Physical Activity as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Race or Ethnicity and Changes in Multimorbidity

Abstract Racial/ethnic disparities in multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions) and their rate of accumulation over time have been established. Studies report differences in physical activity across racial/ethnic groups. We investigated whether racial/ethnic differences in accumulation of multimorbidity over a 10-year period (2004-2014) were mediated by physical activity using data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 10,724, mean age = 63.5 years). Structural equation modeling was used to estimate a latent growth curve model of changes in the number of self-reported chronic conditions (of nine) and investigate whether the relationship of race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic White) to change in the number of chronic conditions was mediated by physical activity after controlling for age, sex, education, marital status, personal wealth, and insurance coverage. Results indicated that Blacks engaged in significantly lower levels of physical activity than Whites (b = -.171, □ = -.153, p < .001), but there were no differences between Hispanics and Whites (b = -.010, □ = -.008, ns). Physical activity also significantly predicted both lower initial levels of multimorbidity (b = -1.437, □ = -.420, p < .001) and greater decline in multimorbidity (b = -.039, □ = -.075, p < .001). The indirect (mediational) effect for the Black vs. White comparison was significant (b = .007, □ = .011, 95% CI [.004,.010]). These results provide important new information for understanding how modifiable lifestyle factors may help explain disparities in multimorbidity in middle and later life, suggesting greater need to reduce sedentary behavior and increase activity.

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Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Physical Activity in Later Life: The Role of Perceived Neighborhood Cohesion and Wealth in Adulthood

Journal of Applied Gerontology ◽

10.1177/0733464820969312 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 073346482096931

Author(s):

Cassandra L. Hua ◽

J. Scott Brown

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Later Life ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Neighborhood Social Cohesion ◽

Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽

The Relationship

The literature indicates that perceived neighborhood social cohesion is related to later life physical activity. However, there is no research that examines the role of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) in shaping this relationship. We use data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006–2016; N = 8,754) and a structural equation modeling approach to examine whether perceived neighborhood social cohesion and adulthood wealth mediate the relationship between childhood SES and physical activity. Perceived neighborhood social cohesion and adulthood wealth have small but statistically significant mediational effects in the relationship between childhood SES and physical activity. Research on the relationship between health and place should consider the potential impact of childhood circumstances on the neighborhood one lives in during adulthood.

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Analysis of household attitudes towards mobile banking in kota padang Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Method

International Journal on Integrated Education ◽

10.31149/ijie.v3i9.620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

pp. 198-207

Author(s):

Marshely Zulhaisa ◽

Syafruddin Karimi ◽

Endrizal Ridwan

Keyword(s):

Sex Education ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Primary Data ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Mobile Banking ◽

Analysis Method ◽

The Relationship ◽

Method Show ◽

Technology Systems

The purpose of this study was to determine the household interest in using mobile banking in Padang City. The factors studied in this research were risks, benefits, conveniences, trusts, and technology systems. This study used primary data by conducting a field survey through questionnaires distributed to 273 respondents in the Sawahan Village, East Padang District, Padang City. The data analysis method in this research wass qualitative by using descriptive analysis techniques and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) processed with the AMOS program. Descriptive analysis was used to show the relationship between respondent characteristics such as age, sex, education level, occupation, and income and the respondent’s interests in mobile banking. While the results of the analysis obtained by the SEM method show that perceived benefits, perceived conveniences, perceived risks, technology systems influence household interest in mobile banking in Padang City, there is no influence of perceived trusts on household interest in mobile banking in Padang City.

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Modeling Longitudinal Relationships Between Habit and Physical Activity: Two Cross-Lagged Panel Design Studies in Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2016-0212 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 464-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rob J.H. van Bree ◽

Catherine Bolman ◽

Aart N. Mudde ◽

Maartje M. van Stralen ◽

Denise A. Peels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Functional Limitations ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Design Studies ◽

Mediation Effects ◽

Measurement Results ◽

The Relationship ◽

Longitudinal Relationships

These longitudinal studies in older adults targeted mediated relationships between habit and physical activity (PA). In The Netherlands two independent studies were conducted among 1976 (Study 1: Mage = 63.63, SD = 8.66, 30% functional limitations) and 2140 (Study 2: Mage = 62.75, SD = 8.57, 45% functional limitations) adults aged 50 years or older. Cross-lagged panel designs were applied to examine whether habit mediates the relationship between prior and later PA and whether PA simultaneously mediates the relationship between prior and later habit. Data on habit and PA were collected by means of questionnaires at baseline (t0) and at 6 (t1) and 12 (t2) months after baseline measurement. Results of structural equation modeling analyses were not unambiguous. Indications for the existence of both hypothesized mediation effects were found, but no clear, unequivocal pattern appeared. Somewhat more support was found for the PA-habit-PA path than for the habit-PA-habit path. More research is needed to draw more definitive conclusions.

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The Relationship Between Self-Regulatory Efficacy and Physical Activity in Adolescents With a Caveat: A Cross-Lag Design Examining Weather

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2019-0247 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 210-216

Author(s):

Kathleen S. Wilson ◽

Kevin S. Spink

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Cold Weather ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Future Research ◽

School Year ◽

Warm Weather ◽

The Relationship

Purpose: The use of self-efficacy to predict physical activity has a long history. However, this relationship is complex, as self-efficacy is thought to influence and be influenced by physical activity. The directionality of the self-regulatory efficacy (SRE) and physical activity relationship was examined using a cross-lagged design. A secondary purpose was to examine these relationships across differing weather conditions. Methods: Canadian adolescents (N = 337; aged between 13 and 18 years) completed the physical activity and SRE measures 4 times during a school year. Structural equation modeling was used to perform a cross-lag analysis. Results: The relationships between physical activity and SRE appeared to be weather dependent. During a more challenging weather period (eg, cold weather), the relationship between physical activity and SRE was bidirectional. However, no relationship emerged when the 2 constructs were assessed during a more optimal weather period (eg, warm weather). Conclusions: Some support has been provided for the bidirectional nature of the relationship between physical activity and SRE. The relationship appeared to be qualified by climate considerations, suggesting that future research examine how weather may relate not just to physical activity but also to the correlates of physical activity.

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Physical Activity as a Regulatory Variable between Adolescents’ Motivational Processes and Satisfaction with Life

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16152765 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (15) ◽

pp. 2765 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mikel Vaquero Solís ◽

Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel ◽

Miguel Ángel Tapia Serrano ◽

Juan J. Pulido ◽

Damián Iglesias Gallego

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Autonomous Motivation ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

The Other ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Controlled Motivation ◽

The Relationship

Framed within Self-Determination Theory, the objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs, levels of motivation, physical activity, and satisfaction with life. Methods: A total of 487 students participated, comprising males (n = 262) and females (n = 225), aged between 14 and 16 years (M = 15.02; SD = 0.87), from different secondary schools. Results: A regression analysis was carried out (structural equation modeling) that revealed the existence of two theoretical lines, one positive and the other negative, where the satisfaction of basic psychological needs was positively related to autonomous motivation and physical activity, which predicted satisfaction with life. On the other hand, the frustration of basic psychological needs was positively related to controlled motivation, whereas controlled motivation (introjected regulation and extrinsic regulation) was inversely associated with physical activity and satisfaction with life. Conclusion: The results show the importance of motivational processes in physical activity, and the effects of physical activity on satisfaction with life in adolescents who spend more time engaged in physical activity.

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Academic Achievement and Physical Activity: The Ideal Relationship to Promote a Healthier Lifestyle in Adolescents

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2019-0320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 525-532

Author(s):

Sergio Estrada-Tenorio ◽

José A. Julián ◽

Alberto Aibar ◽

José Martín-Albo ◽

Javier Zaragoza

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Academic Achievement ◽

School Environment ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Explanatory Models ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Curvilinear Relationship ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

Background: School environment provides several intervention opportunities for physical activity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between objectively assessed moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and academic achievement in adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from 301 students aged between 13 and 15 years (46.51% boys), enrolled at 7 secondary schools in the city of Huesca (Spain). Participants wore accelerometers during a 7-day period, and their academic achievement was calculated from the average marks of all subjects. Structural equation modeling and quadratic regression analysis were performed to test both linear and nonlinear explanatory models. One-way analysis of variance was also performed to explore the effect of gender and the percentage of compliance with MVPA recommendations. Results: MVPA on weekdays and higher levels of body mass index were negatively associated with academic achievement. According to the curvilinear relationship, those students whose MVPA levels were closer to the daily recommendation were more likely to obtain higher academic achievement. However, a significant association was only shown in the case of boys. Conclusions: Adolescents who satisfy the international recommendations tend to obtain better academic achievement. Therefore, MVPA for adolescents should be prescribed within some beneficial time margins (50–70 min/d).

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Parental and Peer Support Matters: A Broad Umbrella of the Role of Perceived Social Support in the Association between Children’s Perceived Motor Competence and Physical Activity

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126646 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6646

Author(s):

Cristina Menescardi ◽

Isaac Estevan

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Support ◽

Motor Development ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Model Fit ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Motor Competence ◽

Indirect Path ◽

The Relationship

(1) Background: This study aimed to examine the role of social support in the relationship between perceived motor competence (MC) and physical activity (PA), according to the conceptual model of Motor Development. (2) Methods: Participants were 518 students (46.5% girls), 8–12 years old. By using a structural equation modeling approach, path analysis was used to test the actual-perceived MC relationship and the mediating influence of social support on the perceived MC–PA relationship. Analyses were done with age and sex as covariates. (3) Results: The results showed a good model fit (CFI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.07; SRMR = 0.02), where actual MC was positively associated with perceived MC (ß = 0.26, p < 0.001), which in turn was positively related to social support (ß = 0.34, p < 0.001). The model showed the direct social support-PA path (ß = 0.42, p < 0.001) and the indirect path from perceived MC through social support to PA (ß = 0.14, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: This study confirms that social support mediates the perceived MC–PA relationship. As such, it is not only important to build and develop children’s actual and perceived MC, but also to promote social support for PA engagement.

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Examining the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model Revised with Self-Compassion among Hong Kong Secondary School Students Using Structural Equation Modeling

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073661 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3661

Author(s):

Ming-Yu Claudia Wong ◽

Pak-Kwong Chung ◽

Ka-Man Leung

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Secondary School ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Secondary School Students ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

School Students ◽

Self Compassion ◽

The Relationship

The association between physical activity in achieving mental health benefits and subjective well-being is consistently identified by empirical research. The causation of a positive self-concept created by physical exercise is empirically supported by Sonstroem and Morgan’s (1988) exercise and self-esteem model (EXSEM). However, various drawbacks of maintaining high self-esteem have been identified; thus, the concept of self-compassion was conjectured to be a form of “true self-esteem.” Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and self-compassion by examining the exercise and self-esteem model revised with self-compassion (EXSEM-SC). This study recruited secondary school students from Hong Kong using convenience sampling. The structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, including path analysis and multiple indicators, multiple causes (MIMIC) modeling, were used to reveal the results of the study. The results (n = 1097) indicated that the relationship between physical activity and self-compassion could be demonstrated by the EXSEM-SC, with a satisfactory goodness-of-fit index in the SEMs. The SEM also demonstrated the direct paths from physical activity to self-compassion and mental well-being, indicating the significant effect of physical activity on self-compassion.

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Physical Activity and Motor Competence Present a Positive Reciprocal Longitudinal Relationship Across Childhood and Early Adolescence

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2016-0473 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 440-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Rodrigo A. Lima ◽

Karin Pfeiffer ◽

Lisbeth R. Larsen ◽

Anna Bugge ◽

Niels C. Moller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Reciprocal Relationship ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Motor Competence ◽

Longitudinal Association ◽

The Relationship ◽

Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Background:The current study evaluated the reciprocal longitudinal relationship between physical activity (PA) and motor competence (MC) and the potential mediation of cardiorespiratory endurance across 7 years.Methods:This was a 7-year longitudinal study, the Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study (CoSCIS), with 3 measuring points [mean ages (in years) and respective sample size: 6.75 ± 0.37, n = 696; 9.59 ± 1.07, n = 617; 13.35 ± 0.34, n = 513]. PA was assessed using accelerometers. MC was evaluated by the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) test battery. Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) was evaluated using a continuous running protocol until exhaustion. Structural equation modeling was performed to evaluate the longitudinal associations.Results:Vigorous PA (VPA) and MC presented reciprocal longitudinal association during the 7-year follow-up (VPA → MC; β = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.26; MC → VPA; β = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.21). In addition, VO2peak mediated the relationship in both directions (VPA → MC; β = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.12; MC → VPA; β = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.09).Conclusions:PA and MC presented a positive reciprocal relationship across childhood through early adolescence and VO2peak mediated the association in both directions. Interventions targeting to increase PA in children and adolescents should also address the development of MC skills because of the clear positive feedback loop between PA and MC.

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The Relationship Between Park Satisfaction, Place Attachment and Revisit Intention in Neighborhood Parks with Physical Activity Facilities

Journal of Education and Learning ◽

10.5539/jel.v9n2p178 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 178 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hüseyin Çevik

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Local Governments ◽

Place Attachment ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Important Place ◽

Revisit Intention ◽

The Relationship ◽

Neighborhood Parks

The urban population is increasing day by day, threatening human health. Neighborhood parks in which people can participate in physical activities have an important place in reducing the negative effects of urban life. However, not much is known much about factors such as “park satisfaction” and “place attachment”, which may play a role in the visitors’ participation in and continuation of physical activity in neighborhood parks, or the relationship between these factors. The purpose of this study was thus to examine the relationship between park satisfaction, place attachment and revisit intention. The data were obtained using the convenience sampling method from 357 park visitors who visited a park for physical activity. The methodological principles of structural equation modeling were used to test the conceptual model based on the literature review. According to the results, park satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on park attachment. In addition, park attachment played a mediating role between satisfaction and revisit intention. As a result, a theoretical and comprehensive model that revealed the relationship between park satisfaction, park attachment and revisit intention was developed. It is thought that the results will guide local governments, managers responsible for parks and park designers in maintaining open-air recreation facilities and services in urban areas.

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