scholarly journals Monitoring and detection of new endemic foci of canine leishmaniosis in northern continental Italy: An update from a study involving five regions (2018–2019)

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 100676
Author(s):  
Luigi Gradoni ◽  
Ezio Ferroglio ◽  
Stefania Zanet ◽  
Walter Mignone ◽  
Luigi Venco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Leishmaniosis

scholarly journals Leishmania mexicana in a central Texas cat: clinical presentation, molecular identification, sandfly vector collection and novel management

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205511692199959
Author(s):  
Kaitlin Hopke ◽  
Alyssa Meyers ◽  
Lisa Auckland ◽  
Sarah Hamer ◽  
David Florin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Leishmania Mexicana ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
Significant Clinical Improvement ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
The Right

Case summary This case report documents the clinical appearance, diagnosis and novel treatment of a central Texas cat with cutaneous leishmaniosis. The cat presented with a linear erosion on the right pinnal margin, an ulcerated exophytic nodule on the right hock and a swelling in the right nostril. Cytological and histopathological findings were consistent with leishmaniosis. PCR confirmed the presence of Leishmania mexicana, a species endemic to Texas. An epidemiological investigation was conducted by trapping sandflies from the cat’s environment. Sandflies collected were identified as Lutzomyia species, known vectors of Leishmania species. Given the lack of validated medical therapies for L mexicana in cats, treatments typically prescribed for canine leishmaniosis were administered. Allopurinol achieved clinical success but was discontinued due to suspected drug-related neutropenia. Topical imiquimod also improved lesional skin but was not sustainable due to application difficulty. Oral administration of artemisinin resulted in significant clinical improvement of cutaneous lesions without reported adverse events. Nearly 8 months after the initiation of artemisinin therapy, the cat remained systemically healthy with stable lesions. Relevance and novel information This case report demonstrates endemic feline leishmaniosis in central Texas and provides the clinician with alternative therapeutic options for medical management.

scholarly journals Clinical Significance of ROMs, OXY, SHp and HMGB-1 in Canine Leishmaniosis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 754
Author(s):  
Michela Pugliese ◽  
Alessandra Sfacteria ◽  
Gaetano Oliva ◽  
Annastella Falcone ◽  
Manuela Gizzarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Stress Parameters

This study aimed to investigate the role of oxidative stress parameters (ROMs, OXY, SHp), the Oxidative Stress index (OSi), and High Mobility Group Box-1 protein (HMGB-1) in canine leishmaniosis (CanL). For this study, thirty dogs, naturally infected with Leishmania spp. (Leishmania Group, LEISH) and ten healthy adult dogs (control group, CTR) were included. The diagnosis of CanL was performed by a cytological examination of lymph nodes, real time polymerase chain reaction on biological tissues (lymph nodes and whole blood), and an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies associated with clinical signs such as dermatitis, lymphadenopathy, onychogryphosis, weight loss, cachexia, lameness, conjunctivitis, epistaxis, and hepatosplenomegaly. The HMGB-1 and oxidative stress parameters of the LEISH Group were compared with the values recorded in the CTR group (Mann Whitney Test, p < 0.05). Spearman rank correlation was applied to evaluate the correlation between the HMGB-1, oxidative stress biomarkers, hematological and biochemical parameters in the LEISH Group. Results showed statistically significant higher values of SHp in the LEISH Group. Specific correlation between the ROMs and the number of red blood cells, and between HGMB-1 and SHp were recorded. These preliminary data may suggest the potential role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CanL. Further studies are undoubtedly required to evaluate the direct correlation between inflammation parameters with the different stages of CanL. Similarly, further research should investigate the role of ROMs in the onset of anemia.

scholarly journals Associations between clinical canine leishmaniosis and multiple vector-borne co-infections: a case-control serological study

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Attipa ◽  
Laia Solano-Gallego ◽  
Christian M. Leutenegger ◽  
Kostas Papasouliotis ◽  
Francesca Soutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
And Control ◽  
Antibody Tests

Abstract Background Dogs that have clinical leishmaniosis (ClinL), caused by the parasite Leishmania infantum, are commonly co-infected with other pathogens, especially vector-borne pathogens (VBP). A recent PCR-based study found that ClinL dogs are more likely to be additionally infected with the rickettsial bacteria Ehrlichia canis. Further information on co-infections in ClinL cases with VBP, as assessed by serology, is required. The research described in this report determined if dogs with ClinL are at higher risk of exposure to VBP than healthy control dogs using a case-control serology study. Results Of the 47 dogs with ClinL, anti-E. canis/ Ehrlichia ewingii antibodies were detected in 17 (36.2%), anti-Anaplasma phagocytophilum/Anaplasma platys antibodies in 5 (10.6%) and antigen for Dirofilaria immitis in 2 (4.3%). Of the 87 control dogs, anti-E. canis/E. ewingii antibodies were detected in 14 (16.1%) and anti-A. phagocytophilum/A. platys antibodies in 2 (2.3%). No anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibody tests were positive. No statistical differences between the ClinL dogs and control dogs regarding lifestyle or use of ectoparasitic prevention, were identified. The ClinL was significantly associated with anti-E. canis/E. ewingii antibodies (odds ratio = 2.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–6.7, P = 0.010) compared to controls by both multivariable logistic regression and structural equation modelling. Conclusions It was demonstrated that an increased risk for E. canis/E. ewingii seropositivity is present in dogs with ClinL compared to clinically healthy control dogs, despite similar ectoparasitic prevention use and lifestyle. Based on these findings it is suggested that dogs with ClinL should not only be tested for E. canis co-infection using PCR but also serologically for E. canis/E. ewingii.

Application of qPCR method to hair and cerumen samples for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniosis in Araçatuba, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 100267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Belinchón-Lorenzo ◽  
Rubén Muñoz-Madrid ◽  
Fernanda Grecco Grano ◽  
Virginia Iniesta ◽  
Javier Fernández-Cotrina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Qpcr Method

Changes in serum biomarkers of oxidative stress after treatment for canine leishmaniosis in sick dogs

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Peres Rubio ◽  
Silvia Martinez-Subiela ◽  
Asta Tvarijonaviciute ◽  
Josefa Hernández-Ruiz ◽  
Luis Pardo-Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Managing the spread of canine leishmaniosis in Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Ready
Keyword(s):  
Canine Leishmaniosis

scholarly journals The use of Escherichia coli total antigens as a complementary approach to address seropositivity to Leishmania antigens in canine leishmaniosis

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (10) ◽  
pp. 1384-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLA LIMA ◽  
JOÃO RODRIGO MESQUITA ◽  
HUGO BRANCAL ◽  
THOMAS VAHLENKAMP ◽  
ANA RAFAELA TEIXEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Canine Leishmaniosis ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
Serological Data ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

SUMMARYCanine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a major veterinary concern and a public health issue. Serological data are essential for disease management. Several antigens used in serological assays have specificity related problems preventing relevant seropositivity values establishment. Herein we report significant seropositivity level disparity in a study cohort with 384 dogs from eight countries, for antigens traditionally used in CanL – soluble promastigote Leishmania antigens (SPLA) and K39 recombinant protein (rK39): 43·8 and 2·9% for SPLA and rK39, respectively. To better understand the reasons for this disparity, CanL-associated serological response was characterized using, for complement serological evaluation, a ubiquitous antigen – soluble Escherichia coli antigens (SECAs). Using cohorts of CanL dogs and dogs without clinical evidences of CanL from non-endemic regions of Portugal, the serological response of CanL animals followed specific trend of seropositivity rK39 > SPLA > SECA absent in non-diseased animals. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, these characteristic trends were converted in ratios, SPLA/SECA, rK39/SECA and rK39/SPLA, that presented high predictive for discriminating the CanL cohort that was potentiated when applied in a scoring system involving positivity to four out of five predictors (rK39, SPLA, SPLA/SECA, rK39/SECA and rK39/SPLA). In fact, this approach discriminated CanL with similar sensitivity/specificity as reference antigens, diminishing seropositivity in European cohort to 1·8%. Ultimately, non-related antigens like SECA and seropositivity ratios between antigens enable different perspectives into serological data focusing on the search of characteristic serological signatures and not simple absolute serology values contributing to comprehensive serological status characterization.

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