Calving sex ratio as related to the predicted Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa ratio in bull ejaculates

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Chandler ◽  
Tara M. Taylor ◽  
Anita L. Canal ◽  
Richard K. Cooper ◽  
E. Barry Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Y Chromosome

scholarly journals DO ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS MALES PRODUCE Y-CHROMOSOME-BIASED EJACULATES? IMPLICATIONS FOR ADAPTIVE SEX RATIO THEORIES

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy W. DeYoung ◽  
Lisa I. Muller ◽  
Stephen Demarais ◽  
H. David Guthrie ◽  
Glenn R. Welch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Y Chromosome

Variation in Y chromosome meiotic drive in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): a potential genetic approach to mosquito control

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Owusu-Daaku ◽  
R. J. Wood ◽  
R. D. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Genetic Approach ◽  
Single Form ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
Sex Ratio Distortion

AbstractReciprocal crosses between strains of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) from different geographical areas have revealed an unexpectedly complex pattern of holandrically inherited male biased sex ratios in F2. The variation has been interpreted in terms of a web of X–Y interactions in Fl, in which the Y chromosome may or may not show meiotic drive against the X chromosome with which it is paired. The pattern of inheritance is not in agreement with a single form of Y chromosome, driving with different degrees of intensity against Xs of different sensitivity, but indicates different forms of driving Y chromosome. A rule has emerged that if Fl males from any cross give rise to a male distorted sex ratio in their progeny (F2), the males from the reciprocal cross give rise to a normal sex ratio. All eleven newly colonized strains from Ghana showed Y meiotic drive against the Xs of five strains, one of American and four of Australian origin, although one of the eleven showed a greater degree of drive than the other ten against the same sensitive strains. The variation observed is discussed in relation to previous studies on meiotic drive by the MD haplotype, and to the possible exploitation of sex ratio distortion in controlling this potentially dangerous insect.

scholarly journals The Potential for a Released Autosomal X-Shredder Becoming a Driving-Y Chromosome and Invasively Suppressing Wild Populations of Malaria Mosquitoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehonatan Alcalay ◽  
Silke Fuchs ◽  
Roberto Galizi ◽  
Federica Bernardini ◽  
Roya Elaine Haghighat-Khah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Malaria Mosquitoes ◽  
Population Suppression ◽  
Sex Ratio Distortion ◽  
Sterile Male Releases

Sex-ratio distorters based on X-chromosome shredding are more efficient than sterile male releases for population suppression. X-shredding is a form of sex distortion that skews spermatogenesis of XY males towards the preferential transmission of Y-bearing gametes, resulting in a higher fraction of sons than daughters. Strains harboring X-shredders on autosomes were first developed in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, resulting in strong sex-ratio distortion. Since autosomal X-shredders are transmitted in a Mendelian fashion and can be selected against, their frequency in the population declines once releases are halted. However, unintended transfer of X-shredders to the Y-chromosome could produce an invasive meiotic drive element, that benefits from its biased transmission to the predominant male-biased offspring and its effective shielding from female negative selection. Indeed, linkage to the Y-chromosome of an active X-shredder instigated the development of the nuclease-based X-shredding system. Here, we analyze mechanisms whereby an autosomal X-shredder could become unintentionally Y-linked after release by evaluating the stability of an established X-shredder strain that is being considered for release, exploring its potential for remobilization in laboratory and wild-type genomes of An. gambiae and provide data regarding expression on the mosquito Y-chromosome. Our data suggest that an invasive X-shredder resulting from a post-release movement of such autosomal transgenes onto the Y-chromosome is unlikely.

scholarly journals The potential for a released autosomal X-shredder becoming a driving-Y chromosome and invasively suppressing wild populations of malaria mosquitoes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehonatan Alcalay ◽  
Silke Fuchs ◽  
Roberto Galizi ◽  
Federica Bernardini ◽  
Roya Elaine Haghighat-Khah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Unexpected Event ◽  
Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Malaria Mosquitoes ◽  
Population Suppression

AbstractSynthetic sex-ratio distorters based on X-chromosome shredding are predicted to be more efficient than sterile males for population suppression of malaria mosquitoes using genetic control. X-chromosome shredding operates through the targeted elimination of X-chromosome-bearing gametes during male spermatogenesis, resulting in males that have a high fraction of male offspring. Strains harboring autosomal constructs containing a modified endonuclease I-PpoI have now been developed in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, resulting in strong sex-ratio distortion towards males. Data are being gathered for these strains for submission of regulatory dossiers for contained use and subsequent field release in West Africa. Since autosomal X-shredders are transmitted in a Mendelian fashion and can be selected against their frequency in the population is expected to decline once releases are halted. However, any unintended transfer of the X-shredder to the Y-chromosome could theoretically change these dynamics: This could lead to 100% transmission of the newly Y-linked X-shredder to the predominant male-biased offspring and its insulation from negative selection in females, resulting in its potential spread in the population and ultimately to suppression. Here, we analyze plausible mechanisms whereby an autosomal X-shredder could become linked to the Y-chromosome after release and provide data regarding its potential for activity should it become linked to the Y-chromosome. Our results strongly suggest that Y-chromosome linkage through remobilization of the transposon used for the initial genetic transformation is unlikely, and that, in the unexpected event that the X-shredder becomes linked to the Y-chromosome, expression and activity of the X-shredder would likely be inhibited by meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. We conclude that a functioning X-shredding-based Y-drive resulting from a naturally induced transposition or translocation of the transgene onto the Y-chromosome is unlikely.

scholarly journals A sexing protocol for wild ruminants based on PCR amplification of amelogenin genes AMELX and AMELY (short communication)

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pajares ◽  
I. Álvarez ◽  
I. Fernández ◽  
L. Pérez-Pardal ◽  
F. Goyache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Sex Identification ◽  
Protocol Design ◽  
Wild Ruminant ◽  
Wild Ruminants ◽  
Ruminant Species

Abstract. Based on the sequences of the bovine amelogenin genes, we have designed a protocol for sexing DNA samples of wild ruminants. Basically the protocol consists on the co-amplification of two specific fragments, one from Y-chromosome and one for the X chromosome, making the use of a PCR control unnecessary. It has been demonstrated to be useful for sex identification in a total of 164 samples belonging to six different wild ruminant species. We propose adding to the census procedure commonly based in faecal groups counting, the faecal sampling and application of the protocol design here, to estimate the sex ratio.

scholarly journals Rapid evolution of a Y-chromosome heterochromatin protein underlies sex chromosome meiotic drive

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (15) ◽  
pp. 4110-4115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Helleu ◽  
Pierre R. Gérard ◽  
Raphaëlle Dubruille ◽  
David Ogereau ◽  
Benjamin Prud’homme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Heterochromatin Protein 1 ◽  
Heterochromatin Protein ◽  
Intragenomic Conflict ◽  
Heterochromatin Structure ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences

Sex chromosome meiotic drive, the non-Mendelian transmission of sex chromosomes, is the expression of an intragenomic conflict that can have extreme evolutionary consequences. However, the molecular bases of such conflicts remain poorly understood. Here, we show that a young and rapidly evolving X-linked heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) gene, HP1D2, plays a key role in the classical Paris sex-ratio (SR) meiotic drive occurring in Drosophila simulans. Driver HP1D2 alleles prevent the segregation of the Y chromatids during meiosis II, causing female-biased sex ratio in progeny. HP1D2 accumulates on the heterochromatic Y chromosome in male germ cells, strongly suggesting that it controls the segregation of sister chromatids through heterochromatin modification. We show that Paris SR drive is a consequence of dysfunctional HP1D2 alleles that fail to prepare the Y chromosome for meiosis, thus providing evidence that the rapid evolution of genes controlling the heterochromatin structure can be a significant source of intragenomic conflicts.

scholarly journals Widespread introgression of the Mus musculus musculus Y chromosome in Central Europe

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš Macholán ◽  
Stuart J. E. Baird ◽  
Alena Fornůsková ◽  
Iva Martincová ◽  
Pavel Rubík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Genetic Barrier ◽  
Genetic Conflict ◽  
Mus Musculus Musculus ◽  
Chromosome Introgression ◽  
Large Material

AbstractAccording to Haldane’s rule, sex chromosomes should harbour more incompatibilities than autosomes. As a consequence, transmission of sex-linked genes across a genetic barrier is expected to be hampered. A remarkable example of a contradiction of this assumption was reported from the hybrid zone between two house mouse subspecies in western Czechia and south-eastern Germany where unidirectional east→west Y chromosome introgression was observed. Since the phenomenon was coupled with differences in sex ratio, this was hypothesised to be caused by a genetic conflict between sex-specific genes on sex chromosomes or elsewhere in the genome. Here we capitalise on a large material consisting of almost 7500 mice collected across a vast area from the Baltic Sea to the Alps embracing a ~900 km long portion of the zone with the aim to (i) detect its exact course and (ii) reveal the extent and pattern of the Y chromosome introgression in Central Europe. We show that the path of the zone is quite tortuous even at the global scale and the introgression is rather a rule than an exception. We also show that although sex ratio perturbations described in our previous study appear also in other introgression areas, they may not be ubiquitous. Finally, we reveal that although not all Y chromosome types are associated with the introgression, it is not restricted to a single ‘winning’ haplotype.

scholarly journals THE RELATIVE INFLUENCE OF SEX OF PROGENY ON THE LETHAL EXPRESSION OF THE SONLESS GENE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-296
Author(s):  
James J Colaianne ◽  
A E Bell
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
Lethal Gene ◽  
Interaction Studies ◽  
New Findings

ABSTRACT The sex-linked maternally influenced lethal gene, sonless (snl), in D. melanogaster was shown to affect the survival of daughters as well as sons of snl/snl mothers but to a lesser degree. Interaction studies of sonless with the sex altering mutants transformer (tra) and doublesex (dsx) revealed that any alteration toward increased masculinity of progeny from snl/snl females reduced their zygotic viability, independent of snl dosage or Y chromosome presence or absence. Possible implications of these results are discussed and the original gene action hypothesis for snl is extended to incorporate these new findings.—Sonless is non-allelic but closely linked to rudimentary (r) and fused (fu), two mutants with similar sex-ratio patterns.

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