Development of a Psychometric Measure of the Propensity to Consciously Control and Monitor Speech Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-982
Author(s):  
Eric Siu-Chung Lo ◽  
Andus Wing-Kuen Wong ◽  
Andy Choi-Yeung Tse ◽  
Estella Pui-Man Ma ◽  
Tara L. Whitehill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Speech Control ◽  
Speech Performance ◽  
Social Anxieties

Purpose A speech-specific reinvestment scale (SSRS) is a psychometric measure of the propensity to consciously control and monitor speech production. This study develops and validates an SSRS as well as examines its relationship with speech performance with the moderating effects of trait social anxieties (i.e., social interaction anxiety, public speaking anxiety, and social phobia). Method Scale development involves the following stages: (a) initial item generation based on relevant literature, (b) item evaluation through cognitive interviews with 24 healthy respondents, (c) scale reliability and validity tests using cross-sectional survey data from 498 healthy respondents, and (d) test–retest reliability assessment using longitudinal survey data from 185 healthy respondents. Respondents' speech performance is quantified using speech examination scores. Hierarchical moderated regression analyses are conducted to examine the moderating effects of trait social anxieties. Results The validated SSRS comprises 35 items, which can be categorized into four subdimensions, namely, speech movement self-consciousness, public consciousness of speech content, speech manner, and speech movement. Results show that respondents with low trait social anxieties indicate a generally positive relationship between public consciousness of speech movement and speech performance, whereas respondents with high trait social anxieties exhibit a nonsignificant relationship. Conclusions SSRS offers a reliable and valid method for assessing the predisposition for conscious speech control and monitoring, which plays a role in speech performance and is moderated by an individual's level of trait social anxiety. SSRS is a potential assessment tool for speech-language pathologists to evaluate the impacts of conscious speech control and monitoring on individuals with speech impairment.

scholarly journals Measuring Speech Production Development in Children With Cerebral Palsy Between 6 and 8 Years of Age: Relationships Among Measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 882-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Natzke ◽  
Ashley Sakash ◽  
Tristan Mahr ◽  
Katherine C. Hustad
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Speech Performance ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Accurate measurement of speech intelligibility is essential for children with speech production deficits, but wide variability exists in the measures and protocols used. The current study sought to examine relationships among measures of speech intelligibility and the capacity of different measures to capture change over time. Method Forty-five children with cerebral palsy (CP) with and without speech motor impairment were observed at ages 6, 7, and 8 years. The speech performance of each child was rated using four measures at each time point: standardized articulation test scores, multiword intelligibility scores obtained from naïve listeners, parent ratings of intelligibility, and percent intelligible utterances obtained from language transcripts. We analyzed the correlations of measures within each age and within three different severity groups, and we analyzed how these measures changed year over year in each severity group. Results For children with CP who have mild and moderate speech deficits, different measures of speech production were weakly associated, and for children with CP with severe speech impairment, these measures showed stronger associations. The four measures also differed in their ability to capture change over time. Finally, results from standardized assessments of articulation were not found to inform overall speech intelligibility for children with mild and moderate speech deficits. Conclusions Results suggest that speech production is not fully described by any single clinical measure. In order to adequately describe functional speaking abilities and to capture change over time, multiple levels of measurement are required.

Indigenous Student Perspectives on Support and Impediments at University

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhonda Oliver ◽  
Ellen Grote ◽  
Judith Rochecouste ◽  
Tomzarni Dann
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Student Perspectives ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Aboriginal Australians ◽  
Indigenous Student ◽  
Institutional Services ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Qualitative Component ◽  
Emerging Themes

Aboriginal Australians are entering university in greater numbers than in past decades, yet many struggle to complete their degrees. This paper reports on the qualitative component of a research project aimed at enhancing understandings about this issue by investigating student perspectives about those structures that facilitate or impede their retention. Interview and survey data were gathered from 57 participants at one university and analysed for emerging themes. The findings demonstrate a diverse Indigenous student population in terms of age; comprised personal, professional and university networks; institutional services and resources; and the students’ personal qualities and study practices. Factors perceived to obstruct retention included: a lack of support from some teaching staff, schools and faculties; financial insecurity; and often interrelated issues surrounding university workload, jobs, health, as well as family and community responsibilities. These findings are discussed in the light of relevant literature and recommendations.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Questions: A Short Report on Rubric Assessments in Asia and the Middle East

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronnie Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Impact

This qualitative short report considers the viability of the use of rubrics or alternative methods to assess writing in Asia and the Middle East. The background of learning theories, assessment types, and self-assessment literature provides a foundation for further discussion of the appropriate use of rubrics, including the prioritization of criterion, the quality of scoring, the impact of organizational features on scoring, the influence of bias, and the best application of rubric assessment. Relevant points for further study are identified, such as differentiation in research between generalized analytical rating systems and rubric assessment with specific, empirical criterion. The contradictory research regarding the advantages and disadvantages of rubric assessment in comparison with holistic assessment are of particular and crucial interest for global pedagogy. Many of the reviewed Western articles excluded Asian perspectives- except for China- and thus present a limited understanding of social and educational compatibility with new assessments and rubric assessments in particular. The discussion identifies patterns and points of contention and seeks to explore viewpoints rather than limit the scope of inquiry and consideration thus noting that relevant literature suggests that with appropriate teacher training, teachers may appropriately use rubrics as a formative assessment tool for writing in Asia and the Middle East.

scholarly journals THE FIRST 6TH-MONTH NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF A FULL-TERM CHILD IN EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING: A LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Relisa Nuris Shifa ◽  
Sulistiawati ◽  
Endyka Erye Frety ◽  
Astika Gita Ningrum
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Full Term

Background: The first six months after birth are part of the first 1000 days, a golden period for child development. In this period, the child needed proper nutrition to support optimal development and as nutrition programming. WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6th-month. Adequacy of nutrition and optimal growth can be assessed using the nutritional status.  Aim: This study analyzes the relationship between EBF for the first 6 months with the nutritional status of a full-term infant aged 0-6 months. The nutritional status assessed using anthropometric measurements and child growth standards. Methods: This type of literature review research uses the PRISMA, PICO, and Boolean Operator methods. The research question with PICO standard "What is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding practice and nutritional status of children aged 0-6 months?". Relevant literature was obtained from 8 databases: Scopus, Portal Garuda, Proquest, Mendeley, Pubmed, Oxford, Science Direct, and Sage. Literature was limited to the last 10 years. There are 6 relevant pieces of literature included for review. The literature quality assessment uses a quantitative study quality assessment tool released by the EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project) and produces 5 pieces of literature worthy of review.  Results: From 5 kinds of literature, there were various indicators of nutritional status such as weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ), Body Mass Index (BMI)-for-age, and head circumference (HC)-for-age. The results were dominated by insignificant results, except the HC-for-age indicator stated that there were significant results. The author explores the causes of insignificant results. Explores based on the indicators that include in studies, the information based on studies, and the possible consequences that adjusted to the data based on the studies. The Author found that the mother plays an important role in the production and provision of breast milk. The quality of breastmilk depends on the mother, also how she gives it to their infant. It has to be based on the WHO recommendation. Conclusion: The result of these studies affirms that EBF didn't significantly affect the indicators of WAZ, LAZ, WLZ, and BMI-for-age, but significantly affected the head circumference-for-age indicator.

Development and validation of an A3 problem-solving assessment tool and self-instructional package for teachers of quality improvement in healthcare

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjqs-2020-012105
Author(s):  
Jennifer S Myers ◽  
Jeanne M Kin ◽  
John E Billi ◽  
Kathleen G Burke ◽  
Richard Van Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Experience Teaching ◽  
Self Instruction ◽  
Summative Feedback

PurposeA3 problem solving is part of the Lean management approach to quality improvement (QI). However, few tools are available to assess A3 problem-solving skills. The authors sought to develop an assessment tool for problem-solving A3s with an accompanying self-instruction package and to test agreement in assessments made by individuals who teach A3 problem solving.MethodsAfter reviewing relevant literature, the authors developed an A3 assessment tool and self-instruction package over five improvement cycles. Lean experts and individuals from two institutions with QI proficiency and experience teaching QI provided iterative feedback on the materials. Tests of inter-rater agreement were conducted in cycles 3, 4 and 5. The final assessment tool was tested in a study involving 12 raters assessing 23 items on six A3s that were modified to enable testing a range of scores.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for overall assessment of an A3 (rater’s mean on 23 items per A3 compared across 12 raters and 6 A3s) was 0.89 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.98), indicating excellent reliability. For the 20 items with appreciable variation in scores across A3s, ICCs ranged from 0.41 to 0.97, indicating fair to excellent reliability. Raters from two institutions scored items similarly (mean ratings of 2.10 and 2.13, p=0.57). Physicians provided marginally higher ratings than QI professionals (mean ratings of 2.17 and 2.00, p=0.003). Raters averaged completing the self-instruction package in 1.5 hours, then rated six A3s in 2.0 hours.ConclusionThis study provides evidence of the reliability of a tool to assess healthcare QI project proposals that use the A3 problem-solving approach. The tool also demonstrated evidence of measurement, content and construct validity. QI educators and practitioners can use the free online materials to assess learners’ A3s, provide formative and summative feedback on QI project proposals and enhance their teaching.

Underlying manifestations of developmental phonological disorders in French-speaking pre-schoolers

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1337-1361
Author(s):  
FRANÇOISE BROSSEAU-LAPRÉ ◽  
SUSAN RVACHEW
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Phonological Disorders ◽  
Oral Motor ◽  
Quebec French ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Overt Speech

AbstractThis study examined the psycholinguistic profiles of Quebec French-speaking children with developmental phonological disorders (DPD). The purpose was to determine whether the endophenotypes that have been identified in English-speaking children with DPD are similarly associated with speech impairment in French-speaking children. Seventy-two children with DPD and ten children with normally developing speech, aged four to six years, received a comprehensive assessment battery that included measures at the phenotype level (i.e. measures of overt speech production skills) and endophenotype level (i.e. measures of potential underlying core deficits such as phonological processing or oral motor impairments). The majority of the children with DPD presented with a psycholinguistic profile indicative of difficulties with phonological processing. Phonological processing skills also explained unique variance in speech production accuracy, indicating that French-speaking children with DPD, who produce different surface speech errors than English-speaking children with DPD, are nonetheless very similar with regards to their underlying psycholinguistic profile.

scholarly journals The Quantal Larynx: The Stable Regions of Laryngeal Biomechanics and Implications for Speech Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Reid Moisik ◽  
Bryan Gick
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
High Dimensionality ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Speech Control ◽  
Regions Of Stability ◽  
Speech Motor

Purpose Recent proposals suggest that (a) the high dimensionality of speech motor control may be reduced via modular neuromuscular organization that takes advantage of intrinsic biomechanical regions of stability and (b) computational modeling provides a means to study whether and how such modularization works. In this study, the focus is on the larynx, a structure that is fundamental to speech production because of its role in phonation and numerous articulatory functions. Method A 3-dimensional model of the larynx was created using the ArtiSynth platform ( http://www.artisynth.org ). This model was used to simulate laryngeal articulatory states, including inspiration, glottal fricative, modal prephonation, plain glottal stop, vocal–ventricular stop, and aryepiglotto–epiglottal stop and fricative. Results Speech-relevant laryngeal biomechanics is rich with “quantal” or highly stable regions within muscle activation space. Conclusions Quantal laryngeal biomechanics complement a modular view of speech control and have implications for the articulatory–biomechanical grounding of numerous phonetic and phonological phenomena.

scholarly journals Development of a self-assessment tool for resident doctors’ communication skills in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Upendra Baitha ◽  
Piyush Ranjan ◽  
Siddharth Sarkar ◽  
Charu Arora ◽  
Archana Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Questionnaire Development ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Good Internal Consistency

Purpose: Effective communication skills are essential for resident doctors to provide optimum patient care. This study was conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire for the self-assessment of resident doctors’ communication skills in India.Methods: This was a mixed-methods study conducted in 2 phases. The first phase consisted of questionnaire development, including the identification of relevant literature, focus group discussions with residents and experts from clinical specialties, and pre-testing of the questionnaire. The second phase involved administering the questionnaire survey to 95 residents from the Departments of Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Pediatrics, and Surgery at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India in April 2019. Internal consistency was tested and the factor structure was analyzed to test construct validity.Results: The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: (A) 4 items on doctor-patient conflicts and the role of communication skills in avoiding these conflicts, (B) 29 items on self-assessment of communication skills in different settings, and (C) 8 items on barriers to practicing good communication skills. Sections B and C had good internal consistency (Cronbach α: 0.885 and 0.771, respectively). Section C had a 2-factor solution, and the barriers were classified as ‘training’ and ‘infrastructure’ factors.Conclusion: This appears to be a valid assessment tool of resident doctors’ communication skills, with potential utility for identifying gaps in communication skills and developing communication skills modules.

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