Bayesian estimation of the true prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of the Rose Bengal and indirect ELISA tests in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis

Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonosis in the world; it is highly contagious and caused by a group of organisms in the genus Brucella. The disease remains endemic in Nigeria and its actual incidence and prevalence are unknown due to both inadequate surveillance and systems of reporting outbreaks. This study was designed to determine the sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Ilorin, Kwara State, a gateway to states, and countries engaging in livestock trades within and around Nigeria. A total of 224 blood samples were randomly collected from cattle slaughtered at the two metropolitan abattoirs in the city. The study employed a combination of 2 serological techniques; the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and the Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SAT). Of the 224 cattle screened, 10.71% tested positive with Rose Bengal Antigen, while 11.16% tested positive for Serum Agglutination Tube Test (SATT). Prevalence was higher in cows (11.44%) than in bulls (8.69%). There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of bovine brucellosis and any of the variables examined. However, the overall prevalence (11.16%) observed in the study was significant. Thus, the need for drastic public health interventions/control measures on brucellosis in the livestock industry in Nigeria.

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Epidemiology of Bovine Brucellosis by a Combination of Rose Bengal Test and Indirect ELISA in the Five Districts of Uganda

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science ◽

10.1292/jvms.12-0164 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 74 (11) ◽

pp. 1417-1422 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yoshihito KASHIWAZAKI ◽

Ekisu ECEWU ◽

Joseph O. IMALIGAT ◽

Robert MAWEJJE ◽

Moses KIRUNDA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rose Bengal ◽

Indirect Elisa ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Rose Bengal Test

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Bayesian estimation of true prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of three diagnostic tests for detection of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle feces

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.10.002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 148 ◽

pp. 21-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pius S. Ekong ◽

Michael W. Sanderson ◽

Nora M. Bello ◽

Lance W. Noll ◽

Natalia Cernicchiaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Bayesian Estimation ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Diagnostic Tests ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

True Prevalence ◽

Cattle Feces

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Comparative Assessment of Sensitivity and Specificity of Rose Bengal Test and Modified In-house ELISA by using IS711 TaqMan Real Time PCR Assay as a Gold Standard for the Diagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/1453 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 951-957

Author(s):

Amira M. Zakaria

Keyword(s):

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Real Time ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Rose Bengal ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Rose Bengal Test

Serological approaches such as Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are common tests, however they are generally not sensitive or specific enough for diagnosis of Brucella because of cross-reactivity with different bacterial antigens. The work objected to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of rose Bengal and modified in-house ELISA using IS711 real time PCR as a gold test to detect Brucella in calves sera. Two hundred and thirty (n=230) blood samples were collected from (2-3) years asymptomatic male calves in two Egyptian abattoirs. Rose Bengal test (RBT) and modified in-house ELISA were applied to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in abattoirs animals while quantitative Taqman real-time PCRs (RT-PCR) were implemented for the identification of Brucella genus. The overall prevalence of brucellosis was (53.9 %), (75.2 %) and (79.1 %) as determined by ELISA,RBT and RT- PCR assays respectively. Regarding statistical analysis of the reported data and considering real time PCR the gold standard, the RBT recorded a sensitivity of (79.12%) and a specificity of (39.58 %) with an accuracy of (70.87%). While (83.24%) was reported as positive predictive value and (33.33 %) as a negative predictive value. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were (55.49%) and (52.08 %) respectively while the accuracy was (54.78%). Positive predictive value and negative predictive value for ELISA were determined as (81.45%) and (23.58 %) respectively. RBT can be routinely used for diagnosis of Brucella as cost effective , more sensitive and accurate test than ELISA However, real time PCR is highly recommend as gold test for identification and differentiation of bovine brucellosis.

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Brucella abortus S19 GFP-tagged vaccine allows the serological identification of vaccinated cattle

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0260288 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0260288

Author(s):

Carlos Chacón-Díaz ◽

Ana Zabalza-Baranguá ◽

Beatriz San Román ◽

José-María Blasco ◽

Maite Iriarte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brucella Abortus ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Indirect Elisa ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Serological Identification ◽

Green Fluorescent ◽

Chromosome Ii ◽

The Rose ◽

S19 Vaccine

Bovine brucellosis induces abortion in cows, produces important economic losses, and causes a widely distributed zoonosis. Its eradication was achieved in several countries after sustained vaccination with the live attenuated Brucella abortus S19 vaccine, in combination with the slaughtering of serologically positive animals. S19 induces antibodies against the smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS), making difficult the differentiation of infected from vaccinated bovines. We developed an S19 strain constitutively expressing the green fluorescent protein (S19-GFP) coded in chromosome II. The S19-GFP displays similar biological characteristics and immunogenic and protective efficacies in mice to the parental S19 strain. S19-GFP can be distinguished from S19 and B. abortus field strains by fluorescence and multiplex PCR. Twenty-five heifers were vaccinated withS19-GFP (5×109 CFU) by the subcutaneous or conjunctival routes and some boosted with GFP seven weeks thereafter. Immunized animals were followed up for over three years and tested for anti-S-LPS antibodies by both the Rose Bengal test and a competitive ELISA. Anti-GFP antibodies were detected by an indirect ELISA and Western blotting. In most cases, anti-S-LPS antibodies preceded for several weeks those against GFP. The anti-GFP antibody response was higher in the GFP boosted than in the non-boosted animals. In all cases, the anti-GFP antibodies persisted longer, or at least as long, as those against S-LPS. The drawbacks and potential advantages of using the S19-GFP vaccine for identifying vaccinated animals in infected environments are discussed.

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Bayesian Estimation of the Prevalence and Test Characteristics (Sensitivity and Specificity) of Two Serological Tests (RB and SAT-EDTA) for the Diagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis in Small and Medium Cattle Holders in Ecuador

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9091815 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1815

Author(s):

Valeria Paucar ◽

Jorge Ron-Román ◽

Washington Benítez-Ortiz ◽

Maritza Celi ◽

Dirk Berkvens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Deviance Information Criterion ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Herd Size ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Animal Blood ◽

True Prevalence

In Ecuador, a national program for bovine brucellosis control has been in implementation since 2008. Given the costs, small- and medium-sized livestock holders are not completely committed to it. The objective of this study was to determine true prevalence (TP) of bovine brucellosis in small- and medium-sized herd populations, as well as the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the Rose Bengal (RB) test and the sero-agglutination test (SAT)-EDTA using a Bayesian approach. Between 2011 and 2016, 2733 cattle herds were visited, and 22,592 animal blood samples were taken in nineteen provinces on mainland Ecuador. Bayes-p and deviance information criterion (DIC) statistics were used to select models. Additionally, risk-factor analysis was used for herds according to their brucellosis test status. True prevalence (TP) in herds was estimated by pool testing. National seroprevalence of farms was 7.9% (95% CI: 6.79–9.03), and TP was 12.2% (95% CI: 7.8–17.9). Apparent prevalence (AP) in animals was 2.2% (95% CI: 1.82–2.67), and TP was 1.6% (95% CrI: 1.0–2.4). Similarly, the sensitivity of the RB was estimated at 64.6% (95% CrI: 42.6–85.3) and specificity at 98.9% (95% CrI: 98.6–99.0); for the SAT-EDTA test, sensitivity was 62.3% (95% CrI: 40.0–84.8) and 98.9% (95% CrI: 98.6–99.1) for specificity. Results of the two tests were highly correlated in infected and uninfected animals. Likewise, high spatial variation was observed, with the Coastal Region being the zone with the highest TP at 2.5%. (95% CrI: 1.3–3.8%) in individual animals and 28.2% (95% CI: 15.7–39.8) in herds. Risk factors include herd size, type of production (milk, beef, and mixed), abortions recorded, and vaccination. The results of this study serve to guide authorities to make decisions based on parallel testing at the beginning of a bovine brucellosis program for small livestock holders to increase sensitivity level of the screening tests in Ecuador.

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Evaluation of an Indirect ELISA for the Diagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/104063879500700408 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 473-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Francisco A. Uzal ◽

Alejandra E. Carrasco ◽

Susana Echaide ◽

Klaus Nielsen ◽

Carlos A. Robles

Keyword(s):

Indirect Elisa ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Energy Agency ◽

Elisa Kit ◽

Large Numbers ◽

The Rose ◽

Epidemiological Information ◽

Control And Eradication

Control and eradication of bovine brucellosis is usually based on the serological detection of antibodies. In Argentina, the rose bengal test (RB) and the buffered plate antigen test (BPA) are the 2 screening tests officially recognized, whereas the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2ME) and the tube agglutination test (SAT) are the confirmatory assays currently in use. In order to improve the serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in Patagonia, Argentina, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) kit distributed by the International Atomic Energy Agency was evaluated. Sera from negative nonvaccinated, negative but vaccinated, and positive animals were tested by all the above techniques. The specificity of the I-ELISA (98.9% and 97.2%) was similar to that of the BPA, RB, 2ME and complement fixation (CF) tests when used to test sera from negative nonvaccinated and negative but vaccinated animals, respectively. The sensitivity of the I-ELISA (98.7%) was higher than the BPA test (96.1%) and the CF test (95.2%). The I-ELISA kit evaluated in this study was thought to be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in the Patagonia region where little epidemiological information is available about this disease, and where large numbers of sera should be tested to obtain such information.

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Estimating the probability of freedom from bovine brucellosis in the Galapagos Islands

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268818002534 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

Author(s):

G. Gioia ◽

R. L. Vinueza ◽

M. Cruz ◽

M. Jay ◽

Y. Corde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Indirect Elisa ◽

Galapagos Islands ◽

Galápagos Islands ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Santa Cruz ◽

Negative Results ◽

Level Design ◽

Cattle Farms ◽

The Rose

AbstractBovine brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that still burdens several countries in the Mediterranean, Asia, Africa and Latin America. Although the disease is present in Ecuador, the Galapagos Islands seem to be free from the disease based on a survey conducted in 1997 where all tested animals showed negative results. This study aimed at estimating the probability of freedom from brucellosis in this Ecuadorian province in 2014. A survey was implemented on the three main cattle-producing islands of the province: Santa Cruz, Isabela and San Cristóbal. Thirty-three cattle farms and 410 cattle were tested for brucellosis using the Rose Bengal test and indirect ELISA. All animals showed negative results for both tests. Probability of freedom was estimated at 98%, 91% and 88% for Santa Cruz, Isabela and San Cristóbal, respectively, considering a herd-level design seroprevalence of 20% and animal-level design seroprevalence of 15%, and assuming a perfect specificity of the survey. The negative results found in 1997 and present surveys suggest that the Galapagos Islands are free from bovine brucellosis.

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Comparison of the results of some serological tests for bovine brucellosis

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400024815 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 365-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. J. Chappel ◽

D. J. McNaught ◽

J. A. Bourke ◽

G. S. Allan

Keyword(s):

Rose Bengal ◽

Complement Fixation Test ◽

Complement Fixation ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Plate Test ◽

Comparison Of The Results ◽

The Rose ◽

Serum Agglutination

SummaryA total of 1887 bovine sera positive to the Rose Bengal plate test were subjected to other serological tests for bovine brucellosis: the complement fixation test using warm fixation (CFTW), the serum agglutination test (SAT) and the radioimmunoassay (RIA).The SAT was generally much less sensitive than the CFTW. Many sera, however, gave positive reactions in the SAT but no reaction in the CFTW or the RIA. These SAT reactions were attributed to IgM antibody.Comparison between the results of the CFTW and the RIA led to the conclusion that 200 ng could be used as a minimum diagnostic reaction in the RIA.

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