Detecting crop water requirement indicators in irrigated agroecosystems from soil water content profiles: An application for a citrus orchard

2021 ◽  
pp. 150492
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Segovia-Cardozo ◽  
Loris Franco ◽  
Giuseppe Provenzano
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Crop Water Requirement ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Citrus Orchard

Detecting crop water requirements indicators in irrigated agro-ecosystems from soil water content profiles: an application for a citrus orchard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Provenzano ◽  
Daniel Alberto Segovia-Cardozo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Citrus Orchard

<p>For annual cropping systems sensitive to water stress, such as citrus, efficient water management can allow facing their large water consumption and enhancing crop sustainability. However, to apply water-saving strategies it is necessary to monitoring soil and/or plant water status. In the last decade, a wide number of sensors providing indirect measurements of volumetric soil water content based on soil physical properties, such as dielectric permittivity or matric potential, have been developed. Among the sensors using the frequency domain reflectometry technique, the “drill and drop” (Sentek, Inc., Stepney, Australia) multi-sensor probes allow continuous acquisition of soil moisture dynamic every 10 cm starting from the soil surface; these data hide important information on root water uptake and actual crop evapotranspiration.</p><p>The objective of the paper was to analyze the temporal dynamics of soil water content profiles detected with multi-sensor probes during three years of field observations (July 2017- August 2020) in a citrus orchard, to estimate root water uptake and crop transpiration by three methodologies. Simultaneous measurements of sap fluxes and climate variables also allowed estimating the basal crop coefficient, K<sub>cb</sub>, often considered for estimating crop water requirement.</p><p>The experiments were carried out in a 30 years-old citrus orchard (C. reticulata Blanco cv. Tardivo di Ciaculli) with trees spaced 5.0x5.0 m. The field is irrigated with a subsurface drip system installed in 2018, with two lateral pipes per plant row at 30 depth and distance of 1.1 m from the trunk. Integrated sensing methodologies supported by the Internet of Things and cloud computing technologies (Agrinet/Tuctronics, Walla Walla, WA, USA), linked with a suitable communication infrastructure, were used to acquire continuously, in real-time and from remote soil water contents and climate variables. Four soil moisture profiles corresponding to as many plants were monitored with 120 cm long drill and drop sensors installed at a distance of 30 cm from one emitter. A standard weather station (Spectrum Technologies, Inc) was also installed to acquire, once every half hour, wind speed and direction at 2 m height, solar radiation, air temperature, relative air humidity and precipitation. In both years, sap fluxes were also measured hourly on two citrus trees, by using two Granier’s thermal dissipation probes (TDP) per tree. Each hour, the difference of temperature between the upper heated and lower un-heated needles, combined with the temperature difference at night allowed to estimate the sap velocity and then the hourly sap fluxes.</p><p>The analysis evidenced the characteristic declines of soil water content after rainfall events, from which it was possible verifying that the hourly dynamic of root water uptake followed that of the corresponding sap flow sensors. Moreover, the knowledge of daily root water uptake, associated with the simultaneous values of reference evapotranspiration allowed obtaining suitable estimations of the basal crop coefficient. The proposed approach provided interesting insights into the dynamic of root water uptake of citrus trees and can represent a promising tool for precise irrigation scheduling.</p>

scholarly journals Estimate Cotton Water Consumption from Shallow Groundwater under Different Irrigation Schedules

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Guohua Zhang ◽  
Xinhu Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Groundwater Depth ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Consumption

Shallow groundwater is considered an important water resource to meet crop irrigation demands. However, limited information is available on the application of models to investigate the impact of irrigation schedules on shallow groundwater depth and estimate evaporation while considering the interaction between meteorological factors and the surface soil water content (SWC). Based on the Richards equation, we develop a model to simultaneously estimate crop water consumption of shallow groundwater and determine the optimal irrigation schedule in association with a shallow groundwater depth. A new soil evaporation function was established, and the control factors were calculated by using only the days after sowing. In this study, two irrigation scheduling methods were considered. In Method A, irrigation was managed based on the soil water content; in Method B, irrigation was based on the crop water demand. In comparison with Method B, Method A was more rational because it could use more groundwater, and the ratio of soil evaporation to total evapotranspiration was low. In this model, the interaction between meteorological factors and the SWC was considered to better reflect the real condition; therefore, the model provided a better way to estimate the crop water consumption.

scholarly journals Processing Soil Water Content Measurements to Estimate Crop Water Requirements and Optimize Irrigation Supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (23) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
F. Karam ◽  
A. Mouneimne ◽  
F. Aichouche ◽  
A. Rapaport ◽  
J. Harmand
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Water Requirements ◽  
Irrigation Supply

scholarly journals Predicting Soil Water Content on Rainfed Maize through Aerial Thermal Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 942-953
Author(s):  
Matheus Gabriel Acorsi ◽  
Leandro Maria Gimenez
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Soil Water Status ◽  
Physical Attributes

Restrictions on soil water supply can dramatically reduce crop yields by affecting the growth and development of plants. For this reason, screening tools that can detect crop water stress early have been long investigated, with canopy temperature (CT) being widely used for this purpose. In this study, we investigated the relationship between canopy temperature retrieved from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) based thermal imagery with soil and plant attributes, using a rainfed maize field as the area of study. The flight mission was conducted during the late vegetative stage and at solar noon, when a considerable soil water deficit was detected according to the soil water balance model used. While the images were being taken, soil sampling was conducted to determine the soil water content across the field. The sampling results demonstrated the spatial variability of soil water status, with soil volumetric water content (SVWC) presenting 10.4% of variation and values close to the permanent wilting point (PWP), reflecting CT readings that ranged from 32.8 to 40.6 °C among the sampling locations. Although CT correlated well with many of the physical attributes of soil that are related to water dynamics, the simple linear regression between CT and soil water content variables yielded coefficients of determination (R2) = 0.42, indicating that CT alone might not be sufficient to predict soil water status. Nonetheless, when CT was combined with some soil physical attributes in a multiple linear regression, the prediction capacity was significantly increased, achieving an R2 value = 0.88. This result indicates the potential use of CT along with certain soil physical variables to predict crop water status, making it a useful tool for studies exploring the spatial variability of in-season drought stress.

Simulation of crop production in weed-infested fields for data-scarce regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 1026-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. VAN GAELEN ◽  
N. DELBECQUE ◽  
B. ABRHA ◽  
A. TSEGAY ◽  
D. RAES
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Productivity ◽  
Aquacrop Model ◽  
Weed Infestation

SUMMARYWeed infestation is a major yield-reducing factor that also decreases crop water productivity. Yet weeds are often neglected in crop productivity simulation studies, because existing empirical equations and mechanistic models are not widely applicable or have a high demand for input data and calibration. For that reason, AquaCrop, a widely applicable crop water productivity model, was expanded with a weed management module which requires only two easily obtainable input variables: (i) relative leaf cover of weeds, and (ii) weed-induced increase of total canopy cover. Using these inputs, AquaCrop directly simulates soil water content, crop canopy development and production as it is observed in weed-infested fields. Despite this simple approach, AquaCrop performed well to simulate soil water content in the root zone (relative root-mean-square error (RRMSE) of 5–13%), canopy cover (RRMSE of 15–22%), dry above-ground crop biomass during the season (RRMSE of 21–39%) and at maturity (RRMSE of 5–6%) and yield (RRMSE of 11–25%) of barley and wheat grown under different weed infestation levels and environments. The current study illustrates that the AquaCrop model can be used to assess the effect of weed infestation on crop growth and production, using a simple approach that is applicable to diverse environmental and agronomic conditions, even in data-scarce regions.

Rooting depth of wheat in the Victorian Mallee

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Incerti ◽  
GJ O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Use Efficiency

In 1986 and 1987 wheat was sown in an experiment at the Mallee Research Station, Walpeup, at 2 times of sowing and with 3 rates of applied nitrogen. Soil cores were taken and trenches excavated to 1.5 m to measure wheat root growth and depth of rooting. Wheat roots penetrated to a maximum depth of 104 cm in crops sown in May, the optimum time of sowing for maximum yield, while delayed sowing reduced total root biomass and limited rooting depth to 73-83 cm. The application of nitrogen fertiliser did not affect either the rooting depth or growth and yield. Significant changes in total soil water content between sowing and harvest only occurred in 1987 with the early and late sown crops reducing the total soil water content by 47 and 99 mm respectively. In 1986, above average rainfall during the growing season caused the early sown crop to accumulate more water below 50 cm than the late sown crop. While total water use was increased only in 1986 with early sowing, crop water use efficiency and yield was greater in both years. The addition of nitrogen had no effect on crop water use or water use efficiency. A survey of wheat crops carried out in 1988 on 10 Mallee farms also found that shallow rooting is widespead. The field experiment and survey data show that, irrespective of sowing time, roots did not penetrate as far down the profile as might be expected, given reported rooting depths commonly in excess of 200 cm on similarly textured soils. This was shown to be associated with high soil pH and salt content. Poor rooting depth of wheat in this environment will restrict the use of stored water and accordingly, calls the practice of fallowing into question.

SOIL WATER CONTENT AFFECTS THE AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHATE

1985 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
M.C.H.Mouat Pieter Nes
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Equivalent Reduction

Reduction in water content of a soil increased the concentration of ammonium and nitrate in solution, but had no effect on the concentration of phosphate. The corresponding reduction in the quantity of phosphate in solution caused an equivalent reduction in the response of ryegrass to applied phosphate. Keywords: soil solution, soil water content, phosphate, ryegrass, nutrition.

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