scholarly journals Using sibling models to unpack the relationship between education and cognitive functioning in later life

2021 ◽  
pp. 100960
Author(s):  
Pamela Herd ◽  
Kamil Sicinski
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Sibling Models ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Racial Disparities in Cognitive Functioning: The Mediating Role of Social Resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 342-342
Author(s):  
Kazi Sabrina Haq ◽  
Margaret Penning
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Racial Minority ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Despite frequent recognition of disparities in cognitive functioning between White and non-White older adults, the pathways or mechanisms through which race affects cognitive functioning have yet to be elucidated. The research questions addressed in this paper are: 1) Is there a relationship between racial minority status and cognitive functioning in middle and later life? 2) To what extent do social resources (i.e., social support, social networks, and social participation) mediate the relationship between racial minority status and cognitive functioning? 3) Finally, drawing on intersectionality theory, if social resources do mediate the relationship between racial minority status and cognitive functioning, to what extent is this mediation effect moderated by the interaction of gender and Socioeconomic Status (SES)? Using cross-sectional data drawn from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) with a sample of over 50,000 Canadians (2010-15) aged 45 to 85 years, multivariate regression analyses (OLS, logistic, multinomial logistic) assess the mediating effect of social resources on the relationship between racial minority status and cognitive functioning. Controlling for age, gender and other relevant determinants, preliminary results reveal that racial disparities in cognitive functioning (i.e., lower cognitive test scores) exist in Canada and that this relationship is partially mediated by some indicators of social resources (e.g., functional social support, emotional social support). Our findings suggest the need for interventions targeted at increasing social resources for racial minority groups to cope with the risk of developing cognitive impairment in later life.

Participation in activities mediates the effect of Internet use on cognitive functioning in old age

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Stefan T. Kamin ◽  
Alexander Seifert ◽  
Frieder R. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Research indicates that Internet use positively influences cognitive functioning in later life, but we do not know the behavioral pathways that explain this association. This study explored the role of participation in activities as a potential mediator of the relationship between Internet use and cognitive functioning over a 4-year period. We analyzed representative data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The sample included 8353 European participants between 50 and 97 years of age. We used data from 2013 (T1), 2015 (T2), and 2017 (T3). Participants reported whether they participated in a diverse range of social and leisure activities. In addition, they provided information about their Internet use as well as cognitive functioning measures. Findings from cross-lagged panel analysis indicated a positive association between Internet use and change in cognition over the course of 4 years. This relationship was partly mediated by the number of reported activities. Internet use was positively associated with the change in activities after 2 years, which, in turn, positively predicted cognitive functioning 2 more years later. This is the first study that explores the temporal sequence of Internet use, participation in activities, and cognitive functioning. It sheds light on the mechanisms that account for the positive effects of Internet use on healthy aging.

scholarly journals GROWING UP ON A FARM AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN LATER LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S57-S57
Author(s):  
Pamela Herd ◽  
Sanjay Asthana ◽  
Kamil Sicinski
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Wisconsin Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract There is growing interest in rural disadvantage and the implications for health and well-being in later life. We examine the relationship between living in rural areas in childhood and cognitive outcomes later in life using the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. The WLS has prospective childhood measures of geographic status, adolescent IQ, and detailed measures of socioeconomic status, combined with later life measures of health and cognitive functioning. We find a robust relationship between rurality and lower levels of cognitive functioning, but it is explained by growing up on a farm.

Cognitive Factors Mediate the Relation Between Age and Flight Path Maintenance in General Aviation

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Van Benthem ◽  
Chris M. Herdman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Pilot Error ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Identifying pilot attributes associated with risk is important, especially in general aviation where pilot error is implicated in most accidents. This research examined the relationship of pilot age, expertise, and cognitive functioning to deviations from an ideal circuit trajectory. In all, 54 pilots, of varying age, flew a Cessna 172 simulator. Cognitive measures were obtained using the CogScreen-AE ( Kay, 1995 ). Older age and lower levels of expertise and cognitive functioning were associated with significantly greater flight path deviations. The relationship between age and performance was fully mediated by a cluster of cognitive factors: speed and working memory, visual attention, and cognitive flexibility. These findings add to the literature showing that age-related changes in cognition may impact pilot performance.

The Relationship between Cognitive Functioning and Adjudicative Competence

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Caillouet ◽  
Jesse Brand ◽  
Bernice Marcopulos ◽  
Julie-Ann Kent
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Adjudicative Competence ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Physical Activity as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Race or Ethnicity and Changes in Multimorbidity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 342-342
Author(s):  
Jason Newsom ◽  
Emily Denning ◽  
Ana Quinones ◽  
Miriam Elman ◽  
Anda Botoseneanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Racial/ethnic disparities in multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions) and their rate of accumulation over time have been established. Studies report differences in physical activity across racial/ethnic groups. We investigated whether racial/ethnic differences in accumulation of multimorbidity over a 10-year period (2004-2014) were mediated by physical activity using data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 10,724, mean age = 63.5 years). Structural equation modeling was used to estimate a latent growth curve model of changes in the number of self-reported chronic conditions (of nine) and investigate whether the relationship of race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic White) to change in the number of chronic conditions was mediated by physical activity after controlling for age, sex, education, marital status, personal wealth, and insurance coverage. Results indicated that Blacks engaged in significantly lower levels of physical activity than Whites (b = -.171, □ = -.153, p < .001), but there were no differences between Hispanics and Whites (b = -.010, □ = -.008, ns). Physical activity also significantly predicted both lower initial levels of multimorbidity (b = -1.437, □ = -.420, p < .001) and greater decline in multimorbidity (b = -.039, □ = -.075, p < .001). The indirect (mediational) effect for the Black vs. White comparison was significant (b = .007, □ = .011, 95% CI [.004,.010]). These results provide important new information for understanding how modifiable lifestyle factors may help explain disparities in multimorbidity in middle and later life, suggesting greater need to reduce sedentary behavior and increase activity.

scholarly journals Unmet Caregiving Needs Are Associated With Cognitive Functioning Among Older Sepsis Survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 255-255
Author(s):  
Jo-Ana Chase ◽  
Lizyeka Jordan ◽  
Christina Whitehouse ◽  
Kathryn Bowles
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Caregiver Training ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Information Set ◽  
Sepsis Survivors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Care Outcome

Abstract Sepsis survivorship is associated with cognitive decline and complex post-acute care needs. Family caregivers may be unprepared to manage these needs, resulting in decline or no improvement in patient outcomes. Using a national dataset of Medicare beneficiaries who were discharged from the hospital for sepsis and received post-acute HHC between 2013 and 2014 (n=165,228), we examined the relationship between unmet caregiving needs and improvement or decline in cognitive functioning. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine associations between unmet caregiving needs at the start of HHC and changes in cognitive functioning. Unmet caregiving needs included seven items from the start of care Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS). Changes in cognitive functioning were measured using the start of care and discharge OASIS assessments. Twenty-four percent of patients either declined or did not improve in cognitive functioning from HHC admission to discharge, with variation seen by unmet need type. Sepsis survivors with unmet caregiving needs for activities of daily living assistance (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01, 1.09), medication assistance (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02,1.10), and supervision and safety assistance (OR 1.110, 95% CI 1.06,1.16) were more likely to decline or not improve in cognitive functioning, even after accounting for clinical and demographic characteristics. Older sepsis survivors with both cognitive impairment and unmet caregiving needs in the post-acute HHC setting are at high-risk for worsening cognition. Alerting the care team of cognitively impaired sepsis survivors with unmet caregiving needs may trigger evidence-based strategies to enhance caregiver training and reduce unmet caregiving needs.

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