londrina, Brazil. Evaluation of speech production was performed semiobjectively by a speech therapist (myofunctional orofacial examination) and subjectively (self-assessment) at five time points: baseline, immediately after insertion of appliances, and subsequently at 3, 30, and 180 days after insertion. For intergroup comparison, independent t, χ2, Fisher exact, and Mann-Whitney tests were used; for intragroup comparison, the Friedman test was applied (α = 5%). Results In the semiobjective evaluation, patients with OAs exhibited a change in production of speech production, compared with patients with fixed appliances, immediately and 3 days after insertion of appliances (P &lt; .001). Thirty days after insertion, the groups were similar (P = .487), an outcome that was unchanged at 180 days. However, in the self-assessments, patients in both groups reported significant speech difficulties immediately and 3 days after insertion of appliances, but such impairment was no longer perceived at 30 days or 180 days. Conclusions Although the speech therapist identified changes in speech production at the start of treatment in the OA group only, patient self-assessments demonstrated that orthodontic treatment, regardless of the type of appliance used, interfered with their perception of speech.

The Need for a Broad-Based Model of Phonological Disorders

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Kamhi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Phonological Disorders ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Speech Delays ◽  
Explanatory Adequacy ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Treatment Procedures

My response to Fey’s article (1985; reprinted 1992, this issue) focuses on the confusion caused by the application of simplistic phonological definitions and models to the assessment and treatment of children with speech delays. In addition to having no explanatory adequacy, such definitions/models lead either to assessment and treatment procedures that are similarly focused or to procedures that have no clear logical ties to the models with which they supposedly are linked. Narrowly focused models and definitions also usually include no mention of speech production processes. Bemoaning this state of affairs, I attempt to show why it is important for clinicians to embrace broad-based models of phonological disorders that have some explanatory value. Such models are consistent with assessment procedures that are comprehensive in nature and treatment procedures that focus on linguistic, as well as motoric, aspects of speech.

A Family With Autosomal-Dominant Progressive Sensorineural Hearing Loss

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Halpin ◽  
Barbara Herrmann ◽  
Margaret Whearty
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
The Family ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Language Pathology

The family described in this article provides an unusual opportunity to relate findings from genetic, histological, electrophysiological, psychophysical, and rehabilitative investigation. Although the total number evaluated is large (49), the known, living affected population is smaller (14), and these are spread from age 20 to age 59. As a result, the findings described above are those of a large-scale case study. Clearly, more data will be available through longitudinal study of the individuals documented in the course of this investigation but, given the slow nature of the progression in this disease, such studies will be undertaken after an interval of several years. The general picture presented to the audiologist who must rehabilitate these cases is that of a progressive cochlear degeneration that affects only thresholds at first, and then rapidly diminishes speech intelligibility. The expected result is that, after normal language development, the patient may accept hearing aids well, encouraged by the support of the family. Performance and satisfaction with the hearing aids is good, until the onset of the speech intelligibility loss, at which time the patient will encounter serious difficulties and may reject hearing aids as unhelpful. As the histological and electrophysiological results indicate, however, the eighth nerve remains viable, especially in the younger affected members, and success with cochlear implantation may be expected. Audiologic counseling efforts are aided by the presence of role models and support from the other affected members of the family. Speech-language pathology services were not considered important by the members of this family since their speech production developed normally and has remained very good. Self-correction of speech was supported by hearing aids and cochlear implants (Case 5’s speech production was documented in Perkell, Lane, Svirsky, & Webster, 1992). These patients received genetic counseling and, due to the high penetrance of the disease, exhibited serious concerns regarding future generations and the hope of a cure.

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