Optimal distance between jet fans used to extinguish metropolitan tunnel fires: A case study using fire dynamic simulator modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 103116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaocheng Weng ◽  
Imad Obadi ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Chunhui Liao
Keyword(s):  
Tunnel Fires ◽  
Optimal Distance ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator

Effects of Exit Vent Location on Fire Room Conditions During PPV

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin M. Beal ◽  
Ofodike A. Ezekoye
Keyword(s):  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Computational Simulations ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Flow Simulations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Experimental Compartment ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Hot Products ◽  
Vent Location

Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) is a widely used fire fighting tactic in which a fan is used to push hot products of fire out of a burning structure. There is a recent body of research that has been conducted regarding the advantages and disadvantages of PPV. Studies of PPV most commonly use full scale experimental fires and/or computational simulations to evaluate its effectiveness. This paper presents computational simulations that have been conducted using Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) version 5 to evaluate the effects of exit vent location on resulting fire room conditions during the application of PPV to a ventilation constrained fire. The simulations use a simple one room structure with an adjacent hallway. We are simulating this geometry because we are in the process of designing and constructing a similar experimental compartment. Cold flow simulations are first conducted to understand how much the presence of the fire heat release affects the flow patterns. Then, two simulations which employ PPV with different exit vent locations are compared. The differences between the two simulations are detailed and a physical explanation for the differences is presented.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF HEAT RELEASE RATE IN ENGINE ROOM FIRES OF 300 GT FERRY RO-RO PASSENGER BY USING WATER MIST SYSTEM AND CO2 SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wira Setiawan ◽  
Distyan Kotanjungan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
Engine Room ◽  
Passenger Ships ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Suppression System

Based on statistical data in recent years, there are still quite a number of ship accidents due to fires, including on passenger ships. The water mist system is a fire suppression system that allows it to be used in the engine room with the advantage that it can keep the heat production rate low during the extinguishing process and can be operated earlier than the CO2 system. The research is conducted by using fire dynamic simulator in the engine room of a 300 GT ferry ro-ro passenger to compare the heat release rate of fire without an extinguishing system, an existing CO2 system, and a water mist system. The result shows that the CO2 fire suppression system reduces the heat release rate more rapidly to the decay phase at 375 seconds while the water mist takes more than 900 seconds. However, the fully developed phase of the water mist suppression system occurs more quickly than CO2 because the sprinklers are activated shortly after a fire occurs. Unlike water mist, the CO2 system is activated at 60 seconds so that the pre-combustion, growth, flashover, and fully developed phases are at the same HRR and time as the natural one.

Large Outdoor Fire Model Analysis

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Vidmar ◽  
Stojan Petelin
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Validity Of Results ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
Fire Model ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The idea behind the article is how to define fire behavior. The work is based on an analytical study of fire origin, its development and spread. Mathematical fire model called FDS (Fire Dynamic Simulator) in used in a presented work. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) model using LES (Large Eddie Simulation) is used to calculate fire development and spread of combustion products in the environment. The fire source is located in the vicinity of the hazardous plant, power, chemical etc. The article present the brief background of the FDS computer program and the initial and boundary conditions used in the mathematical model. Results discuss output data and check the validity of results. The work also presents some corrections of physical model used, which influence the quality of results.

Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Down Stand Structure in Fire Compartment on Smoke Contamination Atrium Upper Balconies

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ali Hasnain ◽  
Mohammad Shakir Nasif ◽  
William Pao ◽  
Rafat Al-Waked
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Fire Incident ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator ◽  
In Fire

Atrium is gaining popularity in the modern societies because of its special attraction. However, during fire incident it causes significant risk due to its open spaces between floors. In atriums smoke can move easily to upper floors through these open spaces and causes smoke contamination of the atrium upper floors. Moreover, presence of down stand structure at the fire compartment opening is required in any shop in atrium shopping mall to display the trade name of the shop. This study investigated the effect of down stand structure on smoke contamination of upper balconies of an atrium by using Fire Dynamic Simulator, CFD software. A correlation that predict the smoke contamination occurrence in the presence of fire compartment down stand structure is developed. The results shows that down stand structure resulted in increasing the effect of smoke contamination in upper floors of an atrium.

Simulation of Smoke Movement in a Loop Corridor under Mechanical Exhaust with Compound Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 475-476 ◽  
pp. 1459-1462
Author(s):  
Wei Shi ◽  
Fu Sheng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Field Model ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Smoke Movement ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Compound Model ◽  
Ceiling Height ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator

The mechanical smoke exhaust is as acknowledged as an effective smoke control manner by making use of some necessary exhaust facilities, also with more stability than natural exhaust. In this paper, the field model FDS (Fire Dynamic Simulator) with a combination of zone model CFAST (Consolidate Fire and Smoke Transport) were used to simulate the mechanical smoke exhaust in a loop corridor of the fire floor in a high-rise hotel, for the propose of evaluate fire safety of mechanical smoke exhaust. The mainly discussion was about the height of layer interface with the ceiling height changed, also with different smoke exhaust volume. The conclusions were obtained that, when two exhaust vents were set symmetrically in the loop corridor, the volume of smoke exhaust per unit area with 60m3/h according to regulations, always could ensure safety of smoke exhaust. The smoke exhausted worse within the corridor when ceiling height reduced. It was recommended that the ceiling lowest height limit should be provides in correlative regulation.

Optimization of Positive Pressure Ventiliation Tactic for Wind Driven High Rise Fires

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabodh Panindre ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Atulya Narendranath ◽  
Vinay Kanive Manjunath ◽  
Venkata Pushkar Chintaluri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Positive Pressure Ventilation ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Location

Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) is a firefighting tactic that can mitigate the spread of fire and the combustion products to improve the safety of firefighters and civilians in wind-driven high-rise fires than without PPV. The performance of a PPV tactic in wind-driven high-rise fires depends on various parameters that include wind speed, control of stairwell doors, number of fans, fan positions and placements, fire location etc. This paper describes the influence of these parameters on the efficacy of PPV operation that was studied by simulating wind-driven high-rise fire scenarios using computational fluid dynamics softwares Fluent 12.0 and NIST’s Fire dynamic simulator (FDS 5.0). The results obtained from Fluent and FDS found to be in close agreement with each other and have been used to optimize the PPV operation for better performance.

Numerical Investigation of Fire Dynamic Behavior for a Commercial Building Basement

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 2213-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Chia Chun Yu ◽  
Shih Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Smoke Movement ◽  
Building Fire ◽  
Fire Disaster ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Fire Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Property Losses

In the past twenty years, many severe basement fires occurred and caused huge losses of human lives and damages to property in Taiwan. During a building fire, smoke at high temperatures and poisonous gases (such as CO) may easily spread through corridors and ventilation systems in the entire building. Therefore, protecting against the basement fires in commercial buildings is of important concern for Taiwan’s fire protection authority. This paper utilizes FDS (Fire Dynamic Simulator) to construct a computer simulation model for investigating the Cardon basement fire that occurred in Taipei (1993). The fire accident unfortunately caused tremendous property losses and heavy casualties (22 died and 7 were injured). The major important parameters of the flow field - such as speed to the spread of fire, smoke movement, upper layer temperature, and CO concentration are obtained to analyze and understand the fire dynamic characteristics. The computed results reasonably agree with post-accident reports. The simulation results obtained may be utilized to improve the better and safer designs for basement building fire protection capability. The information can also be valuable for the similar fire disaster prevention and mitigation in the future.

Optimal skyline corridor spacing for partial cutting in second-growth stands of coastal British Columbia

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-375
Author(s):  
Andrew F. Howard ◽  
Dag Rutherford ◽  
G. Glen Young
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Mathematical Basis ◽  
Optimal Distance ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Optimal Spacing ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

This paper presents the findings of a study on the economically optimal spacing of skyline corridors in partial cuts in second-growth stands of British Columbia. The mathematical basis for optimal spacing of corridors is presented for rectangular settings when trees are felled in a herring-bone pattern to facilitate yarding. The model is used in a case study where optimal spacing is compared with actual spacing for two yarding systems observed in the field. The results indicate that significant cost savings are possible from spacing skyline corridors at the optimal distance compared with conventional spacing used by the logging contractors.

scholarly journals Optimal predictive control of water transport systems: Arrêt-Darré/Arros case study

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 2125-2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Puig ◽  
J. Romera ◽  
J. Quevedo ◽  
C. M. Cardona ◽  
A. Salterain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Control Point ◽  
River System ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Saint Venant Equations ◽  
Control Objective ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Southwest Region ◽  
Optimal Predictive Control

This paper proposes the use of predictive optimal control as a suitable methodology to manage efficiently transport water networks. The predictive optimal controller is implemented using MPC control techniques. The Arrêt-Darré/Arros dam-river system located in the Southwest region of France is proposed as case study. A high-fidelity dynamic simulator based on the full Saint-Venant equations and able to reproduce this system is developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK to validate the performance of the developed predictive optimal control system. The control objective in the Arrêt-Darré/Arros dam-river system is to guarantee an ecological flow rate at a control point downstream of the Arrêt-Darré dam by controlling the outflow of this dam in spite of the unmeasured disturbances introduced by rainfalls incomings and farmer withdrawals.

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