Soil organic matter in soil depth profiles: Distinct carbon preferences of microbial groups during carbon transformation

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Kramer ◽  
Gerd Gleixner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Microbial Groups

scholarly journals The Soil Organic Matter in Connection with Soil Properties and Soil Inputs

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 779
Author(s):  
Václav Voltr ◽  
Ladislav Menšík ◽  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Martin Hruška ◽  
Eduard Pokorný ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Linear Regression Models

The content of organic matter in the soil, its labile (hot water extractable carbon–HWEC) and stable (soil organic carbon–SOC) form is a fundamental factor affecting soil productivity and health. The current research in soil organic matter (SOM) is focused on individual fragmented approaches and comprehensive evaluation of HWEC and SOC changes. The present state of the soil together with soil’s management practices are usually monitoring today but there has not been any common model for both that has been published. Our approach should help to assess the changes in HWEC and SOC content depending on the physico-chemical properties and soil´s management practices (e.g., digestate application, livestock and mineral fertilisers, post-harvest residues, etc.). The one- and multidimensional linear regressions were used. Data were obtained from the various soil´s climatic conditions (68 localities) of the Czech Republic. The Czech farms in operating conditions were observed during the period 2008–2018. The obtained results of ll monitored experimental sites showed increasing in the SOC content, while the HWEC content has decreased. Furthermore, a decline in pH and soil´s saturation was documented by regression modelling. Mainly digestate application was responsible for this negative consequence across all soils in studied climatic regions. The multivariate linear regression models (MLR) also showed that HWEC content is significantly affected by natural soil fertility (soil type), phosphorus content (−30%), digestate application (+29%), saturation of the soil sorption complex (SEBCT, 21%) and the dose of total nitrogen (N) applied into the soil (−20%). Here we report that the labile forms (HWEC) are affected by the application of digestate (15%), the soil saturation (37%), the application of mineral potassium (−7%), soil pH (−14%) and the overall condition of the soil (−27%). The stable components (SOM) are affected by the content of HWEC (17%), soil texture 0.01–0.001mm (10%), and input of organic matter and nutrients from animal production (10%). Results also showed that the mineral fertilization has a negative effect (−14%), together with the soil depth (−11%), and the soil texture 0.25–2 mm (−21%) on SOM. Using modern statistical procedures (MRLs) it was confirmed that SOM plays an important role in maintaining resp. improving soil physical, biochemical and biological properties, which is particularly important to ensure the productivity of agroecosystems (soil quality and health) and to future food security.

scholarly journals The influence of C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> vegetation on soil organic matter dynamics in contrasting semi-natural tropical ecosystems

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 8085-8130 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Saiz ◽  
M. Bird ◽  
C. Wurster ◽  
C. A. Quesada ◽  
P. Ascough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Precipitation Gradient ◽  
Tropical Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Closed Canopy

Abstract. Variations in the carbon isotopic composition of soil organic matter (SOM) in bulk and fractionated samples were used to assess the influence of C3 and C4 vegetation on SOM dynamics in semi-natural tropical ecosystems sampled along a precipitation gradient in West Africa. Differential patterns in SOM dynamics in C3/C4 mixed ecosystems occurred at various spatial scales. Relative changes in C / N ratios between two contrasting SOM fractions were used to evaluate potential site-scale differences in SOM dynamics between C3- and C4-dominated locations. These differences were strongly controlled by soil texture across the precipitation gradient, with a function driven by bulk δ13C and sand content explaining 0.63 of the observed variability. The variation of δ13C with soil depth indicated a greater accumulation of C3-derived carbon with increasing precipitation, with this trend being also strongly dependant on soil characteristics. The influence of vegetation thickening on SOM dynamics was also assessed in two adjacent, but structurally contrasting, transitional ecosystems occurring on comparable soils to minimise confounding effects posed by climatic and edaphic factors. Radiocarbon analyses of sand-size aggregates yielded relatively short mean residence times (τ) even deep in the soil, while the most stable SOM fraction associated to silt and clay exhibited shorter τ in the savanna woodland than in the neighbouring forest stand. These results together with the vertical variation observed in δ13C values, strongly suggest that both ecosystems are undergoing a rapid transition towards denser closed canopy formations. However, vegetation thickening varied in intensity at each site and exerted contrasting effects on SOM dynamics. This study shows that the interdependence between biotic and abiotic factors ultimately determine whether SOM dynamics of C3- and C4-derived vegetation are at variance in ecosystems where both vegetation types coexist. The results highlight the far-reaching implications that vegetation thickening may have for the stability of deep SOM.

scholarly journals Land Use Changes Affecting Soil Organic Matter Accumulation in Topsoil and Subsoil in Northeast Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Benjapon Kunlanit ◽  
Laksanara Khwanchum ◽  
Patma Vityakon
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Land Uses

The objectives of this study were to investigate effects of land use on accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) in the soil profile (0–100 cm) and to determine pattern of SOM stock distribution in soil profiles. Soil samples were collected from five soil depths at 20 cm intervals from 0 to 100 cm under four adjacent land uses including forest, cassava, sugarcane, and paddy lands located in six districts of Maha Sarakham province in the Northeast of Thailand. When considering SOM stock among different land uses in all locations, forest soils had significantly higher total SOM stocks in 0–100 cm (193 Mg·C·ha−1) than those in cassava, sugarcane, and paddy soils in all locations. Leaf litter and remaining rice stover on soil surfaces resulted in a higher amount of SOM stocks in topsoil (0–20 cm) than subsoil (20–100 cm) in some forest and paddy land uses. General pattern of SOM stock distribution in soil profiles was such that the SOM stock declined with soil depth. Although SOM stocks decreased with depth, the subsoil stock contributes to longer term storage of C than topsoils as they are more stabilized through adsorption onto clay fraction in finer textured subsoil than those of the topsoils. Agricultural practices, notably applications of organic materials, such as cattle manure, could increase subsoil SOM stock as found in some agricultural land uses (cassava and sugarcane) in some location in our study. Upland agricultural land uses, notably cassava, caused high rate of soil degradation. To restore soil fertility of these agricultural lands, appropriate agronomic practices including application of organic soil amendments, return of crop residues, and reduction of soil disturbance to increase and maintain SOM stock, should be practiced.

scholarly journals The influence of C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> vegetation on soil organic matter dynamics in contrasting semi-natural tropical ecosystems

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 5041-5059 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Saiz ◽  
M. Bird ◽  
C. Wurster ◽  
C. A. Quesada ◽  
P. Ascough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Precipitation Gradient ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Tropical Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Isotopic

Abstract. Variations in the carbon isotopic composition of soil organic matter (SOM) in bulk and fractionated samples were used to assess the influence of C3 and C4 vegetation on SOM dynamics in semi-natural tropical ecosystems sampled along a precipitation gradient in West Africa. Differential patterns in SOM dynamics in C3/C4 mixed ecosystems occurred at various spatial scales. Relative changes in C / N ratios between two contrasting SOM fractions were used to evaluate potential site-scale differences in SOM dynamics between C3- and C4-dominated locations. These differences were strongly controlled by soil texture across the precipitation gradient, with a function driven by bulk δ13C and sand content explaining 0.63 of the observed variability. The variation of δ13C with soil depth indicated a greater accumulation of C3-derived carbon with increasing precipitation, with this trend also being strongly dependant on soil characteristics. The influence of vegetation thickening on SOM dynamics was also assessed in two adjacent, but structurally contrasting, transitional ecosystems occurring on comparable soils to minimise the confounding effects posed by climatic and edaphic factors. Radiocarbon analyses of sand-size aggregates yielded relatively short mean residence times (τ) even in deep soil layers, while the most stable SOM fraction associated with silt and clay exhibited shorter τ in the savanna woodland than in the neighbouring forest stand. These results, together with the vertical variation observed in δ13C values, strongly suggest that both ecosystems are undergoing a rapid transition towards denser closed canopy formations. However, vegetation thickening varied in intensity at each site and exerted contrasting effects on SOM dynamics. This study shows that the interdependence between biotic and abiotic factors ultimately determine whether SOM dynamics of C3- and C4-derived vegetation are at variance in ecosystems where both vegetation types coexist. The results highlight the far-reaching implications that vegetation thickening may have for the stability of deep SOM.

Soil Organic Matter Content and Volumetric Water Content Affect Indaziflam–Soil Bioavailability

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Jeffries ◽  
Travis W. Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Volumetric Water Content ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content

Indaziflam is a cellulose biosynthesis-inhibiting herbicide for annual weed control in various agricultural systems. Sporadic cases of unacceptable injury to desirable plants have been reported after indaziflam application, which may have been due to conditions favoring increased indaziflam–soil bioavailability. Research was conducted from 2013 to 2015 on a sandy soil to elucidate the effects of soil organic matter content (SOMC) and soil volumetric water content (SVWC) on indaziflam–soil bioavailability. Indaziflam was applied (50 or 100 g ha–1) at fall only, fall plus spring, and spring only timings to plots in a factorial arrangement of SOMC, pre–indaziflam application (PrIA) SVWC, and post–indaziflam application (PoIA) SVWC. After application, field soil cores were collected for a subsequent greenhouse bioassay experiment, where foliage mass reduction of perennial ryegrass seeded from 0 to 15 cm soil depth was used as an indicator of indaziflam–soil bioavailability throughout the profile. Significant edaphic effects were observed at 0 to 2.5, 2.5 to 5, and 5 to 7.5 cm depths, with increased bioavailability at low compared with high SOMC. Pre–indaziflam application SVWC did not affect bioavailability, whereas PoIA high SVWC increased indaziflam–soil bioavailability at 2.5 to 7.5 cm depth compared with PoIA low SVWC. Low SOMC–PoIA high SVWC decreased perennial ryegrass foliage mass 40 and 37% at 5 to 7.5 cm depth from cores collected 10 and 14 wk after treatment, respectively, whereas reductions from all other SOMC–PoIA SVWC combinations were < 12% and did not vary from each other. Pearson's correlation coefficients showed a moderate, positive relationship between perennial ryegrass mass reductions at 0 to 2.5, 2.5 to 5, 0 to 5, and 0 to 10 cm depths and hybrid bermudagrass cover reduction, which suggests conditions favoring increased indaziflam–soil bioavailability can adversely affect plant growth. Data from this research will aid land managers to use indaziflam effectively without adversely affecting growth of desirable species.

The role of soil depth in the evaluation of management-induced effects on soil organic matter

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Knebl ◽  
G. Leithold ◽  
F. Schulz ◽  
C. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Depth

scholarly journals Relationship between the mass of organic matter and carbon in soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silmara R. Bianchi ◽  
Mario Miyazawa ◽  
Edson L. de Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Antonio Pavan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Oxidation Degree ◽  
Wide Range

The quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) was estimated through the determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) times a factor, which assumes that 58% of the SOM was formed by carbon. A number of soil samples with wide range of SOC content collected in the state of Paraná, Brazil were evaluated in the laboratory. SOC was measured by Walkley-Black method and the total SOM by loss on ignition. The SOC was positively correlated with SOM. The SOM/SOC ratio varied from 1.91 to 5.08 for the soils. It shows that Brazilian SOM has greater oxidation degree. Although, the SOM and SOC decreased with soil depth the SOM/SOC ratio increased. It showed that SOM in the subsoil contained more oxygen but less carbon than the SOM in the upper soil surface. The CEC/SOC also increased with depth indicating that the functional groups of the SOM increased per unity of carbon.

Tillage effects on the dynamics of total and corn-residue-derived soil organic matter in two southern Ontario soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Wanniarachchi ◽  
R. P. Voroney ◽  
T. J. Vyn ◽  
R. P. Beyaert ◽  
A. F. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Loam Soil

Agricultural management practices affect the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) by influencing the amount of plant residues returned to the soil and rate of residue and SOM decomposition. Total organic C and δ13C of soil were measured in two field experiments involving corn cropping to determine the effect of tillage practices on SOM dynamics. Minimum tillage (MT) and no tillage (NT) had no significant impact on the soil C compared with conventional tillage (CT) in the 0- to 50-cm soil depth sampled at both sites. Continuous corn under MT and CT for 29 yr in a silt loam soil sequestered 61–65 g m−2 yr−1 of corn-derived C (C4-C), and it accounted for 25–26% of the total C in the 0- to 50-cm depth. In a sandy loam soil cropped to corn for 6 yr, SOM contained 10 and 8.4% C4-C under CT and NT, respectively. Reduced tillage practices altered the distribution of C4-C in soil, causing the surface (0–5 cm) soil of reduced tillage (MT and NT) plots to have higher amounts of C4-C compared to CT. Tillage practices did not affect the turnover of C3-C in soil. Key words: Soil organic matter, 13C natural abundance, tillage practices

scholarly journals Determining the influencing factors of preferential flow in ground fissures for coal mine dump eco-engineering

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10547
Author(s):  
Yexin Li ◽  
Gang Lv ◽  
Hongbo Shao ◽  
Quanhou Dai ◽  
Xinpeng Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Ground Fissure ◽  
Ground Fissures ◽  
Depth Ratio ◽  
Three Fissures ◽  
Path Number

Ground fissures (GF), appearing in front of dumps, are one of the most obvious and harmful geological hazards in coal mining areas. Studying preferential flow and its influencing factors in the ground fissures of dumps may provide basic scientific support for understanding the rapid movement of water and vegetation restoration and reconstruction in mining areas. Based on field surveys of ground fissures, three typical ground fissures were selected in the studied dump. The morphological characteristics of preferential flow for ground fissures were determined through field dye tracing, laboratory experiments, and image processing technology. The results indicated that the lengths of the three ground fissures ranged from 104.84 cm to 120.83 cm, and the widths ranged from 2.86 cm to 9.85 cm. All of the ground fissure area densities were less than 10%, and the proportion of ground fissure surface area was small in the dump. The maximum fissure depth was 47 cm, and the minimum was 16 cm. The ground fissure widths ranged from 0 cm to 14.98 cm, and the fissure width and fissure width-to-depth ratios decreased with increasing soil depth. The stained area was greater than 90% in the 0–5 cm soil layers of the three fissures, and water movement was dominated by matrix flow. The stained width decreased from 90 cm to 20 cm with increasing soil depth. The preferential flow was mainly concentrated on both sides of the fissure, which was distributed as a “T” shape. The preferential flow stained area ratios were 27.23%, 31.97%, and 30.73%, respectively, and these values decreased with increasing soil depth. The maximum stained depths of the preferential flow among the three fissures were different, and the maximum stained depth of GF II was significantly larger than that of GF I and GF III (P < 0.05). The stained path numbers of the three fissures ranged from 0 to 49. With increasing soil depth, the stained path number first increased and then decreased. The stained path widths of the three fissures ranged from 0 cm to 90 cm. With the increase in soil depth, the stained path width decreased. The stained area ratio was significantly positively correlated with ground fissure width, the ground fissure width-to-depth ratio, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil organic matter, and sand content and was significantly negatively correlated with soil water content and clay content. The stained path number was significantly positively correlated with ground fissure width, the ground fissure width-to-depth ratio, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil organic matter. The stained path width was significantly positively correlated with the ground fissure width-to-depth ratio, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil organic matter and sand content and was significantly negatively correlated with clay content. Plant roots could significantly increase the stained area ratio, stained path number, and width and promote the formation and development of preferential flow.

scholarly journals KLASSIFIKASI BAHAN ORGANIK TANAH BUKIT PINANG-PINANG KAWASAN HUTAN HUJAN TROPIK GUNUNG GADUT PADANG

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Yulnafatmawita Yulnafatmawita ◽  
Asmar Asmar ◽  
Mimien Harianti ◽  
Suci Betrianingrum
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Very High

A research about soil organic matter (SOM) classification based on the density was conducted for soil in Bukik Pinang-Pinang region.  The objective of this research was to identify whether the SOM in Pinang-Pinang area, having very high annual rainfall, was mostly particulate or had been associated with mineral particles.  Soils were sampled at three different land use, forest, bush, and mixed wood land on 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm soil depth.  Soil organic matter was classified into 2 classes, < 1.0 g cm-3 and ≥ 1.0 g cm-3 by using pure aquadest.  Total and fractionated SOM samples were analyzed by using Walkley and Black method in soil laboratory, Agriclculture College, Andalas University.  The result showed that, among the three land use surveyed, mixed wood land use gave the highest SOM, then followed by bush land.  Soil OM content in forest ecosystem was much lower than the other two land use for the whole depth.  Based on the density, SOM particulate was higher on the soil surface and decrease by depth in each land use.  Among the ecosystem, SOM under forest was less associated with soil particles than that under bush and mixed wood land. Key Words:  SOM-light fraction, SOM-heavy fraction, land use

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