Cardiac safety assessment of drugs using three-dimensional heart simulator

Engineering safety diagnosis of crashed subway electric multiple units (EMUs) was conducted for safety assessment. Several advanced engineering analysis techniques including nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques and stress and structural analyses programs, were performed for better understandings and exploration of failure analysis and safety concerns. Moreover, stress and structural analyses using commercial I-DEAS software provided important information on stress distribution and load transfer mechanisms as well as the amount of damages during the crash. One-dimensional crashworthiness was conducted to estimate the speed at the time of the accident by investigating the permanent deformation of the train. The estimated speed was used as the input value of a three-dimensional crashworthiness analysis. A good agreement has been found between structural analysis results and the results of actual damages in EMUs during crash. In this investigation, various advanced engineering analysis techniques for the safety analysis of subway EMUs have been introduced and the analysis results have been used to provide the critical information for the safety assessment of crashed EMUs.

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Mechanism of Delamination and Its Effects on Fracture of Surface Crack Bodies in Ductile Pipeline Steel

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.1235 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 297-300 ◽

pp. 1235-1240

Author(s):

Hui Ru Dong ◽

Wanlin Guo ◽

Zheng Yang

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Surface Crack ◽

Safety Assessment ◽

Pipeline Steel ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Stress Constraint ◽

Surface Cracks ◽

Test Results ◽

Real Material ◽

Cracked Specimens

The effects of three-dimensional crack configurations and delaminations on fracture mechanism and fracture toughness Jc of pipeline steel were investigated experimentally by use of tensile specimens having surface cracks of different depth to length ratio. Comparison with test results of through-thickness cracks and mechanism analyses are made as well. When 3D stress constraint is larger than the strength in the thickness direction the delamination forms. As no delamination occurs in the interior of a surface crack, the constraint is higher and the fracture toughness is lower than that of the through-thickness cracks. Therefore, the nominal fracture toughness obtained from through-thickness cracked specimens is not a real material constancy, and not suitable for safety assessment of pipelines.

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Seismic Safety Assessment of the “Tekyeh Amir Chakhmagh” by Simplified Kinematic Limit Analysis

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.653 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 133-134 ◽

pp. 653-658

Author(s):

Seyed Rohollah Pashanejati ◽

Climent Molins

Keyword(s):

Limit Analysis ◽

Safety Assessment ◽

Failure Mechanisms ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Masonry Buildings ◽

Seismic Safety ◽

Early 19Th Century ◽

Analysis And Design ◽

Macro Block ◽

Kinematic Limit

This paper presents an investigation about the capabilities of simplified kinematic limit analysis for the safety evaluation and for the design of strengthening of masonry historical buildings. Limit analysis allows, with a reduced number of mechanical properties and for a given ultimate condition of the structure, affordable safety analysis and design of strengthening to the practitioners. Masonry buildings subjected to earthquake show in most cases local failure mechanisms rather than global failure mechanisms due to the lack of integrity of structure. For this reason, simplified kinematic limit analysis has been accepted as a method to design the strengthening of masonry buildings, according to the Italian Ordinance (O.P.C.M. 3431). To validate the applicability of this method, its results had been compared with those provided by three dimensional macro block limit analysis (Bustamante, 2003) for the Via Arizzi house. It is worth noting that results of simplified kinematic limit analysis provided similar results as those achieved by 3D macro block. Also this method was implemented to seismic safety assessment of Tekyeh Amir Chakhmagh in Iran based on the results obtained for the out of plane and in plane behaviour of walls. Tekyeh Amir Chakhmagh is an early 19th century tiled edifice that was built to serve as grand-stand for watching religious rites and also provided an imposing entrance to Amir Chakhmagh bazaar. This stunning three-story facade of the building is one of the most recognizable and unusual buildings in Iran.

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