scholarly journals Single target acuity is not higher than grating acuity in a bird, the budgerigar

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Chaib ◽  
Mikael Ljungholm ◽  
Olle Lind ◽  
Almut Kelber
Keyword(s):  
Single Target ◽  
Grating Acuity

Investigation of ultra-thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−δ grown on MgO

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
S.K. Streiffer ◽  
C.B. Eom ◽  
J.C. Bravman ◽  
T.H. Geballet
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Multilayer Structures ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
Oxygen Loss ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Mtorr Argon

The study of very thin (<15 nm) YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) films is necessary both for investigating the nucleation and growth of films of this material and for achieving a better understanding of multilayer structures incorporating such thin YBCO regions. We have used transmission electron microscopy to examine ultra-thin films grown on MgO substrates by single-target, off-axis magnetron sputtering; details of the deposition process have been reported elsewhere. Briefly, polished MgO substrates were attached to a block placed at 90° to the sputtering target and heated to 650 °C. The sputtering was performed in 10 mtorr oxygen and 40 mtorr argon with an rf power of 125 watts. After deposition, the chamber was vented to 500 torr oxygen and allowed to cool to room temperature. Because of YBCO’s susceptibility to environmental degradation and oxygen loss, the technique of Xi, et al. was followed and a protective overlayer of amorphous YBCO was deposited on the just-grown films.

Single-Block, Single-Target, Implicit Association Test

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Zinkernagel ◽  
Wilhelm Hofmann ◽  
Friederike X. R. Dislich ◽  
Tobias Gschwendner ◽  
Manfred Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Single Block

Assessment of the implicit attitude of Japanese people toward blacks and Little Black Sambo

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Mori
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Picture Book ◽  
Implicit Attitude ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
School Students ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Significant Difference

We examined whether Japanese people, 47 junior high school students, 49 undergraduates, and 52 older adults, possessed negative attitudes against blacks and the picture book Little Black Sambo. We assessed the implicit attitude toward the target word pairs, “black/white” and “Sambo/Heidi,” by utilizing a paper-based Implicit Association Test and found that both black and Sambo were associated more negatively than white and Heidi. However, the implicit attitudes assessed with a single-target IAT showed that 67 Japanese students showed positive implicit scores for blacks but with smaller valences. A post hoc analysis revealed that the reading experience of Little Black Sambo did not show a significant difference between the implicit attitudes of those who had and had not read the book.

Voice Conversion Across Arbitrary Speakers Based on a Single Target-Speaker Utterance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songxiang Liu ◽  
Jinghua Zhong ◽  
Lifa Sun ◽  
Xixin Wu ◽  
Xunying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Voice Conversion ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Target Speaker

Recent Advances in the Rational Drug Design Based on Multi-target Ligands

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (28) ◽  
pp. 4720-4740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yang ◽  
Xin Sui ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
Youqing Shen ◽  
Hailin Cong
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Rational Drug Design ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Huge Challenge

Multi-target drugs have gained considerable attention in the last decade owing to their advantages in the treatment of complex diseases and health conditions linked to drug resistance. Single-target drugs, although highly selective, may not necessarily have better efficacy or fewer side effects. Therefore, more attention is being paid to developing drugs that work on multiple targets at the same time, but developing such drugs is a huge challenge for medicinal chemists. Each target must have sufficient activity and have sufficiently characterized pharmacokinetic parameters. Multi-target drugs, which have long been known and effectively used in clinical practice, are briefly discussed in the present article. In addition, in this review, we will discuss the possible applications of multi-target ligands to guide the repositioning of prospective drugs.

A Brief Review on Dual Target of PARP1 and STAT3 for Cancer Therapy: A Novel Perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-134
Author(s):  
Kaviarasan Lakshmanan ◽  
Gowramma Byran ◽  
Manal Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Acquired Drug Resistance ◽  
Single Target ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Cancer Multiple ◽  
Almost All

Background: Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Around the world, over 10 million cancer cases occur annually. Half of all men and one-third of all women will develop some form of cancer during their lifetime. It is one of the most feared diseases, primarily because half of those diagnosed with cancer die from it. There are several treatments available for cancer. Almost all traditional cytotoxic agents suffer from severe toxicities and other undesirable side effects. Objective: In recent years, the development of targeted medicines has made significant achievements. Unfortunately, though these agents can block key regulators of signaling pathways in cancer, multiple compensatory pathways always attenuate pharmacological effect of single-target drugs. In addition, poor response rates and acquired drug resistance also represent a significant barrier to widespread use of targeted medicines. More recently, a number of combinatorial therapies have expanded treatment options, which can directly block several key signaling pathways and create a synergistic effect. Conclusion: Therefore, in order to overcome these barriers, the present investigation aims to develop a new strategy for designing a single molecule with inhibition of two receptors (PARP1 and STAT3) simultaneously and producing enhanced anti-cancer activity with less and/or null toxicity.

Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP): A Promising Therapeutic Agent for Ischemic Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 338-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Wang ◽  
Fei Ma ◽  
Longjian Huang ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Yuchen Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Background and Objective: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries all over the world. The only drug for ischemic stroke approved by FDA is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). However, only 2-5% stroke patients receive rtPAs treatment due to its strict therapeutic time window. As ischemic stroke is a complex disease involving multiple mechanisms, medications with multi-targets may be more powerful compared with single-target drugs. Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) is a synthetic compound based on l-3-n- Butylphthalide that is isolated from seeds of Apium graveolens. The racemic 3-n-butylphthalide (dl- NBP) was approved by Food and Drug Administration of China for the treatment of ischemic stroke in 2002. A number of clinical studies indicated that NBP not only improved the symptoms of ischemic stroke, but also contributed to the long-term recovery. The potential mechanisms of NBP for ischemic stroke treatment may target different pathophysiological processes, including anti-oxidant, antiinflammation, anti-apoptosis, anti-thrombosis, and protection of mitochondria et al. Conclusion: In this review, we have summarized the research progress of NBP for the treatment of ischemic stroke during the past two decades.

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