The impact of different types of high surface area brush fibers with different electrical conductivity and biocompatibility on the rates of methane generation in anaerobic digestion

2021 ◽  
pp. 147683
Author(s):  
Gahyun Baek ◽  
Ruggero Rossi ◽  
Pascal E. Saikaly ◽  
Bruce E. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Methane Generation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Structural differences between Sb- and Nb-doped tin oxides and consequences for electrical conductivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 2655-2660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Oakton ◽  
Jérémy Tillier ◽  
Georges Siddiqi ◽  
Zlatko Mickovic ◽  
Olha Sereda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Tin Oxides ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Co Precipitation

High surface area Nb and Sb-doped tin oxides are prepared by co-precipitation. The differences in conductivity are rationalised using HT-XRD, SSNMR and Nb K-edge XANES characterisation.

scholarly journals In-Situ Synthesis of Nb2O5/g-C3N4 Heterostructures as Highly Efficient Photocatalysts for Molecular H2 Evolution under Solar Illumination

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faryal Idrees ◽  
Ralf Dillert ◽  
Detlef Bahnemann ◽  
Faheem Butt ◽  
Muhammad Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Charge Carrier ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Photogenerated Electron ◽  
Band Alignment ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
The Impact

This work focuses on the synthesis of heterostructures with compatible band positions and a favourable surface area for the efficient photocatalytic production of molecular hydrogen (H2). In particular, 3-dimensional Nb2O5/g-C3N4 heterostructures with suitable band positions and high surface area have been synthesized employing a hydrothermal method. The combination of a Nb2O5 with a low charge carrier recombination rate and a g-C3N4 exhibiting high visible light absorption resulted in remarkable photocatalytic activity under simulated solar irradiation in the presence of various hole scavengers (triethanolamine (TEOA) and methanol). The following aspects of the novel material have been studied systematically: the influence of different molar ratios of Nb2O5 to g-C3N4 on the heterostructure properties, the role of the employed hole scavengers, and the impact of the co-catalyst and the charge carrier densities affecting the band alignment. The separation/transfer efficiency of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs is found to increase significantly as compared to that of pure Nb2O5 and g-C3N4, respectively, with the highest molecular H2 production of 110 mmol/g·h being obtained for 10 wt % of g-C3N4 over Nb2O5 as compared with that of g-C3N4 (33.46 mmol/g·h) and Nb2O5 (41.20 mmol/g·h). This enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to a sufficient interfacial interaction thus favouring the fast photogeneration of electron-hole pairs at the Nb2O5/g-C3N4 interface through a direct Z-scheme.

scholarly journals High-Sensitive Sensor of Dopamine Based on Photoluminescence Quenching of Hierarchical CdS Spherical Aggregates

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binjie Sun ◽  
Changzheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Photoluminescence Properties ◽  
Photoluminescence Quenching ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sensitive Sensor

Hierarchical CdS spherical aggregates have been fabricated by an assembling strategy starting from nanoparticles, which opens a general way to obtain hierarchical spherical aggregates of different types of materials. The hierarchical CdS spherical aggregates are of high porosity and high surface area, which give rise to unique photoluminescence properties. The desirable properties we report here will spur further developments of novel dopamine photoluminescence sensors based on the high surface area hierarchical CdS spherical aggregates fabricated with our unique assembling strategy. The novel dopamine photoluminescence sensor has a low detection limit of1.0×10−8 M, which is much lower than those reported previously.

Monolithic three-dimensional graphene frameworks derived from inexpensive graphite paper as advanced anodes for microbial fuel cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (17) ◽  
pp. 6342-6349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiqiong Chen ◽  
Yinxiang Zeng ◽  
Yitong Zhao ◽  
Minghao Yu ◽  
Faliang Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Macroporous Structure

Three dimensional graphene-based frameworks (3DGFs) hold great promise for microbial fuel cells (MFCs) due to their macroporous structure, outstanding electrical conductivity, high surface area and prominent biocompatibility.

The Effect of Surfactant Extraction Method on Pore Characteristics of Mesoporous Carbonated Hydroxyapatite

2013 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Farahiyah Mohammad ◽  
Radzali Othman ◽  
Fei Yee Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Pore Characteristics ◽  
Carbonated Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Surfactant Removal

Incorporated with pore sizes of 2-50 nm, CHA was found to be a promising drug delivery agent for disease treatment and could be a carrier for different types of proteins. A desired drug delivery system should consist of an ordered pore network, optimum pore size, and volume, as well as a high surface area, to allow a high drug adsorption rate, controllable drug loading, and release. However, until now, most results are still not up to expectation; since the BET surface area and pore volume obtained has been rather low, compared to the existing mesoporous silica. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of surfactant washing on the pore characteristics and the importance of this step in the synthesis process of mesoporous carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA). In this study, mesostructured CHA particles were prepared, via a self-assembly mechanism, between CHA and non-ionic surfactant (P123), using the co-precipitation synthesis method. The synthesized mesoporous CHA samples were washed five times using different types of solvents for surfactant removal. A sphere-like particle shape of CHA was observed under SEM for all samples; regardless of the type of solvent used. The formation of CHA was confirmed by FTIR analysis, where the carbonate ion peaks were observed in the spectrums. It was found that the mesoporous CHA with a high surface area was synthesized when high polarity solvents were used during surfactant washing. These results imply that high surface area mesoporous CHA can be obtained through surfactant washing, without applying calcination for surfactant removal, which may change the structure of the CHA during heat treatment.

A Flow Visualization Study of the Jet Dynamics in a Round Jet Impinging on a Foamed Aluminum Porous Media

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth DiBella ◽  
Ian Azeredo ◽  
Ravi Yakkatelli ◽  
Amy Fleischer
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Aluminum Foams ◽  
Impact Surface ◽  
The Impact

The high surface area of foamed metals makes them an attractive choice for impingement heat sinks. If the jet can effectively penetrate the foam, the high surface area will lead to enhanced thermal performance. However, if the jet fails to effectively penetrate the foam, the surface enhancement effect will be reduced. Previous studies have suggested that for high density foams, the jet does not effectively penetrate the foam and under certain flow conditions may in fact deflect off the foam. In this study, the flow dynamics of round jets impinging on both aluminum foams and solid cubes are studied using smoke wire visualization to identify the effects of Reynolds number and jet exit to surface spacing. The differences in the impinging jet dynamics between the foams and the solid cubes are identified. It is found that the penetration of the impinging flow into the porous media is significantly affected by permeability. As permeability decreases, flow deflection off the impact surface of the foam increases, approaching the fluid dynamics behavior of impact on a solid cube. The jet-exit-to-surface spacing and Reynolds number are also found to significantly affect the flow dynamics.

Pore Characteristics of Mesoporous Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Synthesised with Different Nonionic Surfactant and Carbonate Concentration

2015 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Farahiyah Mohammad ◽  
Radzali Othman ◽  
Fei Yee Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Pore Characteristics ◽  
Pore Characteristic ◽  
Carbonate Concentration ◽  
Different Types

Mesoporous carbonated hydroxypatite (CHA) is a promising drug delivery agent for disease treatment and could be a carrier for different types of drugs and antibiotics. It is still a challenge to introduce pores to carry drugs within the mesoporous CHA and obtain high surface area nanoparticles. This study investigates the effect of different types of nonionic surfactant and carbonate concentration on the pore characteristic of mesoporous CHA. Mesoporous CHA is synthesised through the coprecipitation technique using nonionic surfactants as pore templates i.e., P123 and F127 with different carbonate concentration. The axial view of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images shows the pores formed within the particles are distributed randomly, while the parallel view demonstrates that nanopore channels are developed within the CHA particles. Nitrogen adsorption analysis provides the surface area and Pore Size Distribution (PSD) of the nanoparticles. The PSD shows that CHA synthesis with P123 and F127 has similar pore size, around 28.9 nm, but different surface area. The results confirm the different types of surfactant templates has a positive effect on the pore characteristic, while carbonate precursor concentration does not significantly change surface area and pore size.

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