scholarly journals Corrigendum to The Alliance between Semantic Memory, Priming, and Episodic Memory

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 958
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory

Combined Memory Training: An Approach for Episodic Memory Deficits in Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2S) ◽  
pp. 920-932
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Cochran D'Angelo ◽  
Beth A. Ober ◽  
Gregory K. Shenaut
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wait List ◽  
Wait List Control Group ◽  
Wait List Control

Purpose The study aimed to test a combination of semantic memory and traditional episodic memory therapies on episodic memory deficits in adults with traumatic brain injury. Method Twenty-five participants who had been diagnosed with traumatic brain injury and had episodic memory deficits were randomly assigned either to a combined memory treatment group ( n = 16) or to a wait-list control group ( n = 9). Before and after treatment, they completed standardized neuropsychological testing for episodic memory and related cognitive domains, including the California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition, the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, the University of Southern California Repeatable Episodic Memory Test, the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence–Second Edition Matrices, the Test of Everyday Attention, the Memory Assessment Clinics Self-Rating Scale, the Expressive Vocabulary Test–Second Edition, and the Story Recall subtest from the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test. In addition to a traditional episodic memory therapy, the treatment group received a novel semantic memory–focused therapy, which involved participants finding meaningful connections between diverse concepts represented by sets of two or three words. Results The treatment group demonstrated statistically significant improvement in memory for list learning tasks, and there was a significant difference from pretest to posttest between the treatment group and the wait-list control group. Clinical significance was demonstrated for the treatment group using minimally important difference calculations. Conclusion Combined memory therapy resulted in significant improvements in episodic memory, semantic memory, and attention, in comparison to no treatment. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14049968

scholarly journals Influencia de las claves semánticas en el reconocimiento episódico de adolescentes con trastorno del espectro del autismo de alto funcionamiento / Influence of Semantic Keys in Episodic Memory of Adolescents with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Elena Pellitero Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
High Functioning Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Memory Disorders ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
El Sistema

ABSTRACTThere's some controversy about memory disorders in teenagers with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder. Some researches maintain that the semantic memory remains intact while the episodic memory is the most affected system in comparison with Normal Development teenagers; however there are no researches connecting both kinds of memory in a single analysis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the episodic recognition improved when semantic keys where autogenerated in the coding phase in these teenagers. The results produced shown that there aren't statistically significant differences between the category's autogeneration compared to the absence of category's autogeneration in the episodic recall.RESUMENExiste controversia acerca de las alteraciones del funcionamiento de la memoria en adolescentes con trastorno del espectro del autismo de alto funcionamiento. Algunas investigaciones sostienen que la memoria semántica está intacta mientras que la memoria episódica es el sistema más afectado en comparación con adolescentes con desarrollo normal; sin embargo no hay estudios que relacionen ambos tipos de memoria en un solo análisis. El  objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si el reconocimiento episódico mejoraba al autogenerar claves semánticas en la fase de codificación en estos adolescentes. Los resultados mostraron que no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la autogeneración de la categoría en comparación con la ausencia de la autogeneración de la categoría en el recuerdo episódico.

scholarly journals Egocentric Navigation Abilities Predict Episodic Memory Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Committeri ◽  
Agustina Fragueiro ◽  
Maria Maddalena Campanile ◽  
Marco Lagatta ◽  
Ford Burles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Path Integration ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Egocentric Navigation

The medial temporal lobe supports both navigation and declarative memory. On this basis, a theory of phylogenetic continuity has been proposed according to which episodic and semantic memories have evolved from egocentric (e.g., path integration) and allocentric (e.g., map-based) navigation in the physical world, respectively. Here, we explored the behavioral significance of this neurophysiological model by investigating the relationship between the performance of healthy individuals on a path integration and an episodic memory task. We investigated the path integration performance through a proprioceptive Triangle Completion Task and assessed episodic memory through a picture recognition task. We evaluated the specificity of the association between performance in these two tasks by including in the study design a verbal semantic memory task. We also controlled for the effect of attention and working memory and tested the robustness of the results by including alternative versions of the path integration and semantic memory tasks. We found a significant positive correlation between the performance on the path integration the episodic, but not semantic, memory tasks. This pattern of correlation was not explained by general cognitive abilities and persisted also when considering a visual path integration task and a non-verbal semantic memory task. Importantly, a cross-validation analysis showed that participants' egocentric navigation abilities reliably predicted episodic memory performance. Altogether, our findings support the hypothesis of a phylogenetic continuity between egocentric navigation and episodic memory and pave the way for future research on the potential causal role of egocentric navigation on multiple forms of episodic memory.

scholarly journals Metacognitive domain specificity in feeling-of-knowing but not retrospective confidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Mazancieux ◽  
Claire Dinze ◽  
Céline Souchay ◽  
Chris J A Moulin
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Domain Specificity ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian ◽  
Hierarchical Bayesian Model ◽  
Feeling Of Knowing ◽  
Theoretical Reasoning ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Previous research has converged on the idea that metacognitive evaluations of memory dissociate between semantic and episodic memory tasks, even if the type of metacognitive judgement is held constant. This often observed difference has been the basis of much theoretical reasoning about the types of cues available when making metacognitive judgements of memory and how metacognition is altered in memory pathologies. Here, we sought to revisit the difference between episodic and semantic feeling-of-knowing (FOK) judgements in the light of recent research which has supported a domain general account of metacognition. One hundred participants performed classical episodic and semantic memory tasks with FOK judgements and confidence judgements. Using the meta-d′ framework, we applied a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate metacognitive sensitivity and cross-task covariance. Results revealed a significant correlation in metacognitive efficiency (meta-d′/d′) between the episodic memory task and the semantic memory task for confidence judgements; however, no evidence was found for a cross-task correlation for FOK judgements. This supports the view that FOK judgements are based on different cues in semantic and episodic memory, whereas confidence judgements are domain general.

Concrete and Abstract Information in Semantic and Episodic Memory

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Wippich
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Dual Code ◽  
Verbal Code ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Concrete Words ◽  
Concrete Target

In the present study abstract or concrete target nouns had to be retrieved from semantic memory within 1 min. after the definitions of the nouns had been presented to subjects (Brown and McNeill's paradigm). Following the definition session 22 subjects were unexpectedly asked to recall the target nouns from episodic memory. Semantic memory as well as episodic memory retrieval was better for concrete than for abstract nouns. These results could not be explained in terms of a higher adequacy of definitions for the concrete words. The results seem to support those theories of memory which postulate a dual-code representation of information, especially a verbal code and an imagery code.

scholarly journals Autobiographically Significant Concepts: More Episodic than Semantic in Nature? An Electrophysiological Investigation of Overlapping Types of Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Renoult ◽  
Patrick S. R. Davidson ◽  
Erika Schmitz ◽  
Lillian Park ◽  
Kenneth Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Positive Component ◽  
Late Positive Component ◽  
Episodic Information ◽  
Semantic Concepts ◽  
N400 Component ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
Highly Correlated

A common assertion is that semantic memory emerges from episodic memory, shedding the distinctive contexts associated with episodes over time and/or repeated instances. Some semantic concepts, however, may retain their episodic origins or acquire episodic information during life experiences. The current study examined this hypothesis by investigating the ERP correlates of autobiographically significant (AS) concepts, that is, semantic concepts that are associated with vivid episodic memories. We inferred the contribution of semantic and episodic memory to AS concepts using the amplitudes of the N400 and late positive component, respectively. We compared famous names that easily brought to mind episodic memories (high AS names) against equally famous names that did not bring such recollections to mind (low AS names) on a semantic task (fame judgment) and an episodic task (recognition memory). Compared with low AS names, high AS names were associated with increased amplitude of the late positive component in both tasks. Moreover, in the recognition task, this effect of AS was highly correlated with recognition confidence. In contrast, the N400 component did not differentiate the high versus low AS names but, instead, was related to the amount of general knowledge participants had regarding each name. These results suggest that semantic concepts high in AS, such as famous names, have an episodic component and are associated with similar brain processes to those that are engaged by episodic memory. Studying AS concepts may provide unique insights into how episodic and semantic memory interact.

The Effects of Question Type on Conversational Discourse in Alzheimer's Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Petryk ◽  
Tammy Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Question Type ◽  
Conversational Discourse ◽  
Question Types ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
Multiple Question ◽  
Within Subjects

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of asking open-ended episodic memory questions versus open-ended semantic memory questions on the conversational discourse of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Four females diagnosed with probable AD participated in the study. A within-subjects experimental design was employed to assess the effects of the different question types on participants’ spoken language. Transcripts were analyzed using specific discourse measures used in previous research involving individuals with AD. Results: Participants in this study produced more meaningful and relevant statements, as measured by ratios of on-topic utterances, when responding to the semantic memory questions as compared to episodic memory questions. Participants made few negative comments overall; however, more negative self-evaluative statements were made in the episodic memory condition. When considered in conjunction with previous research, the results support the use of multiple question types in conversation with individuals with mild and moderate AD. However, communication partners should limit their use of open-ended questions that primarily tax episodic memory.

Remote memory in a patient with amnesia due to hypoxia

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Beatty ◽  
David P. Salmon ◽  
Nancy Bernstein ◽  
Nelson Butters
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Retrograde Amnesia ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Remote Memory ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excellent Preservation ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Test Of Knowledge

SynopsisIt has been suggested that amnesic patients suffer a selective loss of episodic memory while semantic memory remains well preserved. To assess the validity of this idea we studied remote memory in an amnesic patient, (M.R.L.), using several different measures that differ in the extent which they engage episodic or semantic memory. On two different versions of the Albert et al. (1979) remote memory battery M.R.L. displayed severe retrograde amnesia (RA) extending backwards in time for about 15 years with excellent preservation of older memories. With standard recall instructions his overall performance on the Crovitz test of autobiographical memory was impaired and all of M.R.L.'s specific, temporally dated memories were given from the first half of life. When asked to reconstruct his past residential history in detail, M.R.L. provided specific and generally accurate information for residences occupied from his boyhood until 1970, but thereafter his memory became quite unreliable. On a test of knowledge of terms commonly employed the surveying profession, in which he worked for the past 20 years, M.R.L.'s performance was also impaired. The consistent pattern of RA displayed by this patient on all of the tests of remote memory indicates that both episodic and semantic memory are impaired in amnesia.

Two retrievals from a single cue: A bottleneck persists across episodic and semantic memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Orscheschek ◽  
Tilo Strobach ◽  
Torsten Schubert ◽  
Timothy Rickard
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Verbal Response ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Keypress Response ◽  
Unique Word

There is evidence in the literature that two retrievals from long-term memory cannot occur in parallel. To date, however, that work has explored only the case of two retrievals from newly acquired episodic memory. These studies demonstrated a retrieval bottleneck even after dual-retrieval practice. That retrieval bottleneck may be a global property of long-term memory retrieval, or it may apply only to the case of two retrievals from episodic memory. In the current experiments, we explored whether that apparent dual-retrieval bottleneck applies to the case of one retrieval from episodic memory and one retrieval from highly overlearned semantic memory. Across three experiments, subjects learned to retrieve a left or right keypress response form a set of 14 unique word cues (e.g., black—right keypress). In addition, they learned a verbal response which involved retrieving the antonym of the presented cue (e.g., black—“white”). In the dual-retrieval condition, subjects had to retrieve both the keypress response and the antonym word. The results suggest that the retrieval bottleneck is superordinate to specific long-term memory systems and holds across different memory components. In addition, the results support the assumption of a cue-level response chunking account of learned retrieval parallelism.

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