The effect of female voice on verbal processing

The purpose of this article is to update the management of the treatment of the female voice at perimenopause and menopause. Voice and hormones—these are 2 words that clash, meet, and harmonize. If we are to solve this inquiry, we shall inevitably have to understand the hormones, their impact, and the scars of time. The endocrine effects on laryngeal structures are numerous: The actions of estrogens and progesterone produce modification of glandular secretions. Low dose of androgens are secreted principally by the adrenal cortex, but they are also secreted by the ovaries. Their effect may increase the low pitch and decease the high pitch of the voice at menopause due to important diminution of estrogens and the privation of progesterone. The menopausal voice syndrome presents clinical signs, which we will describe. I consider menopausal patients to fit into 2 broad types: the “Modigliani” types, rather thin and slender with little adipose tissue, and the “Rubens” types, with a rounded figure with more fat cells. Androgen derivatives are transformed to estrogens in fat cells. Hormonal replacement therapy should be carefully considered in the context of premenopausal symptom severity as alternative medicine. Hippocrates: “Your diet is your first medicine.”

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An Alternative to Cohen's κ

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.11.1.12 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 12-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Alexander von Eye

Keyword(s):

Simulation Study ◽

Null Hypothesis ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Alternative Measure ◽

Rater Agreement ◽

Verbal Processing ◽

Heavy Tailed ◽

Applicant Selection

At the level of manifest categorical variables, a large number of coefficients and models for the examination of rater agreement has been proposed and used. The most popular of these is Cohen's κ. In this article, a new coefficient, κ s , is proposed as an alternative measure of rater agreement. Both κ and κ s allow researchers to determine whether agreement in groups of two or more raters is significantly beyond chance. Stouffer's z is used to test the null hypothesis that κ s = 0. The coefficient κ s allows one, in addition to evaluating rater agreement in a fashion parallel to κ, to (1) examine subsets of cells in agreement tables, (2) examine cells that indicate disagreement, (3) consider alternative chance models, (4) take covariates into account, and (5) compare independent samples. Results from a simulation study are reported, which suggest that (a) the four measures of rater agreement, Cohen's κ, Brennan and Prediger's κ n , raw agreement, and κ s are sensitive to the same data characteristics when evaluating rater agreement and (b) both the z-statistic for Cohen's κ and Stouffer's z for κ s are unimodally and symmetrically distributed, but slightly heavy-tailed. Examples use data from verbal processing and applicant selection.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the occipital pole interferes with verbal processing in blind subjects.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1000608.247748 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Hagoort

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Verbal Processing ◽

Occipital Pole ◽

Stimulation Of

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Epilogue: Revealing Garments

10.1093/oso/9780198826309.003.0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Lilah Grace Canevaro

Keyword(s):

Turning Point ◽

Female Voice ◽

William Morris ◽

Gender Balance ◽

Samuel Butler ◽

Recent Scholarship ◽

And Gender

The Epilogue considers the semantic and poetological connections between words and weaving, and offers a broader perspective that brings in Tennyson, Waterhouse, and William Morris. Through Aristophanes and Plato it reflects on the cultural, social, and generic expectations of weaving and gender. Female voice is considered, in response to Samuel Butler but also in light of recent scholarship, translation, and literature that has changed the gender balance of Homeric studies. The Epilogue situates this book at a turning point, and reiterates its place in the discourse. Again through Morris, it returns to the all-important issue of representation, offering a final reflection on the particular status of objects in poetry.

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USING COMPUTERS TO FACILITATE VISUAL THINKING: AN ANALOGY BETWEEN VISUAL AND VERBAL PROCESSING

Reading Psychology ◽

10.1080/0270271880090411 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 455-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Landra L. Rezabek ◽

Tillman J. Ragan

Keyword(s):

Visual Thinking ◽

Verbal Processing

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Voce voco. Ariadne in Ovids Heroides und die ‘weibliche’ Stimme

Mnemosyne ◽

10.1163/156852511x547811 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 219-237

Author(s):

Christoph Pieper

Keyword(s):

Literary Tradition ◽

Female Voice ◽

Male Dominance ◽

Second Step ◽

Roman Literature ◽

Literary Character ◽

The Future ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Female Perspective

Abstract The article analyses how Ovid in the 10th letter of his Heroides experiments with the concept of a female voice within Roman literature. Ovid constructs Ariadne as a literary speaker against the background of (1) the Augustan elegiac tradition with its mostly male speakers, (2) the earlier phases of the Ariadne-myth in which Ariadne’s fate is determined by men (Theseus and Bacchus), and (3) the reception of this myth in Catullus’ famous ecphrasis in carmen 64. In the beginning of Heroides 10, Ovid shows how Ariadne develops consciousness of her own ability to speak. She develops from a heterodiegetic (epic) narrator to a homodiegetic (elegiac) speaker. In a second step, however, Ovid demonstrates that Ariadne is not only generally inexperienced in the field of literature, but that her attempt to re-shape her own story from a female perspective must necessarily fail. Her literary character cannot be separated from the previous (male) myth. At the end of the letter, she accepts her own literary immaturity when she asks Theseus to be the future narrator of her own fate. By showing that Ovid in his Ariadne-letter actually stages the failure of his protagonist’s attempt to free herself from a male literary tradition, I suggest that the Heroides should not be read as female literature, but as texts which reaffirm male dominance within Roman literary society.

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