Effects of long-term fertilization on calcium-associated soil organic carbon: Implications for C sequestration in agricultural soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 145037
Author(s):  
Dan Wan ◽  
Mingkai Ma ◽  
Na Peng ◽  
Xuesong Luo ◽  
Wenli Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
C Sequestration

Soil organic carbon dynamics and sequestration potential in cropland-grassland agro-ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Guillaume ◽  
David Makowski ◽  
Zamir Libohova ◽  
Luca Bragazza ◽  
Sokrat Sinaj
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Sequestration Potential

<p>Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in agro-ecosystems enables to address simultaneously food security as well as climate change adaptation and mitigation. Croplands represent a great potential to sequester atmospheric C because they are depleted in SOC. Hence, reliable estimations of SOC deficits in agro-ecosystems are crucial to evaluate the C sequestration potential of agricultural soils and support management practices. Using a 30-year old soil monitoring networks with 250 sites established in western Switzerland, we identified factors driving the long-term SOC dynamics in croplands (CR) and permanent grasslands (PG) and quantified SOC deficit. A new relationship between the silt + clay (SC) soil particles and the C stored in the mineral-associated fraction (MAOMC) was established. We also tested the assumption about whether or not PG can be used as carbon-saturated reference sites. The C-deficit in CR constituted about a third of their potential SOC content and was mainly affected by the proportion of temporary grassland in the crop rotation. SOC accrual or loss were the highest in sites that experienced land-use change. The MAOMC level in PG depended on the C accrual history, indicating that C-saturation level was not coincidental. Accordingly, the relationship between MAOMC and SC to determine soil C-saturation should be estimated by boundary line analysis instead of least squares regressions. In conclusion, PG do provide an additional SOC storage capacity under optimal management, though the storage capacity is greater for CR.</p>

scholarly journals Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration after Biochar Application: A Global Meta-Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2474
Author(s):  
Arthur Gross ◽  
Tobias Bromm ◽  
Bruno Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Sequestration Potential

Biochar application to soil has the potential to sequester carbon in the long term because of its high stability and large-scale production potential. However, biochar technologies are still relatively new, and the global factors affecting the long-term fate of biochar in the environment are still poorly understood. To fill this important research gap, a global meta-analysis was conducted including 64 studies with 736 individual treatments. Field experiments covered experimental durations between 1 and 10 years with biochar application amounts between 1 and 100 Mg ha−1. They showed a mean increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks by 13.0 Mg ha−1 on average, corresponding to 29%. Pot and incubation experiments ranged between 1 and 1278 days and biochar amounts between 5 g kg−1 and 200 g kg−1. They raised SOC by 6.3 g kg−1 on average, corresponding to 75%. More SOC was accumulated in long experimental durations of >500 days in pot and incubation experiments and 6–10 years in field experiments than in shorter experimental durations. Organic fertilizer co-applications significantly further increased SOC. Biochar from plant material showed higher C sequestration potential than biochar from fecal matter, due to higher C/N ratio. SOC increases after biochar application were higher in medium to fine grain textured soils than in soils with coarse grain sizes. Our study clearly demonstrated the high C sequestration potential of biochar application to agricultural soils of varying site and soil characteristics.

scholarly journals Soil organic carbon fractionation and metagenomics pipeline to link carbon content and stability with microbial composition - First results investigating fungal endophytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Buss ◽  
Raghvendra Sharma ◽  
Scott Ferguson ◽  
Justin O Borevitz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Soil Carbon Formation

Society needs to capture gigatons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere annually and then store it long-term to limit and ultimately reverse the effects of climate change. Bringing lost carbon back into agricultural soils should be a priority as it brings the added benefit of improving soil properties. Linking soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions of different stability with soil microbial composition can help understand and subsequently manage SOC storage. Here we develop a pipeline for evaluating the effects of microbial management on SOC content using rapid and low-cost SOC fractionation and metagenomics approaches. We tested the methods in a wheat pot trial inoculated with 17 individual endophytic fungal isolates. Two fungi increased total SOC in the area under the plant stem by ~15%. The fractionation assay showed that the medium stability soil aggregate carbon fraction (AggC) was increased by one of these fungi (+21%) and the chemically recalcitrant proportion (bleach oxidation) of AggC by the other (+35%). Both fungi increased mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), the long-term SOC storage, by ~10%. We used rapid, portable, low-cost, whole metagenome long read sequencing to detect a shift in the microbial composition for one of the fungi-inoculated treatments. This treatment showed a more diverse microbial community and a higher quantity of DNA in soil. The results emphasise the link between composition and abundance of soil microorganisms with soil carbon formation. Our dual carbon fractional and metagenomic analysis pipeline can be used to further test the effects of microbial management and ultimately to model the soil factors that influence SOC storage, such as nutrient and water availability, starting SOC content, soil texture and aggregation.

Changes in soil organic carbon pool in three long-term fertility experiments with different cropping systems and inorganic and organic soil amendments in the eastern cereal belt of India

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhadip Ghosh ◽  
Brian R. Wilson ◽  
Biswapati Mandal ◽  
Subrata K. Ghoshal ◽  
Ivor Growns
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Soil organic carbon (SOC) constitutes a significant proportion of the terrestrial carbon (C) store and has a pivotal role in several physical, chemical, and biological soil processes that contribute to soil productivity and sustainability. Applications of inorganic and organic materials are management options that have the potential to increase SOC in agricultural systems. A study was conducted in 3 long-term fertility experiments (Barrackpur, Mohanpur, and Cuttack) on agricultural soils in the eastern cereal belt of India, to examine the effect of cultivation and the application of inorganic and organic amendments on total soil organic carbon (TOC) and on the proportions of soil C fractions at these sites. A supplementary aim of this study was to determine the suitability of the loss-on-ignition (LOI) method to routinely estimate SOC (Walkley and Black, WB) in this region by determining relationships and conversion factors between the WB and LOI techniques. Soil was sampled at 3 depths (0–0.15, 0.15–0.30, and 0.30–0.45 m) from 4 treatments (conventional cultivation, NPK, NPK+FYM, and fallow) of the experimental sites and analysed for TOC and various soil C pools. There were differences in the magnitude of TOC values among the sites. Conventional cultivation had the lowest TOC contents (148 t/ha) and NPK+FYM amended soils the largest (207 t/ha), with intermediate values in the other treatments. The non-labile or residual SOC fraction (Cfrac4) constituted the largest percentage of SOC under all treatments and varied from 35–49%. A higher proportion of the labile Cfrac1 fraction was observed under the fallow, whereas the proportion of Cfrac4 was significantly larger under NPK+FYM. There was a significant decrease in SOC with increasing soil depth. SOC decreased up to 17% at 0.15–0.30 m and declined a further 21% at 0.30–0.45 m. The more labile C fractions (Cfrac1, Cfrac2, Cfrac3) dominated in the near surface soil layers, but decreased significantly in the deeper layers to be dominated by Cfrac4 at 0.30–0.45 m depth. We also observed a strong correlation between the WB and LOI methods (calibrated for each soil) irrespective of soil depths and conclude that this might be a suitable method to estimate SOC where other techniques are not available. We conclude that fertiliser application and especially manure application have the potential to significantly increase SOC in agricultural soils.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis on how manure application changes soil organic carbon storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Gross ◽  
Bruno Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Additional Mineral ◽  
Soc Stocks

AbstractManure application to agricultural soils is widely considered as a source of nutrients and a method of maintaining levels of soil organic carbon (SOC) to mitigate climate change. At present, it is still unclear which factors are responsible for the SOC stock dynamics. Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between SOC stock changes and site characteristics, soil properties, experiment characteristics and manure characteristics. Overall, we included 101 studies with a total of 592 treatments. On average, the application of manure on agricultural soils increased SOC stocks by 35.4%, corresponding to 10.7 Mg ha−1. Manure applications in conventional tillage systems led to higher SOC stocks (+ 2.2 Mg ha−1) than applications under reduced tillage. Soil organic carbon increase upon manure application was higher in soils under non-tropical climate conditions (+ 2.7 Mg ha−1) compared to soils under sub-tropical climate. Larger SOC increases after manure application were achieved in intermediate and shallow topsoils (in 0–15 cm by 9.5 Mg ha−1 and in 16–20 cm by 13.6 Mg ha−1), but SOC stocks were also increased in deeper soils (> 20 cm 4.6 Mg ha−1), regardless of the tillage intensity. The highest relative SOC increase (+ 48%) was achieved if the initial SOC was below 1% but the absolute SOC increased with increasing initial SOC. Clay soils showed higher SOC increase rates compared to sandy soils (+ 3.1 Mg ha−1). Acidic soils showed comparable relative effects but a higher stock difference than neutral (+ 5.1 Mg ha−1) and alkaline soils (+ 5.1 Mg ha−1). The application of farmyard-, cattle- and pig manure showed the highest SOC increases (50%, 32% and 41%, respectively), while green manure and straw showed only minor effects. If manure applications were combined with additional mineral fertilizer, the SOC increases were higher (+ 1.7 Mg ha−1) compared to manure alone. Higher applied amounts generally led to higher SOC stocks. However the annually applied amount is only important under conventional tillage, non-tropical climate conditions, and pH-neutral as well as SOC-rich or SOC-depleted soils and if no additional mineral fertilization is applied. Further studies should focus on the SOC dynamics under tropical climate conditions and factors influencing a potential carbon saturation. In both cases, the number of data was too small. For this reason, additional field studies should be conducted primarily in the tropics. On the other hand, long-term field trials should be re-assessed or newly established to specifically investigate potential saturation effects and long-term (> 20 years) fertilizer effects and carbon sequestration.

scholarly journals Effect of Long-Term Soil Management Practices on Tree Growth, Yield and Soil Biodiversity in a High-Density Olive Agro-Ecosystem

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Sauro Simoni ◽  
Giovanni Caruso ◽  
Nadia Vignozzi ◽  
Riccardo Gucci ◽  
Giuseppe Valboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Canopy Effect ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Pools

Edaphic arthropod communities provide valuable information about the prevailing status of soil quality to improve the functionality and long-term sustainability of soil management. The study aimed at evaluating the effect of plant and grass cover on the functional biodiversity and soil characteristics in a mature olive orchard (Olea europaea L.) managed for ten years by two conservation soil managements: natural grass cover (NC) and conservation tillage (CT). The trees under CT grew and yielded more than those under NC during the period of increasing yields (years 4–7) but not when they reached full production. Soil management did not affect the tree root density. Collecting samples underneath the canopy (UC) and in the inter-row space (IR), the edaphic environment was characterized by soil structure, hydrological properties, the concentration and storage of soil organic carbon pools and the distribution of microarthropod communities. The soil organic carbon pools (total and humified) were negatively affected by minimum tillage in IR, but not UC, without a loss in fruit and oil yield. The assemblages of microarthropods benefited, firstly, from the grass cover, secondly, from the canopy effect, and thirdly, from a soil structure ensuring a high air capacity and water storage. Feeding functional groups—hemiedaphic macrosaprophages, polyphages and predators—resulted in selecting the ecotonal microenvironment between the surface and edaphic habitat.

scholarly journals Effects of Management and Hillside Position on Soil Organic Carbon Stratification in Mediterranean Centenary Olive Grove

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Jesús Aguilera-Huertas ◽  
Beatriz Lozano-García ◽  
Manuel González-Rosado ◽  
Luis Parras-Alcántara
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Olive Grove ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Degradation Degree

The short- and medium—long-term effects of management and hillside position on soil organic carbon (SOC) changes were studied in a centenary Mediterranean rainfed olive grove. One way to measure these changes is to analyze the soil quality, as it assesses soil degradation degree and attempts to identify management practices for sustainable soil use. In this context, the SOC stratification index (SR-COS) is one of the best indicators of soil quality to assess the degradation degree from SOC content without analyzing other soil properties. The SR-SOC was calculated in soil profiles (horizon-by-horizon) to identify the best soil management practices for sustainable use. The following time periods and soil management combinations were tested: (i) in the medium‒long-term (17 years) from conventional tillage (CT) to no-tillage (NT), (ii) in the short-term (2 years) from CT to no-tillage with cover crops (NT-CC), and (iii) the effect in the short-term (from CT to NT-CC) of different topographic positions along a hillside. The results indicate that the SR-SOC increased with depth for all management practices. The SR-SOC ranged from 1.21 to 1.73 in CT0, from 1.48 to 3.01 in CT1, from 1.15 to 2.48 in CT2, from 1.22 to 2.39 in NT-CC and from 0.98 to 4.16 in NT; therefore, the soil quality from the SR-SOC index was not directly linked to the increase or loss of SOC along the soil profile. This demonstrates the time-variability of SR-SOC and that NT improves soil quality in the long-term.

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