Recent developments in separation methods for enantiomeric ratio determination of amino acids specifically involved in cataract and Alzheimer's disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 116287
Author(s):  
Christophe Furman ◽  
Michael Howsam ◽  
Emmanuelle Lipka
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Enantiomeric Ratio ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Ratio Determination

Simultaneous Determination of D-amino Acids in Rat Urine by High-performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry Method: Application to Investigate the Clinical Value of D-amino Acids in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Shuting Zhang ◽  
Weichao Yu ◽  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Ning Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Ionization Source ◽  
Rat Urine ◽  
Normal Controls

Background: D-amino acids are closely related to the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are expected as the novel biomarkers for AD diagnosis. Objective: The aim was to investigate the potential clinical value of D-amino acids for Alzheimer's disease. Methods: A simple and sensitive HPLC/MS-MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of D-alanine, D-glutamine, D-proline and D-serine in rat urine. The samples were firstly pretreated by methanol, then derivatized by 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzoxadiazole with Fudosteine as internal standard, enantioseparated on Sumichiral OA-2500S column, using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-methanol (50:50, v/v) containing 0.5% formic acid, and detected with 4000 Qtrap MS/MS in electrospray-ionization source by negative ion mode. Results: The established method was successfully applied to determine the D-amino acid levels in rat urine from 20 Alzheimer's disease rats and 20 age-matched normal controls. The mean levels of D-amino acids in urine of Alzheimer's disease rats were all significantly lower than those in normal controls. Based on the contents of D-amino acids, the distinction model between Alzheimer's disease rats and normal controls was established by the Bayesian discriminant analysis. Conclusion: The relationship between Alzheimer's disease and D-amino acids revealed that Damino acids would be potential biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals “Don’t Phos Over Tau”: recent developments in clinical biomarkers and therapies targeting tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxing Xia ◽  
Stefan Prokop ◽  
Benoit I. Giasson
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Tau Phosphorylation ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Tau Aggregation

AbstractPhosphorylation is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications found in aggregated tau isolated from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patient brains. In tauopathies like AD, increased phosphorylation or hyperphosphorylation can contribute to microtubule dysfunction and is associated with tau aggregation. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure and functions of tau protein as well as the physiologic roles of tau phosphorylation. We also extensively survey tau phosphorylation sites identified in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid from AD patients compared to age-matched healthy controls, which may serve as disease-specific biomarkers. Recently, new assays have been developed to measure minute amounts of specific forms of phosphorylated tau in both cerebrospinal fluid and plasma, which could potentially be useful for aiding clinical diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. Additionally, multiple therapies targeting phosphorylated tau are in various stages of clinical trials including kinase inhibitors, phosphatase activators, and tau immunotherapy. With promising early results, therapies that target phosphorylated tau  could be useful at slowing tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation in AD and other tauopathies.

The Link between Exercise and Homocysteine in the Alzheimer’s disease: A Bioinformatic Network Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Leão ◽  
Laís Felício ◽  
Knut Engedal ◽  
Gro Tangen ◽  
Kari Kristiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Tau Pathology ◽  
Increased Risk

: Elevated peripheral expression of homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke, diabetes, and cancer. It is also associated with cognitive impairment as it has been reported that high levels of Hcy cause cognitive dysfunction and memory deficit. Among several etiological factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Hcy seems to directly contribute to the generation of neurotoxicity factors. This study aims to hypothesize the molecular mechanism by which exercise can reduce the risk of neurological complications promoted by hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), and discuss how exercise could reduce the risk of developing AD by using bioinformatics network models. According to the genes network, there are connections between proteins and amino acids associated with Hcy, exercise, and AD. Studies have evidenced that exercise may be one of several processes by which nitric acid availability can be maximized in the human body, which is particularly important in reducing cell loss and tau pathology , thereby reducing in the risk of complications associated with HHcy and AD.

A ratiometric electrochemical strategy for sensitive determination of Furin activity based on dual signal amplification and antifouling nanosurfaces

The Analyst ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (22) ◽  
pp. 4215-4220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dazhi Yao ◽  
Wenqi Zhao ◽  
Limin Zhang ◽  
Yang Tian
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Sensitive Determination ◽  
Dual Signal Amplification

Developing a sensitive and accurate method for Furin activity is still the bottleneck for understanding the role played by Furin in cell-surface systems and even in Alzheimer's disease.

Recent developments in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
N. Mirhaghani ◽  
L. Higgins ◽  
A. Sajjadi ◽  
S. Curran
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Recent Developments

Automatic determination of white matter hyperintensity properties in relation to the development of Alzheimer's disease

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra van der Velden ◽  
Christoph Moenninghoff ◽  
Isabel Wanke ◽  
Martha Jokisch ◽  
Christian Weimar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Automatic Determination

scholarly journals The Many Faces of Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Monterey ◽  
Haichao Wei ◽  
Xizi Wu ◽  
Jia Qian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Reactive Astrocytes ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Pathological Development ◽  
The Many

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and is the most common cause of dementia in an aging population. The majority of research effort has focused on the role of neurons in neurodegeneration and current therapies have limited ability to slow disease progression. Recently more attention has been given to the role of astrocytes in the process of neurodegeneration. Specifically, reactive astrocytes have both advantageous and adverse effects during neurodegeneration. The ability to isolate and depict astrocyte phenotype has been challenging. However, with the recent development of single-cell sequencing technologies researchers are provided with the resource to delineate specific biomarkers associated with reactive astrocytes in AD. In this review, we will focus on the role of astrocytes in normal conditions and the pathological development of AD. We will further review recent developments in the understanding of astrocyte heterogeneity and associated biomarkers. A better understanding of astrocyte contributions and phenotypic changes in AD can ultimately lead to more effective therapeutic targets.

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