A high protein meal affects plasma insulin concentrations and amino acid metabolism in horses with equine metabolic syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 105341
Author(s):  
C.M.M. Loos ◽  
S.C. Dorsch ◽  
S.E. Elzinga ◽  
T. Brewster-Barnes ◽  
E.S. Vanzant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Equine Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Protein Meal

scholarly journals PSXVI-5 A high protein meal affects plasma insulin concentrations and amino acid metabolism in horses with equine metabolic syndrome.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. 256-256
Author(s):  
C Loos ◽  
S Dorsch ◽  
T Barnes ◽  
S Elzinga ◽  
A Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Equine Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Protein Meal

scholarly journals Impact of habituated dietary protein intake on fasting and postprandial whole-body protein turnover and splanchnic amino acid metabolism in elderly men: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 1468-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grith Højfeldt ◽  
Jacob Bülow ◽  
Jakob Agergaard ◽  
Ali Asmar ◽  
Peter Schjerling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Absorption ◽  
Fasted State

ABSTRACT Background Efficacy of protein absorption and subsequent amino acid utilization may be reduced in the elderly. Higher protein intakes have been suggested to counteract this. Objectives We aimed to elucidate how habituated amounts of protein intake affect the fasted state of, and the stimulatory effect of a protein-rich meal on, protein absorption, whole-body protein turnover, and splanchnic amino acid metabolism. Methods Twelve men (65–70 y) were included in a double-blinded crossover intervention study, consisting of a 20-d habituation period to a protein intake at the RDA or a high amount [1.1 g · kg lean body mass (LBM)−1 · d−1 or >2.1 g · kg LBM−1 · d−1, respectively], each followed by an experimental trial with a primed, constant infusion of D8-phenylalanine and D2-tyrosine. Arterial and hepatic venous blood samples were obtained after an overnight fast and repeatedly 4 h after a standardized meal including intrinsically labeled whey protein concentrate and calcium-caseinate proteins. Blood was analyzed for amino acid concentrations and phenylalanine and tyrosine tracer enrichments from which whole-body and splanchnic amino acid and protein kinetics were calculated. Results High (compared with the recommended amount of) protein intake resulted in a higher fasting whole-body protein turnover with a resultant mean ± SEM 0.03 ± 0.01 μmol · kg LBM−1 · min−1 lower net balance (P < 0.05), which was not rescued by the intake of a protein-dense meal. The mean ± SEM plasma protein fractional synthesis rate was 0.13 ± 0.06%/h lower (P < 0.05) after habituation to high protein. Furthermore, higher fasting and postprandial amino acid removal were observed after habituation to high protein, yielding higher urea excretion and increased phenylalanine oxidation rates (P < 0.01). Conclusions Three weeks of habituation to high protein intake (>2.1 g protein · kg LBM−1 · d−1) led to a significantly higher net protein loss in the fasted state. This was not compensated for in the 4-h postprandial period after intake of a meal high in protein. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02587156.

scholarly journals Blood 15N:13C Enrichment Ratios Are Proportional to the Ingested Quantity of Protein with the Dual-Tracer Approach for Determining Amino Acid Bioavailability in Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (9) ◽  
pp. 2346-2352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikkie van der Wielen ◽  
Nadezda V Khodorova ◽  
Walter J J Gerrits ◽  
Claire Gaudichon ◽  
Juliane Calvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Enrichment Ratio ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
High Protein Meal

ABSTRACT Background Assessment of amino acid bioavailability is of key importance for the evaluation of protein quality; however, measuring ileal digestibility of dietary proteins in humans is challenging. Therefore, a less-invasive dual stable isotope tracer approach was developed. Objective We aimed to test the assumption that the 15N:13C enrichment ratio in the blood increases proportionally to the quantity ingested by applying different quantities of 15N test protein. Methods In a crossover design, 10 healthy adults were given a semi-liquid mixed meal containing 25 g (low protein) or 50 g (high protein) of 15N-labeled milk protein concentrate simultaneous with 0.4 g of highly 13C–enriched spirulina. The meal was distributed over multiple small portions, frequently provided every 20 min during a period of 160 min. For several amino acids, the blood 15N- related to 13C-isotopic enrichment ratio was determined at t = 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 min and differences between the 2 meals were compared using paired analyses. Results No differences in 13C AUC for each of the measured amino acids in serum was observed when ingesting a low- or high-protein meal, whereas 15N AUC of amino acids was ∼2 times larger on the high-protein meal (P < 0.001). Doubling the intake of 15N-labeled amino acids increased the 15N:13C ratio by a factor of 2.04 ± 0.445 for lysine and a factor between 1.8 and 2.2 for other analyzed amino acids, with only phenylalanine (2.26), methionine (2.48), and tryptophan (3.02) outside this range. Conclusions The amino acid 15N:13C enrichment ratio in the peripheral circulation increased proportionally to the quantity of 15N-labeled milk protein ingested, especially for lysine, in healthy adults. However, when using 15N-labeled protein, correction for, e.g., α-carbon 15N atom transamination is advised for determination of bioavailability of individual amino acids. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02966704.

Amino Acid Metabolism in Rats Fed a High Protein Diet without Pyridoxine

1974 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuko Okada ◽  
Kazuhiko Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet

scholarly journals Blood Metabolite Signature of Metabolic Syndrome Implicates Alterations in Amino Acid Metabolism: Findings from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) and the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study (TMCS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson A. Roberts ◽  
Vijay R. Varma ◽  
Chiung-Wei Huang ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Anup Oommen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
P Value ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study

Rapid lifestyle and dietary changes have contributed to a rise in the global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which presents a potential healthcare crisis, owing to its association with an increased burden of multiple cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Prior work has identified the role that genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors can play in the prevalence of MetS. Metabolomics is an important tool to study alterations in biochemical pathways intrinsic to the pathophysiology of MetS. We undertook a metabolomic study of MetS in serum samples from two ethnically distinct, well-characterized cohorts—the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) from the U.S. and the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study (TMCS) from Japan. We used multivariate logistic regression to identify metabolites that were associated with MetS in both cohorts. Among the top 25 most significant (lowest p-value) metabolite associations with MetS in each cohort, we identified 18 metabolites that were shared between TMCS and BLSA, the majority of which were classified as amino acids. These associations implicate multiple biochemical pathways in MetS, including branched-chain amino acid metabolism, glutathione production, aromatic amino acid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Our results suggest that fundamental alterations in amino acid metabolism may be central features of MetS.

scholarly journals Amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis in lactating rats fed on a liquid diet

1990 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Barber ◽  
J García de la Asunción ◽  
I R Puertes ◽  
J R Viña
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
High Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Urea Synthesis ◽  
Carbamoyl Phosphate ◽  
Liver Size

1. Amino acid metabolism was studied in control virgin rats, lactating rats and virgin rats protein-pair-fed with the lactating rats (high-protein virgin rats). 2. Urinary excretion of nitrogen and urea was higher in lactating than in control virgin rats, and in high-protein virgin rats it was higher than in lactating rats. 3. The activities of urea-cycle enzymes (units/g) were higher in high-protein virgin than in lactating rats, except for arginase. In lactating rats the activities of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, ornithine carbamoyltransferase and argininosuccinate synthase were lower than in control virgin rats. When the liver size is considered, the activities in lactating rats were similar to those in high-protein virgin rats, except for arginase. 4. N-Acetylglutamate content was higher in high-protein virgin rats than in the other two groups. 5. The rate of urea synthesis from precursors by isolated hepatocytes was higher in high-protein virgin rats than in the other two groups. 6. The flooding-dose method (L-[4-3H]phenylalanine) for measuring protein synthesis was used. The absolute synthesis rates of mammary gland, liver and small-intestinal mucosa were higher in lactating rats than in the other two groups, and in high-protein virgin rats than in control virgin rats 7. These results show that the increased needs for amino acids during lactation are met by hyperphagia and by a nitrogen-sparing mechanism.

scholarly journals Fine-scale haplotype mapping of MUT, AACS, SLC6A15 and PRKCA genes indicates association with insulin resistance of metabolic syndrome and relationship with branched chain amino acid metabolism or regulation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e0214122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Haydar ◽  
Florin Grigorescu ◽  
Mădălina Vintilă ◽  
Yannick Cogne ◽  
Corinne Lautier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Haplotype Mapping

scholarly journals High-protein meal challenge reveals the association between the salivary cortisol response and metabolic syndrome in police officers

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Baughman ◽  
Michael E. Andrew ◽  
Cecil M. Burchfiel ◽  
Desta Fekedulegn ◽  
Tara A. Hartley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
High Protein Meal ◽  
Meal Challenge

scholarly journals Central role of the glutamate metabolism in long-term antiretroviral treated HIV-infected individuals with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gelpi ◽  
Flora Mikaeloff ◽  
Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen ◽  
Rui Benfeitas ◽  
Shuba Krishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Glutamate Metabolism

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the major factors for cardiometabolic comorbidities in people living with HIV (PLWH). The long-term consequences of HIV-infection and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in metabolic reprogramming are unknown. In this study, we aim to investigate metabolic alterations in long-term well-treated PLWH with MetS to identify the potential mechanism behind the MetS phenotype using advanced statistical and machine learning algorithms.MethodsWe included 200 PLWH ≥40 years old from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV-infection (COCOMO) study. PLWH were grouped into PLWH with MetS (n=100) and without MetS (n=100). The clinical data were collected from the COCOMO database and untargeted plasma metabolomics was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS). Both clinical characteristics and plasma samples were collected at study baseline. We applied several conventional approaches, machine learning algorithm and linear classification model to identify the biologically relevant metabolites associated with MetS in PLWH.FindingsA total of 877 characterized biochemicals were identified. Of these, 9% (76/877) biochemicals differed significantly between PLWH with and without MetS (false discovery rate <0.05). The majority belonged to the amino acid metabolism (n=33, 43%). A consensus identification by combining supervised and unsupervised methods indicates 11 biomarkers of MetS phenotype in PLWH, of which seven (63%) have higher abundance in PLWH with MetS compared to the PLWH without MetS. A weighted co-expression network by Leiden partitioning analysis identified seven communities of positively intercorrelated metabolites, of which a single community contained six of the potential biomarkers mainly related to glutamate metabolism (glutamate, 4-hydroxyglutamate, α-ketoglutamate and γ-glutamylglutamate).InterpretationAltered amino acid metabolism is a central characteristic of PLWH with MetS and a potential central role for glutamate metabolism in establishing this phenotype is suggested.FundingRigshospitalet Research Council, Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF126) NovoNordisk Foundation, the Swedish Research Council (2017-01330 and 2018-06156)

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