Morphotype diversity of Corchorus olitorius and influence of agricultural practices on its potential major pest insects

Field screening of eleven most popular jute varieties belonging to Corchorus olitorius species was done against the major pests in the farm of Jute Research Programm, Itahari, Sunsari, Nepal during 2017 and 2018. Different species of pests belonging to insects, mites and nematodes were found feeding on jute. Among them, jute Semilooper (Anomis sabulifera Guen.), Bihar hairy caterpillar (Spilarctia obliqua Wlk.), yellow mite (Polyphagotarson emuslatus Banks), are causing economic damage to the jute crop. Eleven jute varieties were selected to conduct varietal preference and tested against major pest of jute in field condition. Among the eleven varieties JRO-524 was found to be moderately resistant against the Semilooper (A. sabulifera) and Bihar hairy caterpillar (S. oblique) but least susceptible to yellow mites. Likewise, the variety KEN-DS-058, KEN-DS-066, BJRI-1965 and BJRI-1968 showed highly susceptible to major pest Semilooper (A. sabulifera), Bihar hairy caterpillar (S. oblique) and yellow mites. The variety BRD-SRB-061, YA-41, O-4, KEN-BL-130, Itahari-2 showed moderate resistance to Semilooper (A. sabulifera), Bihar hairy caterpillar (S. oblique) but moderately susceptible to yellow mites. Further, the fibre production capacity of the varieties under different pest’s pressure was found relatively higher in variety JRO-524 followed by YA-41, BRD-SRB-061, KEN-BL-130 and O-4 respectively. The relatively higher yield recorded under varying pest levels over two consecutive seasons is an indicative of greater field tolerance of olitorius jute varieties.

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Safety and Quality Assessment of Smallholder Farmers' Maize in the Western Highlands of Guatemala

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-355 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

pp. 776-784 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

JOSÉ RODRIGO MENDOZA ◽

ANA RODAS ◽

ANA OLIVA ◽

LUIS SABILLÓN ◽

ANA COLMENARES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Small Scale ◽

Tolerable Daily Intake ◽

Estimated Daily Intake ◽

Maize Weevil ◽

Pest Insects ◽

Different Altitudes

ABSTRACT Maize (Zea mays) is a staple in many developing countries but is known to be prone to pest (insects, birds, and rodents) and fungal infestation. In Guatemala, mycotoxin contamination of cultivated products may occur owing to such factors as environmental conditions and the use of traditional agriculture operations. To assess the current maize conditions in Guatemala, a small-scale study was performed. Mold and insect counts and mycotoxin (aflatoxin and fumonisin) concentrations were determined on 25 farms in two townships (Chiantla and Todos Santos) of the Huehuetenango Department. Total fungal counts were 3.6 to 6.83 log CFU/g with no significant differences (P > 0.05) across farms at different altitudes. Farms where maize was not produced but was purchased were at higher risk of fumonisin contamination, whereas local producers were mostly affected by aflatoxins. Aflatoxin was present in maize from 100% of farms at 1.0 to 85.3 ppb, and fumonisin was detected on 52% of farms at 0.4 to 31.0 ppm. Average mycotoxin consumption amounts were above the recommended maximum intake for aflatoxin in both produced and purchased maize and above the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake for fumonisin in purchased maize. Estimated daily intake was 0.01 to 0.85 μg/kg of body weight per day for aflatoxin and 2.9 to 310.0 μg/kg of body weight per day for fumonisin. An entomological analysis revealed overall 32% prevalence of Ephestia kuehniella (flour moth), 16% prevalence of Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil), and 8% prevalence of Tribolium sp. (flour beetle) on the analyzed farms. This study highlighted poor agricultural practices used in the highlands of Guatemala. Current practices should be revised for the production of maize that is safe for consumption by the population in this region.

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Assessment of Dietary Bioactive Phenolic Compounds and Agricultural Sustainability of an African Leafy Vegetable Corchorus olitorius L.

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.667812 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Lorenzo Guzzetti ◽

Davide Panzeri ◽

Marynka Ulaszewska ◽

Grazia Sacco ◽

Matilde Forcella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Leafy Vegetable ◽

Agricultural Sustainability ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Corchorus Olitorius ◽

Conventional Agriculture ◽

Phytochemical Content ◽

African Leafy Vegetable

Corchorus olitorius L. is an African leafy vegetable of high nutritional interest. To assess its agricultural suitability to sustainable cultivation conditions and its potential benefits for human nutrition, its phytochemical content in response to conservation agriculture practices [i.e., no-tillage (NT) and cover crop maintenance] and low water regime were evaluated and compared with response under conventional agriculture management. Hydric stress and NT did not affect the content of antioxidant metabolites, compared to conventional agricultural practices. In both conditions, leaves were found to be a great source of phenolic compounds. The effect of these phenolic fractions was assessed on two colon cell phenotypes to evaluate putative nutraceutical properties. Polyphenol-enriched extracts (PEEs) displayed selective cytotoxic activities against tumor Caco-2 cells but not on the healthy CCD841 line. PEEs were able to trigger oxidative stress and to inhibit the activity of glutathione-independent antioxidant enzymes on Caco-2 cells. C. olitorius showed to be a promising crop for improving both agricultural sustainability and health benefits due to the great amount of antioxidant compounds in leaves, whose occurrence is not altered by stressful farming conditions. Given its high adaptability, the cultivation of this crop is therefore recommendable also in the Mediterranean Basin.

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AREA-WIDE MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR PEST INSECTS

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2015.1065.6 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 67-72

Author(s):

Jorge Hendrichs ◽

Jesús Reyes ◽

Marc Vreysen ◽

Rui Cardoso-Pereira

Keyword(s):

Pest Insects ◽

Major Pest

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Rank correlation of seed and Fibre Yield Characters in Jute (Corchorus olitorius)

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i4831270 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 503-510

Author(s):

Anirneeta De ◽

Anita Hansda ◽

Anita Roy

Keyword(s):

Environmental Influence ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Clear Understanding ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Corchorus Olitorius ◽

Seed Supply ◽

Potential Factor ◽

Fibre Yield ◽

Sowing Season

The present study aimed to explore the Rank correlation of seed and fibre yield characters in Jute (Corchorus olitorius). Jute cultivation availability of quality seed remains a potential factor as it deals with the fibre. Studying the correlation between both seed and fibre characters at the same time in jute is a complex matter since the sowing season, agricultural practices vary in both the cases. Varieties producing high fibre and seed yield are necessary to meet the deficit in seed supply for the jute producing farmers of West Bengal, India. In this study, the experimental material consisted of thirty six jute (Corchorus olitorius L) crosses along with two check varieties. Fibres were harvested at 120 days and the seeds at maturity. The variability in most of the yield (fibre and seed) contributing characters was mainly due to genotype with some extent of environmental influence. To obtain a clear understanding of the inter-relationship between seed and fibre characters a rank correlation was performed instead of simple correlation. A strong positive correlation was found which helped us in finding lines with both high seed and fibre yield. Furthermore, a fibre quality test was also conducted for estimating the fineness and strength of the fibre.

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High Voltage Electron Microscopy of Viral Inclusion Bodies

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s1431927600002117 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 486-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H.M. Mazzone ◽

W.F. Engler ◽

G. Wray ◽

A. Szirmae ◽

J. Conroy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Host Cells ◽

High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

Viral Particles ◽

Pest Insects ◽

Viral Inclusion ◽

Insect Gut

Viral inclusion bodies isolated from infected pest insects are being evaluated by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture as biological insecticides against their hosts. Our research on these inclusion bodies constitutes part of an effort to support their approval by the Environmental Protection Agency as insect control agents. The inclusion bodies in this study are polyhedral in shape and contain rod-shaped viral particles. When ingested by pest insects, the inclusion bodies are broken down in the insect gut and release the viral particles which infect and multiply in the nuclei of host cells. These viruses are termed nucleopolyhedrosis viruses (NPV) and are representatives of the baculoviruses (Wildy, P. 1971 IN J.L. Melnick, ed., Monographs in Virology, vol. 5, S.Karger, New York).

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Breaking Seed Dormancy in Corchorus olitorius Landraces

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-2008-1075200 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 74 (03) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

AE-D Helaly ◽

H Al-Amier ◽

AA Al-Aziz ◽

LE Craker

Keyword(s):

Seed Dormancy ◽

Corchorus Olitorius ◽

Breaking Seed Dormancy

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Food Safety on the Farm: Good Agricultural Practices and Good Handling Practices – Packing Operation Sanitation

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-fs189-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Jesscia A. Lepper ◽

Aswathy Sreedharan ◽

Renée Goodrich Schneider ◽

Keith R. Schneider

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Good Agricultural Practices ◽

Produce Safety ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

Safety Rule ◽

Handling Practices ◽

Voluntary Program ◽

Federal Guidelines

Good agricultural practices (GAPs) and good handling practices (GHPs) encompass the general procedures that growers, packers and processors of fresh fruits and vegetables should follow to ensure the safety of their product. GAPs usually deal with preharvest practices (i.e., in the field), while GHPs cover postharvest practices, including packing, storage and shipping. This factsheet covers GAPs relating to packing operation sanitation. There are seven other Florida Cooperative Extension factsheets in the ‘Food Safety on the Farm’ series that focus on specific aspects of the GAPs program and how they relate to Florida crops and practices. Under the new Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), GAPs are a foundation of the Produce Safety Rule (PSR). Other than for round tomatoes in Florida (T-GAPs regulation), GAPs have mainly been a voluntary program. Additionally the PSR mandates all non-exempt operations to follow these new FSMA federal guidelines (6), but all exempt commodities and for those producers exporting to foreign countries, GAPs may still be required. Both the mandatory PSR and GAPs aim to reduce the foodborne illness burden associated with produce.

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