Extracellular vesicles released by adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells from obese pigs fail to repair the injured kidney

Adipose tissue represents an abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for therapeutic purposes. Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potential of adipose tissue-derived MSC (ASC). Extracellular vesicles (EV) present in the conditioned medium (CM) have been shown to mediate the cytoprotective effects of human ASC secretome. Nevertheless, the role of EV in the anti-inflammatory effects of mouse-derived ASC is not known. The current study has investigated the influence of mouse-derived ASC CM and its fractions on the response of mouse-derived peritoneal macrophages against lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CM and its soluble fraction reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adenosine triphosphate and nitric oxide in stimulated cells. They also enhanced the migration of neutrophils or monocytes, in the absence or presence of LPS, respectively, which is likely related to the presence of chemokines, and reduced the phagocytic response. The anti-inflammatory effect of CM may be dependent on the regulation of toll-like receptor 4 expression and nuclear factor-κB activation. Our results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of mouse-derived ASC secretome in mouse-derived peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS and show that they are not mediated by EV.

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Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: Tissue Localization, Characterization, and Heterogeneity

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2012/812693 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 201

Author(s):

Patrick C. Baer ◽

Helmut Geiger

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

High Plasticity ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Tissue Localization ◽

Stromal Stem Cells

Adipose tissue as a stem cell source is ubiquitously available and has several advantages compared to other sources. It is easily accessible in large quantities with minimal invasive harvesting procedure, and isolation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) yields a high amount of stem cells, which is essential for stem-cell-based therapies and tissue engineering. Several studies have provided evidence that ASCs in situ reside in a perivascular niche, whereas the exact localization of ASCs in native adipose tissue is still under debate. ASCs are isolated by their capacity to adhere to plastic. Nevertheless, recent isolation and culture techniques lack standardization. Cultured cells are characterized by their expression of characteristic markers and their capacity to differentiate into cells from meso-, ecto-, and entodermal lineages. ASCs possess a high plasticity and differentiate into various cell types, including adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, hepatocytes, neural cells, and endothelial and epithelial cells. Nevertheless, recent studies suggest that ASCs are a heterogeneous mixture of cells containing subpopulations of stem and more committed progenitor cells. This paper summarizes and discusses the current knowledge of the tissue localization of ASCs in situ, their characterization and heterogeneityin vitro, and the lack of standardization in isolation and culture methods.

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Human Obesity Induces Dysfunction and Early Senescence in Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.3389/fcell.2020.00197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sabena M. Conley ◽

LaTonya J. Hickson ◽

Todd A. Kellogg ◽

Travis McKenzie ◽

Julie K. Heimbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Human Obesity ◽

Stromal Stem Cells

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Cryopreserved Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells: Potential for Applications in Clinic and Therapy

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - Biobanking and Cryopreservation of Stem Cells ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-45457-3_11 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 137-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Fabiana Zanata ◽

Shahensha Shaik ◽

Ram V. Devireddy ◽

Xiying Wu ◽

Lydia Masako Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Stromal Stem Cells

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Isolation, Characterization, Differentiation and Immunomodulatory Capacity of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells from Human Perirenal Adipose Tissue

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells8111346 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1346 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Baer ◽

Koch ◽

Hickmann ◽

Schubert ◽

Cinatl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Lipoteichoic Acid ◽

Differentiation Potential ◽

Perivascular Niche ◽

Perirenal Adipose Tissue ◽

Multipotent Cells ◽

Stromal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are immature multipotent cells, which represent a rare population in the perivascular niche within nearly all tissues. The most abundant source to isolate MSCs is adipose tissue. Currently, perirenal adipose tissue is rarely described as the source of MSCs. MSCs were isolated from perirenal adipose tissue (prASCs) from patients undergoing tumor nephrectomies, cultured and characterized by flow cytometry and their differentiation potential into adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts and epithelial cells. Furthermore, prASCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) or a mixture of cytokines (cytomix). In addition, prASC susceptibility to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was investigated. The expression of inflammatory readouts was estimated by qPCR and immunoassay. HCMV infection was analyzed by qPCR and immunostaining. Characterization of cultured prASCs shows the cells meet the criteria of MSCs and prASCs can undergo trilineage differentiation. Cultured prASCs can be induced to differentiate into epithelial cells, shown by cytokeratin 18 expression. Stimulation of prASCs with LPS or cytomix suggests the cells are capable of initiating an inflammation-like response upon stimulation with LPS or cytokines, whereas, LTA did not induce a significant effect on the readouts (ICAM-1, IL-6, TNFα, MCP-1 mRNA and IL-6 protein). HCMV broadly infects prASCs, showing a viral load dependent cytopathological effect (CPE). Our current study summarizes the isolation and culture of prASCs, clearly characterizes the cells, and demonstrates their immunomodulatory potential and high permissiveness for HCMV.

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Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9091997 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1997

Author(s):

Patrick C. Baer

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Stromal Stem Cells

Adipose tissue is a rich, ubiquitous, and easily accessible source for multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), so-called adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) [...]

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