Preventing a Rebound in Carbon Intensity Post-COVID-19 at the Global Level – Lessons Learned from the Change in Carbon Intensity before and after the 2008 Financial Crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Shasha Wang ◽  
Xue-ting Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Global Level ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis

scholarly journals IPO Underpricing After the 2008 Financial Crisis: A Study of the Chinese Stock Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Li ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Sang-Bing Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Ipo Underpricing ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Public Offering

A firm’s capability of raising funding is closely related to its sustainable development. With a more efficient allocation of funding among the whole society, social resources will be better utilized. Initial Public Offering (IPO) can indeed be an effective means of raising capital for corporate ventures. Using 1069 firms which completed IPOs on Chinese stock exchanges between 1st January 2004 and 1st January 2013, we investigate the difference in IPO underpricing before and after the 2008 financial crisis. Based on OLS regression models, we find that the IPOs are less underpriced in the post-crisis period. We examine the moderating effects of firm size on the difference in IPO underpricing between pre- and post-crisis periods, finding that small firms experienced less IPO underpricing than large firms after the financial crisis. After applying different model specifications such as Robust and OProbit regressions, the results remain consistent. Our study contributes to understanding the dynamics and influences of the financial crisis on firms’ IPO cost from the perspective of information asymmetry.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis of World Major Stock Index Before and After the 2008 Financial Crisis – Based on GARCH-VaR Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Maoguo Wu ◽  
Yanyuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Stock Index ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Stock Markets ◽  
Stock Indexes ◽  
Global Stock

In 2008, the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis overwhelmed the global financial system, which sparked drastic fluctuation of world stock index. Subsequently, the risk of investment in global stock markets has augmented considerably. Applying the VaR approach based on GARCH model, this paper attempts to thoroughly investigate the volatility of S&P 500, NASDAQ, DJIA, GDAXI and CSI 300. For the purpose of comparison, data are divided into 2 parts: before the 2008 financial crisis and after the 2008 financial crisis. Thus, the paper elaborates impacts of the 2008 financial crisis on global stock index. In addition, this paper puts forward policy implications of risk control in Chinese financial market. According to empirical results, before the 2008 financial crisis, S&P 500, NASDAQ and DJIA were relatively stable; GDAXI was slightly fluctuant while CSI 300 fluctuated dramatically. When confronting with the 2008 financial crisis, the volatility of three American stock indexes surged at once, even exceeding that of CSI 300. GDAXI, however, experienced a time lag in the increase of volatility. So far, S&P 500, NASDAQ, DJIA and GDAXI have gradually recovered. On the contrary, CSI 300 still undulates frequently and erratically.

COMPARATIVE TFP GROWTH BETWEEN GCC CONVENTIONAL AND ISLAMIC BANKS BEFORE AND AFTER THE 2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
AZZEDDINE AZZAM ◽  
BELAID RETTAB
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Product And Process Innovation ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Conventional And Islamic Banks

This paper measures and compares the performance of GCC conventional and Islamic banks in terms of total factor productivity growth (TFPG) before and after the 2008 financial crisis. The sources of TFPG are technical change, size economies, and observed asset growth. Technical change and size economies are measured by estimating a translog cost function and factor share equations. Results show that Islamic banks outperformed conventional banks overall and across different sizes. To the extent that product and process innovation improves TFPG, Islamic banks have weathered the 2008 financial crisis by being more innovative than conventional banks.

Comparing state pension reforms in EU countries before and after 2008

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron George Grech
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Pension Reforms ◽  
Permanent Change ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
State Pension

AbstractMany EU countries have been carrying out substantial state pension reforms since the mid-1990s. This article studies whether the reforms that were carried out in ten EU countries before and after the 2008 financial crisis are different. This is done through an analysis of the different elements of these reforms and also by comparing pension entitlements after each set of reforms. The main conclusion is that the pre-crisis reforms were much stronger and had a more negative impact on women than the post-crisis reforms. It is harder to determine whether this represents a temporary break in the reform process or a permanent change in the orientation of pension reforms in these ten countries.

The PIIGS stock markets before and after the 2008 financial crisis: a dynamic cointegration and causality analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas S. Chouliaras ◽  
Apostolos G. Christopoulos ◽  
Dimitris Kenourgios ◽  
Petros Kalantonis
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis

scholarly journals Risk management lessons learned: countrywide report

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Yale ◽  
Hugh Grove ◽  
Maclyn Clouse
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
The State ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Management Committee ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Accounting Report ◽  
Risk Management Committee

International and U.S. banks should benefit from studying Countrywide Financial Corporation’s business practices leading up to the 2008 financial crisis in order to develop lessons learned for improved risk management and corporate governance by both boards of directors and management. Especially for U.S. banks, the 2010 Dodd-Frank Act now requires all U.S. banks supervised by the Federal Reserve Bank to have risk management committees with at least one “risk management expert” on the committee. However, the $6.2 billion “London whale” loss at JPMorgan Chase in 2012 has motivated large institutional shareholders of JPMorgan Chase common stock to demand the removal of three risk management board members. It was hard to determine the “risk management expert” among the four committee members: a JPMorgan Chase director since 1991, the head of Honeywell International, a former KPMG executive, or the president of the American Museum of National History. Internationally, the proportion of bank boards that have risk committees was significantly higher in Europe in 2005 (26.6%) than in the United States (9.6%) (Allemand et al 2013). When a board decides to create a risk committee, it shows greater awareness of the importance of risk management and control (Hermanson 2003). When risks are complex and when the regulatory environment is strong, the creation of a risk committee becomes necessary and a risk management committee can help to make the profile risk of a bank more intelligible to the board. The presence of such a committee should lead to a lower risk (Brown, Steen and Foreman 2009). However, Countrywide had a risk management committee. Although it was repeatedly warned of investment risks by senior Countrywide executives, it ignored such risk warnings. Similarly, a weak system of management control was found to be a key, recurring structural factor in corporate governance implications from the 2008 financial crisis (Grove et al 2012). The following excerpts from the forensic accounting report on Countrywide are used to develop six key risk management lessons that should have been learned by any bank risk management committee for improved corporate governance. This forensic accounting report for Countrywide Financial Services was prepared by Gordon Yale, a practicing forensic accountant in Denver, Colorado. This forensic investigation of Countrywide was performed at the request of the Attorney General of the State of Florida who used the resulting forensic report in litigation against Countrywide’s Chief Executive Officer, Angelo Mozilo. A Florida court threw the Mozilo case out because Mr. Mozilo was not a resident of the state. Before an appeal by the Florida Attorney General was decided, the Mozilo case was dropped because Bank of America, which had acquired Countrywide as it neared financial collapse in 2008, settled a larger action with eleven states, including Florida, for approximately $8.4 billion. In doing so, Bank of America avoided prosecution for Countrywide’s alleged fraudulent conduct – inducing customers into taking out subprime mortgages and other risky, high-cost loans. The State of Florida’s share of that settlement was nearly $1 billion. This forensic report was used to develop key risk management lessons learned from Countrywide which was the largest generator of these risky, “no-doc” (no significant applicant qualifications) subprime mortgages and other high-cost loans which helped precipitate the 2008 financial crisis.

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Government Debt of Six Large National Economies before and after the 2008 Financial Crisis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Jean Loo ◽  
Haihong He
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
The United States ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
National Economies

This paper investigates the causal relationship between economic growth and government debt of six large national economies ten years before and ten years after the 2008 financial crisis. There have been numerous studies on whether government debt has any negative effect on economic growth. The results of most empirical studies are mixed depending on the levels of government debt, the countries included in the sample, the sample periods chosen, and the methodologies employed. This paper focuses on six large national economies, namely, the United States, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Canada during the periods ten years before and ten years after the most recent financial crisis of 2008. It is found that there are significant increases in the level of government debt and decreases in economic growth during the ten years after the financial crisis for all six countries. Our results show that the hypothesis that government debt does not Granger-cause economic growth is rejected for all six countries combined for the pre- financial crisis sub-period and the whole sample period, but not for the post financial crisis sub-period.  The hypothesis that economic growth does not Granger-cause government debt is also rejected for both the pre- and post- financial crisis sub-periods as well as for the whole period. In short, our investigation documented a bidirectional Granger causality between government debt and economic growth during periods ten years before, ten years after, and the combined periods before and after the 2008 financial crisis. The evidence also suggests that economic growth reduced government debt for most countries during all three sample periods.

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