Anthropogenic disturbances on antibiotic resistome along the Yarlung Tsangpo River on the Tibetan Plateau: Ecological dissemination mechanisms of antibiotic resistance genes to bacterial pathogens

2021 ◽  
pp. 117447
Author(s):  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Peifang Wang ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Xun Wang ◽  
Juan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Yarlung Tsangpo ◽  
Yarlung Tsangpo River

scholarly journals The resistome of common human pathogens

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Munck ◽  
Mostafa M. Hashim Ellabaan ◽  
Michael Schantz Klausen ◽  
Morten O.A. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Risk Ranking

AbstractGenes capable of conferring resistance to clinically used antibiotics have been found in many different natural environments. However, a concise overview of the resistance genes found in common human bacterial pathogens is lacking, which complicates risk ranking of environmental reservoirs. Here, we present an analysis of potential antibiotic resistance genes in the 17 most common bacterial pathogens isolated from humans. We analyzed more than 20,000 bacterial genomes and defined a clinical resistome as the set of resistance genes found across these genomes. Using this database, we uncovered the co-occurrence frequencies of the resistance gene clusters within each species enabling identification of co-dissemination and co-selection patterns. The resistance genes identified in this study represent the subset of the environmental resistome that is clinically relevant and the dataset and approach provides a baseline for further investigations into the abundance of clinically relevant resistance genes across different environments. To facilitate an easy overview the data is presented at the species level at www.resistome.biosustain.dtu.dk.

scholarly journals F Plasmids Are the Major Carriers of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Human-Associated Commensal Escherichia coli

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Stephens ◽  
Tyler Arismendi ◽  
Megan Wright ◽  
Austin Hartman ◽  
Andres Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT The evolution and propagation of antibiotic resistance by bacterial pathogens are significant threats to global public health. Contemporary DNA sequencing tools were applied here to gain insight into carriage of antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli, a ubiquitous commensal bacterium in the gut microbiome in humans and many animals, and a common pathogen. Draft genome sequences generated for a collection of 101 E. coli strains isolated from healthy undergraduate students showed that horizontally acquired antibiotic resistance genes accounted for most resistance phenotypes, the primary exception being resistance to quinolones due to chromosomal mutations. A subset of 29 diverse isolates carrying acquired resistance genes and 21 control isolates lacking such genes were further subjected to long-read DNA sequencing to enable complete or nearly complete genome assembly. Acquired resistance genes primarily resided on F plasmids (101/153 [67%]), with smaller numbers on chromosomes (30/153 [20%]), IncI complex plasmids (15/153 [10%]), and small mobilizable plasmids (5/153 [3%]). Nearly all resistance genes were found in the context of known transposable elements. Very few structurally conserved plasmids with antibiotic resistance genes were identified, with the exception of an ∼90-kb F plasmid in sequence type 1193 (ST1193) isolates that appears to serve as a platform for resistance genes and may have virulence-related functions as well. Carriage of antibiotic resistance genes on transposable elements and mobile plasmids in commensal E. coli renders the resistome highly dynamic. IMPORTANCE Rising antibiotic resistance in human-associated bacterial pathogens is a serious threat to our ability to treat many infectious diseases. It is critical to understand how acquired resistance genes move in and through bacteria associated with humans, particularly for species such as Escherichia coli that are very common in the human gut but can also be dangerous pathogens. This work combined two distinct DNA sequencing approaches to allow us to explore the genomes of E. coli from college students to show that the antibiotic resistance genes these bacteria have acquired are usually carried on a specific type of plasmid that is naturally transferrable to other E. coli, and likely to other related bacteria.

Spatiotemporal characteristics of water budget dynamic in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin of Tibetan Plateau based on multi-source datasets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Jiang ◽  
Zongxue Xu
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Budgets ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Yarlung Tsangpo ◽  
Yarlung Tsangpo River

<p>Understanding the dynamics of basin-scale water budgets over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is significant for hydrology and water resource management in the southern and eastern Asia. However, a detailed water balance analysis is limited by the lack of adequate hydro-climatic observations in this region. In this study, we investigate the spatiotemporal variation of water budget components (e.g. precipitation P, evapotranspiration ET and runoff Q etc.) in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin (YTB) of southeast TP during the period of 1975-2015 through using multi-source datasets (e.g. insitu observation, remote sensing data products, reanalysis outputs and model simulations etc.). The change trend of water budget components and vegetation parameters was analyzed in the YTB on interannual scale. The results indicated that the detailed water budgets are different from upstream to downstream YTB due to different temperature, vegetation cover and evapotranspiration, which are mainly affected by different climate conditions. In the whole basin, precipitation that are mainly during June to October was the major contributor to the runoff. The P and Q were found to show a slight but insignificant decrease in most regions of YTB since the late 1990s, which showed positive relationships with the weakening Indian summer monsoon. While the ET showed an insignificant increase across most of the YTB, especially in the middle basin. The runoff coefficient (Q/P) exhibited an indistinctively decreasing trend which may be, to some extent, due to the overlap effects of ET increase and snow and glacier changes. The obtained results offer insights into understanding the evolution mechanism of hydrological processes in such a data-sparse region under changing environment.</p>

scholarly journals Ge/Si Ratio of River Water in the Yarlung Tsangpo: Implications for Hydrothermal Input and Chemical Weathering

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Yuchen Wang ◽  
Tong Zhao ◽  
Zhifang Xu ◽  
Huiguo Sun ◽  
Jiangyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
River Water ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Yarlung Tsangpo ◽  
Yarlung Tsangpo River ◽  
Clay Formation ◽  
Hydrothermal Water

Germanium/Silicon (Ge/Si) ratio is a common proxy for primary mineral dissolution and secondary clay formation yet could be affected by hydrothermal and anthropogenic activities. To decipher the main controls of riverine Ge/Si ratios and evaluate the validity of the Ge/Si ratio as a weathering proxy in the Tibetan Plateau, a detailed study was presented on Ge/Si ratios in the Yarlung Tsangpo River, southern Tibetan Plateau. River water and hydrothermal water were collected across different climatic and tectonic zones, with altitudes ranging from 800 m to 5000 m. The correlations between TDS (total dissolved solids) and the Ge/Si ratio and Si and Ge concentrations of river water, combined with the spatial and temporal variations of the Ge/Si ratio, indicate that the contribution of hydrothermal water significantly affects the Ge/Si ratio of the Yarlung Tsangpo River water, especially in the upper and middle reaches. Based on the mass balance calculation, a significant amount of Ge (11–88%) has been lost during its transportation from hydrothermal water to the river system; these could result from the incorporation of Ge on/into clays, iron hydroxide, and sulfate mineral. In comparison, due to the hydrothermal input, the average Ge/Si ratio in the Yarlung Tsangpo River is a magnitude order higher than the majority of rivers over the world. Therefore, evaluation of the contribution of hydrothermal sources should be considered when using the Ge/Si ratio to trace silicate weathering in rivers around the Tibetan Plateau.

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