scholarly journals Advances in bovine tuberculosis diagnosis and pathogenesis: What policy makers need to know

2006 ◽  
Vol 112 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell V. Palmer ◽  
W. Ray Waters
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis

scholarly journals Evaluating the Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Mechanism and Its Risk Factors in England’s Cattle Farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3451
Author(s):  
Tabassom Sedighi ◽  
Liz Varga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dynamic Bayesian Network ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Actual Experience ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Cattle Farms

Controlling bovine tuberculosis (bTB) disease in cattle farms in England is seen as a challenge for farmers, animal health, environment and policy-makers. The difficulty in diagnosis and controlling bTB comes from a variety of factors: the lack of an accurate diagnostic test which is higher in specificity than the currently available skin test; isolation periods for purchased cattle; and the density of active badgers, especially in high-risk areas. In this paper, to enable the complex evaluation of bTB disease, a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) is designed with the help of domain experts and available historical data. A significant advantage of this approach is that it represents bTB as a dynamic process that evolves periodically, capturing the actual experience of testing and infection over time. Moreover, the model demonstrates the influence of particular risk factors upon the risk of bTB breakdown in cattle farms.

scholarly journals Influence of the incubation conditions on culture media to optimize primary isolation of Mycobacterium bovis

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3693
Author(s):  
Cássia Yumi Ikuta ◽  
Flávia Morato ◽  
Gisele Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Marcos Bryan Heinemann ◽  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Solid Culture ◽  
Sodium Pyruvate ◽  
Primary Isolation ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The isolation of Mycobacterium bovis is critical to a surveillance system for bovine tuberculosis based on detection of lesions in abattoirs. Thus, four solid culture media and three incubation conditions were investigated to elucidate which combination overcomes the others by assessing growth, time to the first appearance of colonies and their number. Ninety-seven samples of granulomatous lesions were submitted to the decontamination procedure by 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride at 0.75% w/v, and inoculated on two egg-based media, Stonebrink’s (ST) and Löwenstein-Jensen’s with sodium pyruvate (LJp), and two agar-based media, tuberculosis blood agar (B83) and Middlebrook 7H11 medium (7H11). Each medium was incubated at 37°C for 90 days in three incubation conditions: in air, in air containing 10% carbon dioxide (CO2), and in air in slopes closed with burned hydrophobic cotton and subsequently plugged with a cork to create a microaerophilic atmosphere. The colonies appeared faster and in higher number when incubated in air containing 10% CO2 (p < 0.01), independent of media. B83 showed a faster growth and detected more isolates at 30 days of incubation, when compared to ST (0.0178), LJp (p < 0.0001) and 7H11 (p < 0.0001), though there was no difference between B83, ST and LJp at 60 and 90 days of incubation. 7H11 presented the lowest number of isolates (p < 0.0001) and a longer period for the appearance of the first colony (p < 0.001). According to our findings, the concomitant use of ST and B83 media incubated in air containing 10% CO2 increases the isolation of M. bovis in a shorter period of time, which improves bovine tuberculosis diagnosis.

An advanced intelligent ELISA test for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanene Sahli ◽  
Aymen Mouelhi ◽  
Mohamed Fethi Diouani ◽  
Lotfi Tlig ◽  
Amira Refai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis

scholarly journals More on search for causes of sensitization to tuberculin PPD for mammals in cattle

2021 ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
M. O. Baratov ◽  
P. S. Huseynova
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacterium ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Postmortem Diagnosis ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Acid Tolerant ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis ◽  
Trematode Infections ◽  
Insight Into

Despite the large number of papers dealing with the description of proposed methods for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis and mechanisms of non-specific reaction development in diseased and healthy animals, various aspects require further study. Many specialists are still of the view, formulated when studying causes of pseudoallergic reactions, that the agents of actinomycosis, trematode infections etc. can cause sensitization of the animal body to tuberculin PPD for mammals. The possibility of sensitization of cattle body to Аctinomyces bovis tuberculin was studied in 240 animals identified as actinomycosis diseased among 3,473 tested animals. Only 11 (4.6%) of the total number of diseased animals were reactors to tuberculin PPD for mammals. During bacteriological tests of material from animals euthanized for diagnostic purposes (tuberculin reactors and nonreactors with a confirmed postmortem diagnosis of actinomycosis), acid-tolerant nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) cultures were isolated. The results of the experiment conducted in 628 cows of a dairy holding confirmed that Actinomyces bovis lacks tuberculin-associated allergenicity: actinomycosis was detected only in one of 96 (15.2%) tuberculin reactors. The conducted clinical tests with high significance level (Р < 0.005) showed that there is no association between allergic reaction to tuberculin PPD for mammals and actinomycosis infection. The obtained results are indicative of imperfections in differential diagnosis, and further studies in this field should significantly contribute to gaining a better insight into non-specific sensitization of cattle body to tuberculin.

scholarly journals Identification and evaluation of new Mycobacterium bovis antigens in the in vitro interferon gamma release assay for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis

Tuberculosis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
María E. Eirin ◽  
Analia Macias ◽  
Gabriel Magnano ◽  
Claudia Morsella ◽  
Laura Mendez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis

scholarly journals Comparison between tests for tuberculosis diagnosis in slaughtered bovines

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Attuy Vey da Silva ◽  
Márcio Junio Lima Siconelli ◽  
Karina Paes Bürger ◽  
Lara Borges Keid
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Dna Detection ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Solid Culture ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Different Sources

ABSTRACT: Our goal for this article is to compare several different diagnosis tests for bovine tuberculosis identification. We have performed bacterial isolation, histopathological characterization, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) identification and M. bovis DNA detection. Lesions suggestive of Tuberculosis were sampled from bovine lymph nodes during slaughtering of bovines at an abattoir that operates under federal inspection. The bacterial isolation was performed in solid culture mediums, the histopathological characterization was made by Hematoxylin-eosinstaining, and AFB identification by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Bacterial DNA detection was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using DNA from two different sources, directly collected from the tuberculosis-like lesions (PCR followed by nested PCR) and from isolated bacteria. We have concluded that the multi-step approach, including histopathological characterization, bacterial isolation and AFB identification, is strongly recommended to diagnose tuberculosis in bovines. Furthermore, PCR assays using specimens of lesions suggestive of tuberculosis are a faster and more promising way to diagnose the disease. However, it should not be used alone due to the low sensitivity shown in this study.

scholarly journals Assessment of gross lesions preservation methods for the direct diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis: a constant search for improvement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Céspedes Cárdenas ◽  
Cássia Yumi Ikuta ◽  
Vanessa Cristinne Victor Rabaquim ◽  
Antonio Francisco Souza Filho ◽  
Gisele Oliveira Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Fta Cards ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Borate Solution

Abstract Objectives The present study assessed the sensitivity and biosafety of the FTA Elute Card® (FTA) (GE Healthcare) as an alternative preservation method of gross lesions for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis, that can endure large distances and high environmental temperatures, which are found in the Brazilian territory. Results The FTA card was compared to the freezing and sodium borate solution methods to preserve 134 gross lesions samples from slaughterhouses located in three Brazilian states. The calculated value for the sensitivity of sodium borate solution (SBS) stored for 30 days was higher than those estimated for the methods of freezing and SBS stored for 60 days, when the PCR and isolation results were interpreted in parallel (0.55). The FTA cards presented the lowest diagnostic sensitivity and did not inactivate all mycobacteria. Given the rush of a slaughterhouse routine, the quantity of lesions with different pathological stages cannot be measured on each FTA card. Thus, as a preservation method of gross tuberculosis lesions, the FTA cards can present infection risks for people who have direct or indirect contact with them.

Biosecurity: tools, behaviours and concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Alan MacLeod ◽  
Nicola Spence
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

COVID 19 has raised the profile of biosecurity. However, biosecurity is not only about protecting human life. This issue brings together mini-reviews examining recent developments and thinking around some of the tools, behaviours and concepts around biosecurity. They illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject, demonstrating the interface between research and policy. Biosecurity practices aim to prevent the spread of harmful organisms; recognising that 2020 is the International Year of Plant Health, several focus on plant biosecurity although invasive species and animal health concerns are also captured. The reviews show progress in developing early warning systems and that plant protection organisations are increasingly using tools that compare multiple pest threats to prioritise responses. The bespoke modelling of threats can inform risk management responses and synergies between meteorology and biosecurity provide opportunities for increased collaboration. There is scope to develop more generic models, increasing their accessibility to policy makers. Recent research can improve pest surveillance programs accounting for real-world constraints. Social science examining individual farmer behaviours has informed biosecurity policy; taking a broader socio-cultural approach to better understand farming networks has the potential to change behaviours in a new way. When encouraging public recreationists to adopt positive biosecurity behaviours communications must align with their values. Bringing together the human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors to address biosecurity risks in a common and systematic manner within the One Biosecurity concept can be achieved through multi-disciplinary working involving the life, physical and social sciences with the support of legislative bodies and the public.

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