scholarly journals Re-opening live events and large venues after Covid-19 ‘lockdown’: Behavioural risks and their mitigations

2021 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 105243 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Drury ◽  
M. Brooke Rogers ◽  
Theresa M. Marteau ◽  
Lucy Yardley ◽  
Stephen Reicher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
T O Lawoyin ◽  
U Larsen ◽  
H Osinowo ◽  
M E Walker

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e0223709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Starling ◽  
Anne Fawcett ◽  
Bethany Wilson ◽  
James Serpell ◽  
Paul McGreevy

Author(s):  
S. V. Kedar, Et. al.

Handwriting is an action administered by the brain like each and every other action. This procedure is frequently insensible and is closely tied to instincts from brain. Any kind of sickness affects the kinetic movement and reflects in a person’s handwriting. To recognize the health and mental problems, it is important to focus on how the person writes instead of what person writes. This also makes the procedure of handwriting analysis is independent of at all languages. Person handwriting is scientific proof that whatsoever person writes subconsciously it affects in handwriting. The structures related to motion, time and pressure have been used for analysis of person health. Cancer is the second top cause of death globally, and is accountable for an estimated 9.8 million deaths in 2019. Universally, around 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer. On an approximation 72% of deaths due to cancer are in middle and low salaried countries. One third deaths from cancer are due to 5 foremost dietary and behavioural risks that are low fruit and vegetable intake, lack of physical activity, high body mass index, tobacco use, and consumption of alcohol. Cancer can be cured if the person gets to know as soon as possible. So, substitute method to patterned whether the person is diagnosed from a cancer or not, can be done by handwriting sample. For this testing 100 various person sample are used for diverse handwriting data samples. To find a solution to this mounting problem we propose the method of cancer characteristics detection by utilizing handwritten text by machine learning, SVM. Various machine learning methods were used to find a model, which can discriminate statistically Cancer patients with approximately 90%accuracy. The classification we use to discriminate are SVM, Naïve Bayes algorithms.


Author(s):  
Jack Ume Tocco

This chapter addresses the secrecy surrounding homosexuality in Northern Nigeria and its implications for HIV transmission and prevention. Masu harka (‘men who have sex with men’) enjoy considerable latitude to pursue same-sex relationships given male privilege and Islamic norms of gender segregation. However they nearly always marry women and keep knowledge of their homosexuality hidden. Rights-based responses to AIDS, predicated on public admissions of risk-specific identity, have failed to yield initiatives that address the sexual health of masu harka in this context. Institutional inaction, sexual secrecy, and heightened bio-behavioural risks have resulted in HIV burden among masu harka that is much greater than among the general population. Because masu harka are sexually well integrated into the broader society, they contribute disproportionately, if unwittingly, to Northern Nigeria’s AIDS epidemic. This underscores the need for HIV interventions that specifically address male-to-male sexual transmission while recognising the difficulties such initiatives would face.


2021 ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Christopher Dye

Consumers are ultimately responsible for ‘behavioural’ risks to their health, but the behaviours in question are also those of manufacturers and governments, and the burden of choice on consumers is lighter when shared. Governments, in particular, have the motives, means, and powers to intervene between commercial supply and consumer demand. Among the most effective instruments of government are taxation and regulation, especially for the control of single, major causes of illness such as tobacco and sugar. Taxes put a value on the future, today: consumers and manufacturers can choose to pay immediately for the costs incurred to society in future, or switch to healthier lifestyles and business practices. In practice, governments under pressure from lobbyists tend to under-tax harmful commodities, so other enticements are needed too. In this context, empirical studies show health promotion is complementary to disease prevention—making health gains while avoiding health losses—especially when the joint benefits for health are large.


2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENRIETTE ENGELHARDT ◽  
ISABELLA BUBER ◽  
VEGARD SKIRBEKK ◽  
ALEXIA PRSKAWETZ

ABSTRACTThis study analyses the relationships between cognitive performance, social participation and behavioural risks, taking into account age and educational attainment. We examine individual data for 11 European countries and Israel from the first wave of the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The stochastic frontier approach methodology enables us to identify different sources of plasticity on cognitive functioning while taking into account age-related decline in cognitive performance. Several social participation variables were examined: employment status, attending educational courses, doing voluntary or charity work, providing help to family, friends or neighbours, participating in sports, social or other clubs, in a religious organisation and in a political or community organisation, and we controlled for age, education, income, physical activity, body-mass index, smoking and drinking. In the pooled sample, the results clearly show that all kinds of social involvement enhance cognitive functions, in particular in work. Moreover, behavioural risks such as physical inactivity, obesity, smoking or drinking were clearly detrimental to cognitive performance. Models for men and women were run separately. For both genders, all social involvement indicators associated with better cognitive performance. The results varied by countries, however, particularly the signs of the associations with a number of indicators of social involvement and behavioural risks.


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