The Content of Childhood Fears of Primary School Children Living in Urban and Rural Areas

Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of farm families with a special focus on primary school children in Punjab. Methodology: This study was conducted in tehsil Jaranwala, Faisalabad. Five villages and two primary schools were selected from each village randomly. From these schools, 323 children whose fathers were farmers were selected as samples. A cross-sectional research design was used for the present study. In this context, an interview schedule was prepared and face-to-face interviews were administered to collect the required data. Main Findings: The chi-square analysis confirmed that education, and income of parents associated factors had a statistically significant (P<0.05) and positive correlation with BMI. Descriptive statistics indicated poverty was ranked 1st among reasons for malnutrition followed by inappropriate dietary choices and unavailability of healthy foods with mean values of 4.25 and 4.11, respectively. Whereas, children don't want to come to school due to poor health" was ranked 1st in all effects of poor health with a mean value of 4.50. Applications of the study: This study has highlighted the importance of the nutritional status of primary school-going children and also investigates the different factors that inverse impact on their health. This study will be proved helpful among farm families by creating awareness about the nutrition of children. Based on the findings of this study, the urge to the government to take steps to improve the literacy level and build strategies to improve the awareness level of mothers about the nutrition of children, especially in rural areas. The novelty of the Study: This is the first study that investigates the assessment of the nutritional status of school-going children of farm families in Punjab, Pakistan especially in tehsil Jaranwala, Faisalabad.

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The construction of national musical identities by Greek Cypriot primary school children – implications for the Cyprus music education system

British Journal of Music Education ◽

10.1017/s0265051707007565 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 251-266

Author(s):

Avra Pieridou-Skoutella

Keyword(s):

Music Education ◽

School Children ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Musical Identity ◽

Greek Cypriot ◽

The Republic ◽

And Performance ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Republic Of Cyprus

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with Greek Cypriot elementary school children in urban and rural areas of the Republic of Cyprus, the author describes and analyses the ways in which national musical identity is constructed in and out of school in connection with Cypriot traditional music. Findings reveal the development of fluid and often insecure, ambiguous and contradictory national musical identities as a result of the ideological messages children receive from their musical enculturation contexts. In addition public music education not only fails to assist pupils to become familiar with the tradition's inherent meanings and processes of creation and performance, but enhances children's contradictory ideological understanding and construction of an ambiguous national musical identity.

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Anaemia and Its Relation to Demographic, Socio-economic and Anthropometric Factors in Rural Primary School Children in Hai Phong City, Vietnam

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11071478 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1478 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hoang ◽

Orellana ◽

Le ◽

Gibson ◽

Worsley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Economic Factor ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Microcytic Anaemia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Normocytic Anaemia

Little is known about the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors in school children in Vietnam. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of anaemia and its subtypes, and the associations of types of anaemia with demographic, socio-economic and anthropometric factors among 6–9-year-old primary school children in rural areas of Hai Phong City, Vietnam. Haemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were measured, and demographic, socio-economic and anthropometric data were collected in 893 children from eight primary schools. The prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L) was 12.9% (95% CI: 8.1%, 19.9%), microcytic anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L and MCV < 80 fL) was 7.9% (95% CI: 5.3%, 11.6%) and normocytic anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L and MCV 80–90 fL) was 5.3% (95% CI: 2.9%, 9.5%). No child presented with macrocytic anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L and MCV > 90 fL). Children who were underweight, wasted, or in anthropometric failure (either underweight, stunted or wasted) were more likely to be anaemic (all p ≤ 0.004), and specifically, to have normocytic anaemia (all p ≤ 0.006), than those who were not underweight, wasted or in anthropometric failure. Stunted children were more likely to be anaemic (p = 0.018) than those who were not stunted. Overweight/obese children were less likely to be anaemic (p = 0.026) or have normocytic anaemia (p = 0.038) compared with children who were not overweight/obese. No anthropometric status indicator was associated with the risk of microcytic anaemia. No demographic or socio-economic factor was associated with any type of anaemia. Anaemia remains a public health issue in rural areas in Hai Phong City, Vietnam, and future approaches for its prevention and control should target undernourished primary school children.

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Optimization of the psychophysical state of primary school children of northern rural areas by means of physical education

Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P F Lesgafta ◽

10.5930/issn.1994-4683.2007.06.28.p99-103 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Shchetinina

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Primary School Children

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Pattern of Refractive Error in Primary School Children in Rupandehi District, Nepal

Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jucms.v3i1.13256 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 31-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Salma K.C. Rai ◽

Hari Bahadur Thapa ◽

Nanda Gurung ◽

Arjun Malla Bhari ◽

Manoj K Sharma

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

School Students ◽

Government School ◽

The Government ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

INTRODUCTION: Refractive error remains one of the primary causes of visual impairment in children worldwide. This study describes pattern of refractive errors among primary school students in Rupandehi district, Nepal.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Records of 128 children with refractive error aged 5-15 years from both urban and rural areas in Nepal between January and March 2011 were examined for patterns in the distribution of refractive errors. SPSS statistical software was used to perform analysis.RESULTS: The commonest type of refractive errors among the children was astigmatism (47%) followed by myopia (26%) and hyperopia (19%). Children in the age group 11-15 years had higher number of eyes with refractive error as compared to their younger counterparts 5 years /or below 5 years (49% vs. 9%). 71% students were from schools located in rural areas. Among the children with refractive errors, only 44.5% students were wearing glasses. 57% of the students studying in private schools were wearing glasses but only 26.9% students from the government school were wearing glasses.CONCLUSION: A wide variation in the distribution of refractive errors between the geographic locations, gender basis, types of schools as well as between the different ethnic groups was observed.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1, 2015: 31-36

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