Comparison of POCIS and grab sampling techniques for monitoring PPCPs in vernal pools in central Pennsylvania

Digestibility trials enable researchers to determine the amount of nutrients an animal absorbs and utilises from feed. There are a number of methods available, with the most common being the measurement of total feed intake and total collection of faeces. However, in situations where it is not practical to conduct a total collection trial, indigestible markers are used in conjunction with grab-sampling or sub-sampling techniques. To date, the most common marker used in dog studies has been chromium oxide (Cr2O3; Hill et al., 1996), with little data available on the suitability of other markers such as titanium dioxide (TiO2). A major problem in using Cr2O3 as an indigestible marker is poor repeatability and agreement between laboratories in the determination of Cr2O3. This has led to variable results due to incomplete and inconsistent recovery in excreta (Sales and Janssens, 2003). However work on other species comparing the use of TiO2 and Cr2O3, has demonstrated that TiO2 was a more accurate marker (Jagger et al., 1992). This study was performed to determine the digestibility of two diets, a low (LN) and a high nutrient (HN) diet using TiO2 or Cr2O3 as indigestible markers. The two different quality diets were used to investigate if digestibility affected marker recovery.

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Animal:sediment relationships in coastal deposits of the eastern English Channel

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315401003344 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

R.C. Newell ◽

L.J. Seiderer ◽

J.E. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Sampling Techniques ◽

English Channel ◽

Sediment Composition ◽

Grab Sampling ◽

Sediment Types ◽

Unconsolidated Sand ◽

Under Sampling ◽

Coastal Deposits ◽

Sand And Gravel ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between sediment composition and biological community structure in mixed sands and gravel deposits of the eastern English Channel. Although some species are clearly associated with particular sediment types, the results confirm the lack of correspondence between community composition of the benthos and particle size distribution in unconsolidated sand and gravel deposits. The results also suggest that sample-to-sample variability commonly recorded in the species composition of macrofauna may reflect significant under-sampling by conventional grab sampling techniques. The implications of this for environmental monitoring and impact studies is discussed.

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Monitoring and Modelling of Butyltin Compounds in Finnish Inland Lake

10.21203/rs.3.rs-968917/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Heidi Ahkola ◽

Janne Juntunen ◽

Kirsti Krogerus ◽

Timo Huttula

Keyword(s):

Passive Sampling ◽

Computational Modelling ◽

Passive Samplers ◽

Extreme Value Analysis ◽

Sampling Techniques ◽

Grab Sampling ◽

Value Analysis ◽

Wood Processing ◽

Inland Lake ◽

Butyltin Compounds

Abstract Butyltin compounds (BTCs) in surface waters is seldom studied due to their low concentrations and limitations of analytical techniques. In this study we measured total concentration of BTCs with grab water sampling, dissolved concentration with passive samplers and particle bound fraction with sedimentation traps in Finnish inland lake. The sampling was conducted from May to September during two study years. The differences between sampling techniques and the concentrations were obvious. E.g. tributyltin (TBT) was detected only in 4-24 % of the grab samples when the detection with passive samplers was 93% and with sedimentation traps 50%. The dissolved BTC concentrations measured with grab and passive sampling suggested hydrological differences between the study years. This was confirmed with flow velocity measurements. However, the annual difference was not observed in BTC concentrations of settled particle.The extreme value analysis suggested that grab sampling and sedimentation trap sampling results contain more extreme peak values than passive sampling. This indicates that BTCs are present in surface water in trace concentrations despite they are not detected with all the sampling techniques. The assumption that WWTP, located in the study area, was the source of BTCs was not valid as elevated BTC concentrations were detected also at the reference site, located upstream of WWTP. Computational modelling and back tracking simulations also supported the concept that WWTP cannot be the only source but BTCs can come even from upstream of the sampling area where there is e.g. wood processing industry.

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Monitoring airborne molecular contamination: a quantitative and qualitative comparison of real-time and grab-sampling techniques

10.1117/12.707776 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Aaron M. Shupp ◽

Dan Rodier ◽

Steven Rowley

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Sampling Techniques ◽

Qualitative Comparison ◽

Grab Sampling

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Combining hydroacoustic seabed survey and grab sampling techniques to assess “local” sandeel population abundance

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsp292 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 971-984 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Simon P. R. Greenstreet ◽

Gayle J. Holland ◽

Emma J. Guirey ◽

Eric Armstrong ◽

Helen M. Fraser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sampling Techniques ◽

Population Abundance ◽

Grab Sampling ◽

The North ◽

Point Estimates ◽

Top Predators ◽

The North Sea ◽

Overwintering Mortality ◽

The Impact ◽

Sediment Preference

Abstract Greenstreet, S. P. R., Holland, G. J., Guirey, E. J., Armstrong, E., Fraser, H. M., and Gibb, I. M. 2010. Combining hydroacoustic seabed survey and grab sampling techniques to assess “local” sandeel population abundance. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 971–984. Sandeels (Ammodytes marinus) are a critical prey of many top predators in the North Sea, and have also been the target of a major industrial fishery. To quantify resource allocation between competing predators, and between natural predators and fishers, and to assess the impact of each source of mortality on sandeel population dynamics, estimates of the absolute abundance of sandeels at the spatial scale at which these interactions take place are required. In this study, hydroacoustic seabed survey and nocturnal grab surveys are combined to examine variation in the abundance of sandeels at a sandbank complex off southeast Scotland. Grab surveys provide point estimates of sandeel density and sediment composition data, which are used to define sandeel sediment preference categories. The total area of each sandeel sediment preference category is determined by hydroacoustic seabed survey. Sandeel population abundance recovered immediately following the closure of the sandeel fishery. However, simply closing the fishery was not sufficient to maintain the size of the local sandeel stock; the population is also highly dependent on good recruitment. We demonstrate how this combination of techniques might be used to examine variation in overwintering mortality rates in sandeels.

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Standardless EDXRF Analysis of Cations in Ion-Exchange Resin-Impregnated Membranes

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s037603080002125x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 153-163

Author(s):

James R. Bogert ◽

Jack M. Kibler ◽

Jack K. Schmotzer

Keyword(s):

Exchange Resin ◽

Pure Water ◽

Ion Exchange Resin ◽

Corrosion Products ◽

Sampling Techniques ◽

Boiler Tube ◽

Grab Sampling ◽

System A ◽

Edxrf Analysis ◽

On Line

In steam-generating systems of all types, producing and testing pure water is of utmost importance for the life of the system. A 1000-MWe (megawatt electric) power plant generates 6 million pounds of steam per hour if fossil fueled and 11 million pounds per hour if nuclear. Should an impurity have a concentration of only 10 ppb, in a year's time, 550 to 1000 pounds of solids can accumulate in the power-generating cycle. These solids may initiate numerous problems, including preboiler-cycle corrosion, boiler-tube failure, and turbine damage.At the Babcock & Wilcox (B&W) Alliance (Ohio) Research Center and throughout the industry, three principal methods are used to monitor water chemistry. On-line continuous analyzers measure parameters such as pH, conductivity, chloride, and sodium. Grab sampling (followed by laboratory analysis) is used for parameters that are measured less frequently; for example, sulfate. For some parameters, such as corrosion products, special sampling techniques are required. This is because no on-line instruments are available, and grab-samples are not chemically stable. Corrosion products are collected near the sample tap using a 0.45-micron filter-disc followed by a stack of resin-impregnated membranes.

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PERIGLACIAL LEGACY OF VERNAL POOLS IN THE RIDGE AND VALLEY PROVINCE OF CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA

10.1130/abs/2017ne-291488 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Timothy S. White ◽

◽

Taylor Blackman

Keyword(s):

Vernal Pools ◽

Central Pennsylvania ◽

Ridge And Valley

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PRESENCE AND PREVALENCE OF BD (BATRACHOCHYTRIUM DENDROBATIDIS) IN CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIAN WOODLAND VERNAL POOLS

Journal of North American Herpetology ◽

10.17161/jnah.vi1.11912 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 11-14

Author(s):

Kristen S. Coury ◽

Brennan A. Neal ◽

Michael J. Shin ◽

Erik D. Lindquist

Keyword(s):

Ambient Temperature ◽

Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽

Vernal Pools ◽

Amphibian Declines ◽

Late Winter ◽

Chytrid Fungus ◽

Migration Timing ◽

Anuran Species ◽

Central Pennsylvania ◽

Woodland Vernal Pools

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a virulent chytrid fungus responsible for dramatic amphibian declines, has been detected in the northwestern and southeastern regions of Pennsylvania. However, little environmental Bd testing has been performed in central Pennsylvania, particularly in the unique and speciose habitats of woodland vernal pools. Our study included sampling in four vernal pools over a period of three months during amphibian breeding periods. Skin swabs were taken from three caudate and two anuran species, during the course of late winter and spring migrations (n = 143). Low Bd zoospore equivalent loads were detected in only a few individuals, in three of the five species but in all four vernal pools sampled. No significant trends were seen between zoospore loads and ambient temperature or migration timing across the species sampled.

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