Diagnostic utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in seizures and epilepsy with and without autoimmune-associated disease

Seizure ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Langenbruch ◽  
Heinz Wiendl ◽  
Catharina Groß ◽  
Stjepana Kovac
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Csf Findings

Differentiating patterns of oligoclonal banding in the cerebrospinal fluid improves diagnostic utility for multiple sclerosis

Pathology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Wei Lin ◽  
Dan Suan ◽  
Kerry Lenton ◽  
Tony Henniker ◽  
Therese Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Oligoclonal Banding

scholarly journals Estimation of cerebrospinal fluid cortisol level in tuberculous meningitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan R. Mahale ◽  
Anish Mehta ◽  
Sudhir Uchil
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Tubercular Meningitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Csf Findings

ABSTRACT Background: Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in tuberculosis is around 5–10%. Of the various manifestations of CNS tuberculosis, meningitis is the most common (70–80%). Delay in diagnosis and treatment results in significant morbidity and mortality. Objective: To study the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cortisol levels in tubercular meningitis and compare the levels with controls. Methods: Cross-sectional, prospective, observational, hospital-based study done in 20 patients of tubercular meningitis, 20 patients of aseptic meningitis (AM) and 25 control subjects without any preexisting neurological disorders who have undergone lumbar puncture for spinal anesthesia. Results: Cortisol was detected in all 40 CSF samples of patients (100%). Mean CSF cortisol level was 8.82, 3.47 and 1.05 in tubercular meningitis, AM and controls, respectively. Mean CSF cortisol level in tubercular meningitis was significantly higher as compared to AM and controls (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Cortisol level estimation in CSF is one of the rapid, relatively inexpensive diagnostic markers in early identification of tubercular meningitis along with CSF findings of elevated proteins, hypoglycorrhachia and lymphocytic pleocytosis. This aids in earlier institution of appropriate treatment and thereby decreasing morbidity and mortality. This is the first study on the estimation of CSF cortisol level in tuberculous meningitis.

scholarly journals A comparison of early diagnostic utility of Alzheimer disease biomarkers in magnetic resonance and cerebrospinal fluid

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 397-401
Author(s):  
J.A. Monge Argilés ◽  
M.A. Blanco Cantó ◽  
C. Leiva Salinas ◽  
L. Flors ◽  
C. Muñoz Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Early Diagnostic

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid in Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: Implications of Elevated Protein and Pleocytosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin A. Ellis ◽  
Andrew C. McClelland ◽  
Suyash Mohan ◽  
Emory Kuo ◽  
Scott E. Kasner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Radiographic Severity ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Elevated Protein ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Csf Findings

Background and Purpose: Patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) sometimes undergo analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to exclude alternative diagnoses. This study’s objectives were to describe the CSF characteristics in patients with PRES and to identify clinical and radiologic findings associated with distinct CSF abnormalities. Methods: We identified a retrospective cohort of patients with PRES. We compared clinical and radiographic characteristics of those who did versus did not undergo lumbar puncture, described the observed range of CSF findings, and analyzed clinical and radiographic features associated with specific CSF abnormalities. Results: A total of 188 patients were included. Patients with (n = 77) and without (n = 111) CSF analysis had similar clinical and radiographic characteristics. Cerebrospinal fluid protein was elevated in 46 (60%) of 77, with median CSF protein 53 mg/dL (upper limit of normal 45 mg/dL). Protein elevation was significantly associated with radiographic severity ( P = .0058) but not with seizure, time from symptom onset, radiographic evidence of diffusion restriction, or contrast enhancement. Five (7%) patients had elevated CSF white blood cells, all of whom had infarction and/or hemorrhage on neuroimaging, and 4 of whom had eclampsia. Conclusion: The CSF of most patients with PRES shows a mild protein elevation commensurate with radiographic severity. Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis may mark a distinct subtype of PRES with predisposition toward infarction and/or hemorrhage. These findings help clinicians interpret CSF findings in these patients and generate new hypotheses about the pathophysiology of this syndrome.

A Case Report: The CSF Characteristics of HaNDL Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Sarah E. McKay ◽  
Melanie R. F. Greenway
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic ◽  
Ischemic Events ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Csf Findings

BackgroundHeadache and Neurologic Deficits with cerebrospinal fluid Lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is a rare and underdiagnosed syndrome that mimics recurrent stroke, migraine with aura, and encephalitis.ObjectiveDescribe the presentation, clinical characteristics, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in a patient with HaNDL and provide insight into the importance of the recognition of this syndrome.MethodsThe authors describe a unique case of (HaNDL) during which the patient underwent three lumbar punctures over 26 days.ResultsThe authors demonstrate the natural course of CSF characteristics of a patient with HaNDL, with rising and falling lymphocyte counts. Additionally, the authors provide an example of the clinical presentation of HaNDL, with episodic attacks over the course of 1 month of migraine headache, hemibody paresthesias, hemibody weakness, and encephalopathy.ConclusionsHaNDL is a headache syndrome mimicking viral encephalitis, migraine with aura, and recurrent cerebral ischemic events. While HaNDL is a diagnosis of exclusion, the syndrome's association with characteristic clinical and laboratory findings are important to recognize. Furthermore, a monophasic pattern of CSF lymphocytosis in HaNDL may be observed.Implications for NursingIncreased recognition of this syndrome may help prevent unnecessary tests and treatments when patients present with recurrent episodes.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

1984 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leonardi ◽  
G. Abbruzzese ◽  
L. Arata ◽  
L. Cocito ◽  
M. Vische
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Csf Findings

scholarly journals Lyme Disease and Associated NMDAR Encephalitis: A Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-496
Author(s):  
Natalja Predkele ◽  
Jānis Mednieks
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antibacterial Treatment ◽  
Speech Impairments ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Nmdar Encephalitis ◽  
Csf Findings

We present a case of a patient with positive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) IgG antibodies in their serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) associated with neuroborreliosis. Clinically, the patient presented with symptoms of confusion, as well as behavioral and speech impairments. Regardless of antibacterial treatment, no significant improvement was achieved. Methylprednisolone provided a marked improvement in the patient’s clinical signs and CSF findings. The screening did not reveal any underlying neoplasm. Taking into account the marked clinical improvement after treatment with glucocorticosteroids, we suggest that NMDAR encephalitis is a possible autoimmune complication in neuroborreliosis patients requiring additional immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Utility of Cerebrospinal Fluid Procalcitonin in Neonatal Meningitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghana N ◽  
Prathik Bandiya ◽  
Niranjan H S ◽  
Naveen Benakappa ◽  
Bhavana J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Neonatal Meningitis ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Cytochemical Analysis ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Predictive Likelihood ◽  
Good Diagnostic Accuracy

Abstract We aimed to study the diagnostic utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) procalcitonin in neonates with meningitis. All the neonates with sepsis who qualified for lumbar puncture were prospectively evaluated. The neonates were classified as Meningitis and No meningitis group based on predefined criteria. CSF procalcitonin was estimated in these neonates along with cytological and biochemical parameters. A total of 113 neonates were included in the study with 29 in meningitis group and 84 in no meningitis group. The median procalcitonin levels was higher in babies with meningitis as compared to those without meningitis [0.194 (0.034 - 0.534) in meningitis group vs 0.012 (0.012-0.012) ng/ml in no meningitis group, p< 0.001]. The area under curve (AUC) for CSF procalcitonin was 0.867 (0.77 -0.95) and at a cut off level of 0.120 ng/ml CSF procalcitonin had a sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 84% and positive and negative predictive likelihood ratios of 5.35 and 0.20 respectively for the diagnosis of meningitis.Conclusion: CSF procalcitonin has a good diagnostic accuracy similar to other parameters in the diagnosis of neonatal meningitis and can be considered as an additional diagnostic marker particularly, when CSF culture is negative and cytochemical analysis is inconclusive.Trial registration number and date: CTRI/2018/09/015720 ; 14/09/2018

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