Flash-flood hazard assessment using ensembles and Bayesian-based machine learning models: Application of the simulated annealing feature selection method

Feature selection is a crucial step in the conception of Machine Learning models, which is often performed via datadriven approaches that overlook the possibility of tapping into the human decision-making of the model’s designers and users. We present a human-in-the-loop framework that interacts with domain experts by collecting their feedback regarding the variables (of few samples) they evaluate as the most relevant for the task at hand. Such information can be modeled via Reinforcement Learning to derive a per-example feature selection method that tries to minimize the model’s loss function by focusing on the most pertinent variables from a human perspective. We report results on a proof-of-concept image classification dataset and on a real-world risk classification task in which the model successfully incorporated feedback from experts to improve its accuracy.

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An Improved Machine Learning-Based Employees Attrition Prediction Framework with Emphasis on Feature Selection

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9111226 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1226

Author(s):

Saeed Najafi-Zangeneh ◽

Naser Shams-Gharneh ◽

Ali Arjomandi-Nezhad ◽

Sarfaraz Hashemkhani Zolfani

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Feature Selection ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Analytical Formula ◽

Feature Selection Method ◽

Selection Method ◽

Performance Measure ◽

Learning Approaches ◽

Training Costs ◽

Professional Employees

Companies always seek ways to make their professional employees stay with them to reduce extra recruiting and training costs. Predicting whether a particular employee may leave or not will help the company to make preventive decisions. Unlike physical systems, human resource problems cannot be described by a scientific-analytical formula. Therefore, machine learning approaches are the best tools for this aim. This paper presents a three-stage (pre-processing, processing, post-processing) framework for attrition prediction. An IBM HR dataset is chosen as the case study. Since there are several features in the dataset, the “max-out” feature selection method is proposed for dimension reduction in the pre-processing stage. This method is implemented for the IBM HR dataset. The coefficient of each feature in the logistic regression model shows the importance of the feature in attrition prediction. The results show improvement in the F1-score performance measure due to the “max-out” feature selection method. Finally, the validity of parameters is checked by training the model for multiple bootstrap datasets. Then, the average and standard deviation of parameters are analyzed to check the confidence value of the model’s parameters and their stability. The small standard deviation of parameters indicates that the model is stable and is more likely to generalize well.

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Voice Feature Selection to Improve Performance of Machine Learning Models for Voice Production Inversion

Journal of Voice ◽

10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.03.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhaoyan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Feature Selection ◽

Learning Models ◽

Improve Performance ◽

Voice Production ◽

Machine Learning Models

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NIMG-46. RADIOGENOMIC FEATURES PREDICT CLINICALLY RELEVANT GENOME-WIDE ALTERATION SIGNATURES IN GLIOBLASTOMA

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.659 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. ii158-ii158

Author(s):

Nicholas Nuechterlein ◽

Beibin Li ◽

James Fink ◽

David Haynor ◽

Eric Holland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Feature Selection ◽

Molecular Subtypes ◽

Feature Selection Method ◽

Selection Method ◽

Versus Group ◽

Mri Features ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract BACKGROUND Previously, we have shown that combined whole-exome sequencing (WES) and genome-wide somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) information can separate IDH1/2-wildtype glioblastoma into two prognostic molecular subtypes (Group 1 and Group 2) and that these subtypes cannot be distinguished by epigenetic or clinical features. However, the potential for radiographic features to discriminate between these molecular subtypes has not been established. METHODS Radiogenomic features (n=35,400) were extracted from 46 multiparametric, pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of IDH1/2-wildtype glioblastoma patients from The Cancer Imaging Archive, all of whom have corresponding WES and SCNA data in The Cancer Genome Atlas. We developed a novel feature selection method that leverages the structure of extracted radiogenomic MRI features to mitigate the dimensionality challenge posed by the disparity between the number of features and patients in our cohort. Seven traditional machine learning classifiers were trained to distinguish Group 1 versus Group 2 using our feature selection method. Our feature selection was compared to lasso feature selection, recursive feature elimination, and variance thresholding. RESULTS We are able to classify Group 1 versus Group 2 glioblastomas with a cross-validated area under the curve (AUC) score of 0.82 using ridge logistic regression and our proposed feature selection method, which reduces the size of our feature set from 35,400 to 288. An interrogation of the selected features suggests that features describing contours in the T2 abnormality region on the FLAIR MRI modality may best distinguish these two groups from one another. CONCLUSIONS We successfully trained a machine learning model that allows for relevant targeted feature extraction from standard MRI to accurately predict molecularly-defined risk-stratifying IDH1/2-wildtype glioblastoma patient groups. This algorithm may be applied to future prospective studies to assess the utility of MRI as a surrogate for costly prognostic genomic studies.

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Radiogenomic modeling predicts survival-associated prognostic groups in glioblastoma

Neuro-Oncology Advances ◽

10.1093/noajnl/vdab004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas Nuechterlein ◽

Beibin Li ◽

Abdullah Feroze ◽

Eric C Holland ◽

Linda Shapiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Feature Selection ◽

Molecular Subtypes ◽

Feature Selection Method ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Selection Method ◽

Recursive Feature Elimination ◽

Signal Abnormality ◽

Mri Features ◽

Mri Scans

Abstract Background Combined whole-exome sequencing (WES) and somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) information can separate isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1/2-wildtype glioblastoma into two prognostic molecular subtypes, which cannot be distinguished by epigenetic or clinical features. The potential for radiographic features to discriminate between these molecular subtypes has yet to be established. Methods Radiologic features (n = 35 340) were extracted from 46 multisequence, pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of IDH1/2-wildtype glioblastoma patients from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA), all of whom have corresponding WES/SCNA data. We developed a novel feature selection method that leverages the structure of extracted MRI features to mitigate the dimensionality challenge posed by the disparity between a large number of features and the limited patients in our cohort. Six traditional machine learning classifiers were trained to distinguish molecular subtypes using our feature selection method, which was compared to least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) feature selection, recursive feature elimination, and variance thresholding. Results We were able to classify glioblastomas into two prognostic subgroups with a cross-validated area under the curve score of 0.80 (±0.03) using ridge logistic regression on the 15-dimensional principle component analysis (PCA) embedding of the features selected by our novel feature selection method. An interrogation of the selected features suggested that features describing contours in the T2 signal abnormality region on the T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI sequence may best distinguish these two groups from one another. Conclusions We successfully trained a machine learning model that allows for relevant targeted feature extraction from standard MRI to accurately predict molecularly-defined risk-stratifying IDH1/2-wildtype glioblastoma patient groups.

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A Novel Method for Performance Measurement of Public Educational Institutions Using Machine Learning Models

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11199296 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (19) ◽

pp. 9296

Author(s):

Talha Mahboob Alam ◽

Mubbashar Mushtaq ◽

Kamran Shaukat ◽

Ibrahim A. Hameed ◽

Muhammad Umer Sarwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Neural Networks ◽

Feature Selection ◽

Artificial Neural Networks ◽

Performance Indicators ◽

Key Performance Indicators ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Institutional Performance ◽

Learning Models ◽

Machine Learning Models

Lack of education is a major concern in underdeveloped countries because it leads to poor human and economic development. The level of education in public institutions varies across all regions around the globe. Current disparities in access to education worldwide are mostly due to systemic regional differences and the distribution of resources. Previous research focused on evaluating students’ academic performance, but less has been done to measure the performance of educational institutions. Key performance indicators for the evaluation of institutional performance differ from student performance indicators. There is a dire need to evaluate educational institutions’ performance based on their disparities and academic results on a large scale. This study proposes a model to measure institutional performance based on key performance indicators through data mining techniques. Various feature selection methods were used to extract the key performance indicators. Several machine learning models, namely, J48 decision tree, support vector machines, random forest, rotation forest, and artificial neural networks were employed to build an efficient model. The results of the study were based on different factors, i.e., the number of schools in a specific region, teachers, school locations, enrolment, and availability of necessary facilities that contribute to school performance. It was also observed that urban regions performed well compared to rural regions due to the improved availability of educational facilities and resources. The results showed that artificial neural networks outperformed other models and achieved an accuracy of 82.9% when the relief-F based feature selection method was used. This study will help support efforts in governance for performance monitoring, policy formulation, target-setting, evaluation, and reform to address the issues and challenges in education worldwide.

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