Development of electrochemical lithium extraction based on a rocking chair system of LiMn2O4/Li1-xMn2O4: Self-driven plus external voltage driven

2021 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 118154
Author(s):  
Zhi-Yuan Guo ◽  
Zhi-Yong Ji ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Hua-Yan Chen ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Voltage

scholarly journals Elongated-Hexagonal Photonic Crystal for Buffering, Sensing, and Modulation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Sayed Elshahat ◽  
Israa Abood ◽  
Zixian Liang ◽  
Jihong Pei ◽  
Zhengbiao Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Irregular Waveguide ◽  
Optical Confinement ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
External Voltage ◽  
Dynamic Modulation ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Matter Interaction ◽  
Light Matter Interaction ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

A paradigm for high buffering performance with an essential fulfillment for sensing and modulation was set forth. Through substituting the fundamental two rows of air holes in an elongated hexagonal photonic crystal (E-PhC) by one row of the triangular gaps, the EPCW is molded to form an irregular waveguide. By properly adjusting the triangle dimension solitary, we fulfilled the lowest favorable value of the physical-size of each stored bit by about μ5.5510 μm. Besides, the EPCW is highly sensitive to refractive index (RI) perturbation attributed to the medium through infiltrating the triangular gaps inside the EPCW by microfluid with high RI sensitivity of about 379.87 nm/RIU. Furthermore, dynamic modulation can be achieved by applying external voltage and high electro-optical (EO) sensitivity is obtained of about 748.407 nm/RIU. The higher sensitivity is attributable to strong optical confinement in the waveguide region and enhanced light-matter interaction in the region of the microfluid triangular gaps inside the EPCW and conventional gaps (air holes). The EPCW structure enhances the interaction between the light and the sensing medium.

scholarly journals External voltage sources and tunnelling in quantum wires

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (27) ◽  
pp. 5497-5515 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Koutouza ◽  
F Siano ◽  
H Saleur
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Wires ◽  
External Voltage

Current measurements across a nematic cell submitted to an external voltage and its equivalent electrical circuit

2008 ◽  
Vol 461 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Atasiei ◽  
A.L. Alexe-Ionescu ◽  
J.C. Dias ◽  
L.R. Evangelista ◽  
G. Barbero
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Equivalent Electrical Circuit ◽  
External Voltage

Drei Verfahren zur Messung der Änderung der Austrittsarbeit mit Hilfe der Oberflächenionisation

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Müller ◽  
W Walcher ◽  
H.-W Wassmuth
Keyword(s):  
Work Function ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Surface Ionization ◽  
Contact Potential ◽  
External Voltage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Ion Emission

AbstractThree methods for the measurement of the change ΔΦ of the work function Φ of a metal surface due to the presence of adsorbed particles (e. g. oxygen) have been developed utilizing the surface ionization of a beam of metal atoms (e. g. In, Sr) as a probe. The experiments have been performed with a mass spectrometer at ultrahigh vacuum.In the first method the temperature dependency of the ion emission current is used for the determination of the work function Φ considering certain limiting conditions. The two other methods which may be applied simultaneously with the first one, involve a direct measurement of ΔΦ by compensating the change of the contact potential by an external voltage: In the second method the contact potential between the ionizing surface and a surrounding reference electrode is used to control the ion optical conditions for the ion emission, whereas in the third method the change in the kinetic energy of the ions caused by a change of the contact potential between the ionizing surface and the entrance slit of the mass spectrometer is used as a measure of ΔΦ

scholarly journals Curvature Dependent Electrostatic Field in the Deformable MEMS Device: Stability and Optimal Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-54
Author(s):  
Paolo Di Barba ◽  
Luisa Fattorusso ◽  
Mario Versaci
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Electrostatic Field ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Electric Voltage ◽  
External Voltage ◽  
Device Stability ◽  
Equilibrium Configurations ◽  
Mems Device

AbstractThe recovery of the membrane profile of an electrostatic micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device is an important issue because, when applying an external voltage, the membrane deforms with the consequent risk of touching the upper plate of the device (a condition that should be avoided). Then, during the deformation of the membrane, it is useful to know if this movement admits stable equilibrium configurations. In such a context, our present work analyze the behavior of an electrostatic 1D membrane MEMS device when an external electric voltage is applied. In particular, starting from a well-known second-order elliptical semi-linear di erential model, obtained considering the electrostatic field inside the device proportional to the curvature of the membrane, the only possible equilibrium position is obtained, and its stability is analyzed. Moreover, considering that the membrane has an inertia in moving and taking into account that it must not touch the upper plate of the device, the range of possible values of the applied external voltage is obtained, which accounted for these two particular operating conditions. Finally, some calculations about the variation of potential energy have identified optimal control conditions.

scholarly journals PENGUATAN TEGANGAN GENERATOR PERMANEN MAGNET DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KONVERTER AC-AC

2019 ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Jani F. Mandala
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Boost Converter ◽  
Voltage Gain ◽  
Test Results ◽  
External Voltage ◽  
Voltage Amplifier ◽  
Generator Voltage ◽  
Magnetic Generator

Abstract The study aims to create a permanent magnetic generator voltage amplifier by using a AC-ac converter. To stabilize the external voltage, then used the buck-boost converter. The results showed that by regulating the voltage gain  Buck-Boost converter  at  27 volt voltage  as well as regulating the duty cycle between 1 khz to 5 khz,  can be  generated an external 220 volt through the inverter. The test results of the device can supply stably up to a load of 100 watts.    ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat penguat tegangan generator permanent magnet dengan menggunakan konverter ac-ac. Untuk menstabilkan luaran tegangan, maka digunakan buck-boost converter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan mengatur penguatan tegangan buck-boost converter pada tegangan 27 volt serta mengatur duty cycle antara 1 khz s/d 5 khz, dapat dihasilkan luaran 220 volt melalui inverter. Hasil uji coba perangkat dapat menyuplai dengan stabil sampai pada beban 100 watt.  

Efficient 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene removal in the coupled BES-UASB reactor: Effect of external voltage mode

2017 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 879-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Xinyi Gao ◽  
Caiqin Wang ◽  
Junjie Shao ◽  
Xiangyang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
External Voltage ◽  
Voltage Mode

Terahertz emission from GaInAs p-i-n diodes photoexcited by femtosecond laser pulses

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignas Nevinskas ◽  
Sandra Stanionytė ◽  
Vaidas Pačebutas ◽  
Arūnas Krotkus
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Crystallographic Orientation ◽  
Azimuthal Angle ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Pulses ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Terahertz Emission ◽  
External Voltage ◽  
Angle Dependence ◽  
Lattice Matched

Lattice-matched GaInAs p-i-n diodes of different i-region thicknesses have been MBE grown on n-type InP (100) and (111) crystallographic orientation substrates. It has been found that terahertz emission from such structures when illuminated with femtosecond laser pulses can be more efficient than that from the known to date best surface terahertz emitter (111) p-InAs. The explanation of the terahertz generation mechanism from p-i-n diodes is based on ultrafast photocurrent effects. Anisotropic transient photocurrents causing the 3ϕ azimuthal angle dependence are observed in the sample on (111) substrate. These p-i-n structures allow covering a technologically important 1.55 μm range and may provide controllability and compactness of a THzTDS system when biased with an external voltage source.

Tunable plasmonic-induced transparency based on stub-coupled cascade ring resonator with electro-optical material

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (18) ◽  
pp. 1950206
Author(s):  
Fang Chen ◽  
Huafeng Zhang ◽  
Lihui Sun ◽  
Jijun Li ◽  
Chunchao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Slow Light ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Optical Switch ◽  
Fdtd Method ◽  
Optical Material ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
External Voltage ◽  
All Optical Switch ◽  
Induced Transparency

The electrical control of plasmonic-induced transparency (PIT) via a resonator waveguide system is presented. The proposed structure is composed of a stub and cascade ring resonator. The ring and the stub resonator are filled with electro-optical material which can control the resonance frequency by the external voltage. Two-dimensional finite difference time domain (2D FDTD) method is used to calculate the transmission and field distribution. Single PIT is investigated both by FDTD and Coupled Mode Theory (CMT). The proposed PIT can be tuned by changing the external voltage or the geometric parameters. Double and triple PIT can be obtained by introducing more ring resonators and can be tuned by external voltage. The proposed plasmonic structure may have application in slow light device, nanoscale filter, all-optical switch and refractive index sensor.

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