The impact of cold Storage durations on Trichogramma evanescens (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) during their pupal stage

AbstractThe performance of parasitism by the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs of Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) was investigated under cold storage and gamma irradiation treatments of the host eggs. Cold storage treatment could improve the parasitoid mass rearing techniques and reduced the costs of biological control programs, while gamma irradiation might be used as a supplementary support at the times of high demand. The suitability of the S. cerealella eggs, stored at – 20 °C for 0.5, 1, or 2 h. as a host for T. evanescens was evaluated. The sensitivity of S. cerealella eggs to gamma irradiation treatments and the acceptability of irradiated eggs for parasitism by T. evanescens females for the parental P and F1 generations were examined. The results revealed that parasitism was drastically reduced more than adult’s emergence and sex-ratio (% of females) after cold storage periods of S. cerealella eggs. Moreover, the parasitism percentages were relatively reduced to (97.1, 96.1, 93.03, and 92.7 %) after irradiating the S. cerealella eggs at 40, 60, 80, and 100 Gy, respectively than the control (97.3% emergence). The percentages of emergence and females’ percent were slightly decreased by gamma irradiation doses, while, equal preferred by the F1 generation of parasitoid that produced from irradiated S. cerealella eggs.

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Aberrant activation of complement system in renal grafts is mediated by cold storage

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00670.2020 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sorena Lo ◽

Li Jiang ◽

Savannah Stacks ◽

Haixia Lin ◽

Nirmala Parajuli

Keyword(s):

Cold Storage ◽

Complement System ◽

Complement Activation ◽

Renal Tubules ◽

Renal Transplants ◽

Reducing Conditions ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Renal Grafts ◽

The Impact ◽

The Complement System

Aberrant complement activation leads to tissue damage during kidney transplantation, and it is recognized as an important target for therapeutic intervention (6, 19, 35, 64). However, it is not clear whether cold storage (CS) triggers the complement pathway in transplanted kidneys. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of CS on complement activation in renal transplants. Male Lewis and Fischer rats were used, and donor rat kidneys were exposed to 4 h or 18 h of CS followed by transplantation (CS+Transplant). To study CS-induced effects, a group with no CS was included in which the kidney was removed and transplanted back to the same rat (autotransplantation, ATx). Complement proteins (C3 and C5b-9) were evaluated with western blotting (reducing and non-reducing conditions) and immunostaining. Western blot of renal extracts or serum indicated that the levels of C3 and C5b-9 increased after CS+Transplant compared to ATx. Quite strikingly, intracellular C3 was profoundly elevated within renal tubules after CS+Transplant but was absent in Sham or ATx groups, which showed only extratubular C3. Similarly, C5b-9 immunofluorescence staining of renal sections showed an increase in C5b-9 deposits in kidneys after CS+Transplant. Real-time PCR (SYBR Green) showed increased expression of CD11b and CD11c, components of complement receptors 3 and 4, respectively, as well as inflammatory markers such as TNF-α. In addition, recombinant TNF-α significantly increased C3 levels in renal cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CS activates the complement system in renal transplants.

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Influence of Pasteurization and Storage on Dynamic In Vitro Gastric Digestion of Milk Proteins: Quantitative Insights Based on Peptidomics

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9080998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 998 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xing Li ◽

Yuxiang Gu ◽

Shudong He ◽

Olayemi Eyituoyo Dudu ◽

Qiming Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cold Storage ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Milk Proteins ◽

Hydrolysis Rate ◽

Gastric Digestion ◽

Pasteurized Milk ◽

The Impact ◽

And Storage

It is important to evaluate the nutritional quality of milk during the shelf-life, especially during home storage, from a consumer viewpoint. In this study, we investigated the impact of pasteurization (85 °C/15 s) and subsequent storage (at 4 °C for 7 days) on the coagulation behavior of milk and protein digestibility in a dynamic in vitro gastric digestion test. A high level of hydration in curd formed in pasteurized milk upon 7-day cold storage compared to raw and pasteurized milk, indicating fast pepsin diffusion in the interior of curds, increasing the hydrolysis rate. The digesta collected at various time points throughout the gastric digestion were studied using o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA), sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and amino acid analysis. These results showed that milk proteins were hydrolyzed quickly upon a long period of cold storage. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative results obtained using LC-MS/MS exhibited significant differences between samples, especially in pasteurized milk upon cold storage. Processing and storage played a decisive role in bioactive peptide generation. Such knowledge could provide insights into and directions for the storage of pasteurized milk for further clinical studies on protein bioavailability and the generation of bioactive peptides for desired health outcomes.

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The Impact of Cold Storage on Adenosine Diphosphate-Mediated Platelet Responsiveness

TH Open ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1714254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 04 (03) ◽

pp. e163-e172

Author(s):

Juergen Koessler ◽

Philipp Klingler ◽

Marius Niklaus ◽

Katja Weber ◽

Angela Koessler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cold Storage ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Purinergic Receptor ◽

Adenosine Diphosphate ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Activation Markers ◽

Inhibitory Pathways ◽

The Impact ◽

Induced Aggregation

Abstract Introduction Cold storage of platelets is considered to contribute to lower risk of bacterial growth and to more efficient hemostatic capacity. For the optimization of storage strategies, it is required to further elucidate the influence of refrigeration on platelet integrity. This study focused on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-related platelet responsiveness. Materials and Methods Platelets were prepared from apheresis-derived platelet concentrates or from peripheral whole blood, stored either at room temperature or at 4°C. ADP-induced aggregation was tested with light transmission. Activation markers, purinergic receptor expression, and P2Y12 receptor function were determined by flow cytometry. P2Y1 and P2X1 function was assessed by fluorescence assays, cyclic nucleotide concentrations by immunoassays, and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP)-phosphorylation levels by Western blot analysis. Results In contrast to room temperature, ADP-induced aggregation was maintained under cold storage for 6 days, associated with elevated activation markers like fibrinogen binding or CD62P expression. Purinergic receptor expression was not essentially different, whereas P2Y1 function deteriorated rapidly at cold storage, but not P2Y12 activity. Inhibitory pathways of cold-stored platelets were characterized by reduced responses to nitric oxide and prostaglandin E1. Refrigeration of citrated whole blood also led to the attenuation of induced inhibition of platelet aggregation, detectable within 24 hours. Conclusion ADP responsiveness is preserved under cold storage for 6 days due to stable P2Y12 activity and concomitant disintegration of inhibitory pathways enabling a higher reactivity of stored platelets. The ideal storage time at cold temperature for the highest hemostatic effect of platelets should be evaluated in further studies.

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The Impact of Subsidies, Storage, and Exchange Rates on Exports of Canadian Fresh Carrots to the United States

Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics ◽

10.1017/s0899367x00001458 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 123-129

Author(s):

Ralph E. Bierlen ◽

David Blandford

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Exchange Rates ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Storage Capacity ◽

The United States ◽

Canadian Dollar ◽

Canadian Government ◽

Government Aid ◽

The Impact ◽

The U.S

Canadian exports of fresh carrots to the United States have increased substantially in recent years. The depreciation of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar has been a major factor. Canadian government subsidies also may have had an impact by accelerating the construction of cold storage facilities. These have permitted the marketing period to be extended. However, an analysis of costs and returns suggests that cold storage of carrots is commercially profitable. Storage capacity would probably have increased without government aid. The returns to storage and the change in exchange rates are the primary factors contributing to the expansion of Canadian exports.

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Seasonal Variation in Host Susceptibility to Fusarium Canker in Young Almond Trees

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-19-1292-re ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 104 (3) ◽

pp. 772-779

Author(s):

Abigail J. Stack ◽

Meera Madra ◽

Thomas R. Gordon ◽

Richard M. Bostock

Keyword(s):

Cold Storage ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Lesion Size ◽

Host Susceptibility ◽

Seasonal Effect ◽

Canker Disease ◽

Almond Trees ◽

Bare Root ◽

The Impact

Loss of water that reduces the relative water content (RWC) of bark can occur during processing, cold storage, and planting of bare-root stone fruit trees. In California nurseries and newly planted orchards, this stress can predispose young almond trees (Prunus dulcis) to a canker disease caused primarily by Fusarium species. While reduced bark RWC contributes to disease development, anecdotal observations suggest a seasonal effect on host physiology may also influence disease severity. We evaluated the effect of season and the impact of drying and reduced RWC on susceptibility of almond branch segments excised from orchard trees (cv. Nonpareil) to Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium brachygibbosum, and Fusarium californicum sp. nov. With lesion size as the criterion, excised inoculated branch segments were most susceptible in spring, of intermediate susceptibility during winter dormancy, and least susceptible during summer and fall. Consistent with an earlier study, branches with RWC between 80 and 85% yielded lesions that were significantly larger than lesions from branches with bark that was above or below that range. However, the effect of reduced bark moisture on lesion size was only apparent in the spring. These results affirm the importance of avoiding conditions that diminish moisture status in bare-root almond trees in Fusarium canker disease management, especially during transport and planting operations in the spring, a period of high physiological vulnerability. California nurseries apply fungicides to bare-root trees prior to cold storage to reduce “mold” growth. Of eight fungicides currently registered for use on almond trees, fludioxonil (Scholar), fluopyram/trifloxystrobin (Luna Sensation), and fluxapyroxad/pyraclostrobin (Merivon) were most inhibitory to in vitro mycelial growth of F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, and F. brachygibbosum. However, our almond branch disease assay did not demonstrate preventive or curative fungicide action against infections by F. acuminatum or F. avenaceum.

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Effect of different cold storage periods of rearing host eggs on the performance of the parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-019-0139-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amany Siam ◽

Nawal Zohdy Mohammed Zohdy ◽

Alia Mohammed Abd ELHafez ◽

Laila Eid Moursy ◽

Hanaa Ahmed E. L. Sherif

Keyword(s):

Cold Storage ◽

Trichogramma Evanescens

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Quantification and Impact of Cold Storage and Heat Exposure on Mass Rearing Program of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera:Tephritidae) Genetic Sexing Strain

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11110821 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 821

Author(s):

Jia Lin ◽

Hanano Yamada ◽

Ningfeng Lu ◽

Guofu Ao ◽

Weiwei Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cold Storage ◽

Heat Exposure ◽

Thermal Exposure ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽

Short Term ◽

Genetic Sexing ◽

Emergence Rate ◽

Genetic Sexing Strain ◽

The Impact

Cold storage and heat exposure are crucial components of tephritid fruit fly mass-rearing programs, as they influence the development and fitness traits of produced flies. This work investigated the effects of cold storage on the pupal developmental parameters and quality of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) genetic sexing strain (GSS) adults. Furthermore, the impact of short-term thermal exposure on the fecundity of B. dorsalis (GSS) that also underwent pupal cold storage was examined. Our results show that pupal development time, emergence rate, partial emergence rate, flight ability and fecundity were significantly affected by low temperature and pupal age and their interaction. Pupal cold storage did not pose negative impacts on the mating competition and response to methyl eugenol (ME) in the males. In addition, compared with the adults that were subjected to the same pupal storage protocol (five-day-old pupae stored at 13 °C), adult exposure to 41 °C for 1 h showed significant reparative effects on fecundity. In summary, the cold storage procedure of B. dorsalis (GSS) pupae has the potential to improve the flexibility and efficiency of mass-rearing schedules. Furthermore, short-term thermal exposure showed reparative effects on the fecundity costs induced by pupal cold storage in B. dorsalis (GSS).

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Comparative Rearing of Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Dead and Living Tissues and the Impact of Cold Storage on Pupal Survival

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jmedent/35.2.153 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 153-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maria D. Soler Cruz ◽

Maria C. Vega Robles ◽

Joris J. Trapman ◽

Gethin Thomas

Keyword(s):

Cold Storage ◽

Wohlfahrtia Magnifica ◽

Living Tissues ◽

The Impact

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Time-dependent and force-dependent vasoreactivity of isolated human umbilical arteries

SCRIPTA MEDICA ◽

10.5937/scriptamed51-28131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 134-140

Author(s):

Đorđe Đukanović ◽

Milica Gajić ◽

Ranko Škrbić

Keyword(s):

Incubation Period ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Dose Response ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Response Curves ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Umbilical Arteries ◽

The Impact

Background/Aim: There have been different experimental conditions for in vitro studies on human umbilical arteries (HUA) in tissue bath system. This diversity was mainly reflected in variables such as stretching tension, incubation period and initial constriction challenging with potassium (KCl). The aim of the study was to establish optimal experimental conditions which will provide better responsiveness of HUA preparations, as well as to examine the impact of 24 h cold storage on viability and responsiveness of HUA to KCl and serotonin. Methods: The KCl-induced constrictions at different stretching tensions (0.5 g, 1.0 g, 2.0 g, 4.0 g), incubation times (30 min, 60 min, 120 min), and after multiple initial constriction challenging were compared. Dose response curves for serotonin were obtained under different conditions (1.0 g and 60 min vs. 2.0 g and 120 min). The influence of 24 h cold storage on KCland serotonininduced vasoconstriction of HUA preparations was examined as well. Results: The strongest constrictions induced by serotonin or KCl were obtained when preparations were adjusted at 2.0 g and incubated for 120 min. The KCl-induced constrictions observed after 120 min were statistically higher (p < 0.05) when preparations were challenged three times (30 min, 60 min, 120 min), compared to those challenged only once. The preparations that were stored at 4 ⁰C for 24 h showed significantly stronger serotonin-induced constrictions (p < 0.01). The cold storage had no influence on KCl-induced constriction. Conclusion: For performing in vitro studies on HUA preparations in tissue bath, we propose stretching tension of 2.0 g, incubation period of 120 min and multiple initial constriction challenging with KCl as optimal experimental condition. We also showed that HUA preparations retained functional viability even after 24 h of cold storage.

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