A Mental Approach to Digital Transformation of Education

Purpose of the study. The rapid and widespread dissemination of digital technologies in society necessitates the fastest and most effective digital transformation of education. The processes of digitalization of education face difficulties associated with unreasonable updates of the means and methods of electronic and distance learning in traditional methodological systems, the unpreparedness of teaching staff for professional activities in the new realities, laboriousness and large material and intellectual costs. In this regard, innovative approaches are of interest to achieve greater efficiency in the digital transformation of the educational process. The work is devoted to the substantiation of a mental approach that develops and complements the principles of modern didactics in the digital transformation of education, and provides an update of the means and methods of teaching using mental technologies.Methodology and methods. The mental approach is built on the foundation of mental schemes that define reality and a person from the position of his mentality, formed as a result of his individual and collective life experience. In the digital era, the approach determines the mechanisms for achieving new goals of education, such as the formation and development in a person of computa- tional, structural, intuitive, algorithmic thinking. The basis of the mental approach is made up of mental learning technologies that use various subject mental structures, concept and mind maps, suggesting a qualitative and meaningful change and correction of individual knowledge mental schemes. Considering learning with the help of mental schemes and mental models, the principles of mental didactics are formulated.Results. The contours of the mental approach in education, which allows the organization of the educational process on the basis of the means and methods of teaching, based on the foundation of mental schemes of thinking, are outlined. It provides a real opportunity to implement the principles of person-centered learning, for example, through the “transparent” box model, mental learning primitives, inverted resources and transforming resources, as well as mental technologies. The method of algorithmic primitives for the development of structural thinking is described. New approaches to the presenta- tion of electronic educational resources in an inverted form and in a transformer format have been substantiated.Conclusions. The importance of the mental approach manifests itself in several directions: the application of the “transparent box” model in teaching and control of knowledge; the use of teaching primitives to design structural-mental schemes for learning problem solving; crea- tion of personalized educational resources in the format of transformers and inverted textbooks that best match the mentality of the digital generation; the possibility of implementing person-centered learning. The approach allows the formation and development of mental didactics to ensure the effectiveness of the digital transformation of education, facilitates the achievement of the cognitive goals of subject learning and can effectively meet the modern requirements of the digital society for education.

A new combination treatment for lupus vulgaris

A new method of combined treatment for lupus vulgaris is offered by Demuth (Dermal. Ztschr. Bd. 56, H. 2/3, 29), which he tested on "large material" and which consists in the fact that the patient is lubricated from the outside with the composition: ac. pyrogall., resorcini albi, ac. salicyl aa 7.0, talci ven., gelanthi Unna aa 5.0, and in addition, intravenous infusions of sulfates (Godyl, Plospanine) at a dose of 5 kb are used. see 2% solution daily. The author points out that the ointment treatment works quite vigorously in small lesions, but in large lesions, the proposed combination is recommended, the action of which is based on the fact that the pyrogall ointment is better tolerated, the convalescent tissue granulates more intensively and, finally, relapses are very rare.

On the meaning of the mean blood pressure in the clinic

Volhard, who tested the auditory method for determining blood pressure (according to Korotkov y) on a large material of renal diseases, considers it "a method better than which there is nothing better to be desired." Martine, describing it as the Ehret'a way, gives it an edge over other methods.

Transcutaneous puncture of kidney cysts under ultrasound control

The article presents the results of the introduction of puncture drainage and sclerosis of kidney cysts under ultrasound guidance in the clinic. This technique refers to minimally invasive surgery, it is the least traumatic, does not lead to large material costs, is very reliable and effective. It is easy to perform in a hospital setting of any level. According to this method, 38 patients were treated in the hospital for five years.

A stochastic solver based on the residence time algorithm for crystal plasticity models

The deformation of crystalline materials by dislocation motion takes place in discrete amounts determined by the Burgers vector. Dislocations may move individually or in bundles, potentially giving rise to intermittent slip. This confers plastic deformation with a certain degree of variability that can be interpreted as being caused by stochastic fluctuations in dislocation behavior. However, crystal plasticity (CP) models are almost always formulated in a continuum sense, assuming that fluctuations average out over large material volumes and/or cancel out due to multi-slip contributions. Nevertheless, plastic fluctuations are known to be important in confined volumes at or below the micron scale, at high temperatures, and under low strain rate/stress deformation conditions. Here, we develop a stochastic solver for CP models based on the residence-time algorithm that naturally captures plastic fluctuations by sampling among the set of active slip systems in the crystal. The method solves the evolution equations of explicit CP formulations, which are recast as stochastic ordinary differential equations and integrated discretely in time. The stochastic CP model is numerically stable by design and naturally breaks the symmetry of plastic slip by sampling among the active plastic shear rates with the correct probability. This can lead to phenomena such as intermittent slip or plastic localization without adding external symmetry-breaking operations to the model. The method is applied to body-centered cubic tungsten single crystals under a variety of temperatures, loading orientations, and imposed strain rates.

Influence of typhus and relapsing fever on the female genital area

Having examined this issue on a very large material, Veisunberg (Zentr. F. Gyn., 1923, No. 23) found that both of these diseases do not affect the endometrium, why menstruation with them proceeds normally, occasionally only, often with recurrentѳ. uterine bleeding is observed and in approximately ⅓ of all cases short-term amenorrhea after recovery.

Intravenous infusion of 40% urotropine solution in gynecology

Having tested these infusions on a very large material, Quack (Zentr. F. Gyn., 1923, No. 50-51) found that 1) prophylactic infusions of 5 cubic meters. sant. 40% urotropine solution after surgery leads to severe spasm of the bladder, which is why it should not be used

FACILITY LAYOUT REDESIGN USING SYSTEMATIC LAYOUT PLANNING METHOD IN PT. PILAR KEKAR PLASINDO

Good equipment and product design are meaningless if there is no good layout planning. Problems owned by PT. Pilar Kekar Plasindo occurs in the production of small polyethylene. This is because small polyethylene production has large material total transfer distance. Small polyethylene problems include the distance between stations, cross-movement, backtracking, and the broken machine that is still placed in the production section. These conditions make the material handling costs and distance large. Therefore, this research aims to produce a layout design of production facilities that can minimize the distance and cost of material movement. The method used in this study is Systematic Layout Planning (SLP). Three alternative designs were compared, and the second proposed facility layout was chosen because it can reduce the total cost of material transfer by 68.3% and reduce the distance of material transfer by 59.6% from the initial facility layout.

Modeling of mechanical eye injury. Relevance. Background

The share of eye injuries in Russia is from 3 to 8% of the total number of injuries in peacetime. Eye trauma is one of the three main causes of vision disability and accounts for 22.8%. In wartime, the mass admission of wounded with damage to the organ of vision requires prompt decisions on their sorting, treatment, rehabilitation, dismissal, or return to duty. In peacetime, mechanical trauma to the eye is associated with the disability of the working population and large material costs. Considering the relevance of mechanical trauma to the eye, ophthalmologists around the world are constantly investigating the features of the pathogenetic mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment. Retrospective studies are based on the analysis of clinical cases, which are not always homogeneous. Experimental damage modeling has a long history. Attempts to simulate mechanical eye trauma have been made since the 40s of the XX century. Mathematical models are calculated based on known data: thickness, density, the elasticity of tissues, this makes it possible to predict the result of exposure to a wounding agent. Unfortunately, in these models, it is difficult to reproduce the entire complex of pathomorphological changes. The created models fulfilled the assigned tasks but had certain drawbacks. In each subsequent experiment, the reproducibility improved and the model approached the desired one as accurately as possible. Specialists of the Professor V.V. Volkov Ophthalmology Department S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy since the 40s. are engaged in solving this problem. For the first time in an experiment, B.L. Pole proved that closure of eyeball wounds with corneal and scleral sutures has an advantage over conjunctival covering. B.V. Monakhov et al. created an installation for inflicting mine-explosive injury to the eye. In the experiment, M.M. Shishkin inflicted a combined eye injury by striking the sclera with a knife with a rectangular blade and firing an air rifle at the knife handle. B.A. Kanevsky et al. reproduced a D-type gunshot open eye injury shot from an air rifle with a multi-compression piston pump. The creation of models that reproduce the mechanical trauma of the eye made it possible to study it in an experiment, which improved the quality of diagnostics and reduced the proportion of disability in this pathology (bibliography: 24 refs).

Digitization of analog signals

We live in the world of digital technologies – everyone has a digital phone, television has switched to a digital broadcasting format as it is more noise-immune, digital processes are literally in every household appliance, from the iron to the computer on which this article was written. Digital technologies simplify our lives, some operations performed by humans require large material costs, for example, writing text on a typewriter and computer vary greatly. The gain of the computer is especially evident when editing the test. They brought us comfort – how nice it is when the processor that monitors the temperature in the house increased the heat supply during a cold snap or reduced it in order to save money in the absence of people in the house.But in order for the digital system to perform this or that action, it needs a command coming from the sensor. It can be a temperature, humidity, pressure sensor. Or maybe a microphone used in voice control systems. All these sensors, without which the operation of a digital system is impossible, give an analog signal that changes its value over time. The digital system is not sensitive to such a signal. It “does not understand” the signal. The problem is solved by ADC (analog-to-digital converters). They have a different structure, varying degrees of complexity, the device, depending on the parameters of the digitized signal. For example, the temperature in the house changes very slowly, even when warming up or when the heating is turned off in frost, the temperature rises or, accordingly, does not fall faster than one degree per hour. The ADC speed requirements for the temperature sensor are very low. Instead, a microphone is used to receive voice commands. In order to distinguish the voices of people and to carry out the commands of some people and not to carry out commands from others, processing of the signal spectrum with a width of kilohertz is required - which means that the signal level will change at a frequency of thousands of times per second. This is a very high demand. The different types of ADCs, their design and application will be discussed in this article.