scholarly journals Least-Developed Countries in a World of Global Value Chains: Are WTO Trade Negotiations Helping?

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 366-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Flentø ◽  
Stefano Ponte
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Trade Negotiations ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Least Developed Countries

Infrastructure, value chains, and economic upgrades

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Xubei Luo ◽  
Xuejiao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Right

Infrastructure development is critical to delivering growth, reducing poverty and addressing broader development goals, as argued in the World Bank Report Transformation through Infrastructure (2012). This paper surveys the literature of the linkages between infrastructure investment and economic growth, discusses the role of infrastructure in the participation of global value chains and in supporting economic upgrades, highlights the challenges faced the least developed countries and provides policy recommendations. It suggests that addressing the bottlenecks in infrastructure is a necessary condition to provide a window of opportunity for an economy to develop following its comparative advantage. With the right conditions, good infrastructure can support an economy, particularly a less developed economy, to reap the benefit through the participation in the global value chains to upgrade the economic structure.

Going Green

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Reps ◽  
Boris Braun
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
Western Perspective ◽  
Green Supply Chains

Going green - environmental upgrading and value chain coordination in the Indian automotive industry. Previous debates have linked environmental upgrading processes in global value chains above all to the influence of powerful lead firms from developed countries. In this paper, we argue that the Indian automobile sector, too, shows a growing tendency for more environmental protection. However, the decisive impetus is often not given by international lead firms.Applying the concept of global value chains, this paper aims to identify both the dominating coordination mechanisms in the Indian automobile chain, and the strategies of different actors for environmental upgrading. The empirical section draws on findings from 130 qualitative interviews with eight vehicle manufactures, 54 component suppliers and several industry experts held between 2009 and 2011. Our results indicate that Indian vehicle manufacturers are presently more pivotal to driving “green” supply chains than international players. Our findings suggest that especially the strong technical and organizational support provided by Indian lead firms is the crucial factor to push component suppliers to improve their environmental performance. On this account, the recent debate on greening of supply chains seems to be led too much from a western perspective. Rather, it appears that many environmental upgrading processes in automobile supply chains occur independently of western lead firms. In fact, they are mostly initiated and implemented by local lead firms.

Is a more multilateral trade policy possible?

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wyn Grant
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Trade Negotiations ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Real ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
Side Payments ◽  
G 21 ◽  
The Us ◽  
Trade Conflicts

D.A. Irwin, Free Trade Under Fire (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002), 257 pp.F. Jawara and A. Kwa, Behind the Scenes at the WTO: The Real World of International Trade Negotiations (London, Zed Books, 2003), 329 pp.Amrita Narlikar, International Trade and Developing Countries: Bargaining Coalitions in the WTO (London, Routledge, 2003), 238 pp.American actions since the collapse of the trade talks at Cancún have suggested that trade conflicts can no longer be solved simply by a bilateral bargain with the EU that is then imposed, with a few side payments, on the other members of the WTO. The emergence of the G-21 (with its fluctuating membership) has at least opened up the possibility that trade negotiations may move away from the US–EU duopoly that has characterised them for so long towards a set of bargaining arrangements that are more multilateral. It may be that the real beneficiaries of these changes will be the emerging countries such as Brazil, China and India, all prominent in the leadership of the G-21, rather than the least developed countries. Thus, for example, opening up trade in sugar could benefit Brazil and harm Mauritius.

Varieties of Compressed Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-138
Author(s):  
D. Hugh Whittaker ◽  
Timothy J. Sturgeon ◽  
Toshie Okita ◽  
Tianbiao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Large Market ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Do So

Chapter 5 explores the ways in which less-developed countries experience the era-related effects of compressed development and try to cope with them. Chapter 4 compared late-developer Japan and compressed-developer China, but countries with poor or mixed records of economic development also face the opportunities and constraints of compression, and must do so with institutions, policies, and industries which emerged under prior conditions. Large-market less-developed countries such as Brazil, India, and even China face the era effects of compression, with legacies that are often poorly suited and sometimes antithetical to the demands of global value chains and technology ecosystems. Discontinuities and differences across sectors further complicate the role of the state in the era of compressed development.

The Road From Doha: The Issues for the Development Round of the Wto and the Future of International Trade

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya P Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Trade Negotiations ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Work Programme ◽  
Tight Security ◽  
Wto Agreements

After the debacle in Seattle in December 1999, the Fourth Ministerial Conference of WTO members took place successfully under tight security in the capital city, Doha, of the small Arabian state of Qatar in November 2001. The Doha conference did not adopt any new treaty or protocoll to add to the network of WTO agreements already in place. It did, however, approve a ‘broad and balance ’ work programme in the form of two declarations—a main declaration and one on trade related intellectual property rights (TRIPS) and public health, plus a decision on implementation designed to alleviate the difficulties of developing countries in implementing the existing WTO agreements. In other words, the Doha conference agreed on the nature and scope of the next round of trade negttiations, named as the ‘Development Round’. Although some least-developed countries had argued that ‘no new round should be started until there has been full implementation of the agreements concluded in the last Round, and an evaluation of their effects done’, the Doha Conference decided to start a new round of trade negotiations. How development oriented is the agenda of the new round of trade negotiations? What is going to be negotiated during th e negotiations? Is it indeed going to be a ‘Development Round’ in more than name? The object of this article is to analyse the background to the Doha conference, to assess the nature of negotiations at the conference and to evaluate its outcome.

Linkages between tourism and agriculture for inclusive development in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wineaster Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how local agricultural communities are integrated into the tourism value chains and provide insights into how this can contribute to poverty reduction. Design/methodology/approach The study employed the value chain approach to gain an understanding of the linkages between tourism and agriculture. Interviews involving local suppliers of agricultural products and tourism businesses (n=195) were conducted in Lushoto, Tanzania. The livelihood portfolios (range of activities – farming, employment, tourism, etc.) were analyzed in terms of the resources (economic, natural, human, physical and social assets) available to individuals and households and how these are optimally used to achieve inclusive growth. Findings The findings show that the form of tourism business ownership and the presence of specific social networks between tourism businesses and local suppliers dictate the mode of buying and the strength of supply chains. Community-based tourism is dominant in the area, allowing tourists to interact with agrarian rural communities. However, the optimal local linkages have been hampered by the quantitative and qualitative mismatch between locally supplied products and the tourism sector’s requirements. The failure of many initiatives aimed at addressing the mismatch creates a need for empowering local communities to enable them to take the opportunities that tourism provides. Practical implications Least developed countries need to build on the lessons learned from the development of tourism in their local settings, and pursue strategies which bring hope, confidence and real benefits to the majority of the struggling population. This study gives an insight on how inter-sectoral linkages could be embraced among the strategies or means of reducing rampant poverty. Originality/value Linking local agricultural production to tourism has long been seen as a promising way to make tourism more economically inclusive. However, the use of value chain approach in studying the tourism-agriculture linkages for inclusive development, especially in the developing economies is not common. While employing Porter’s value chains analysis, this study provides insights into how local farmers can be incorporated in tourism food supply chains in an ethical and beneficial way.

scholarly journals An institutional mechanism for integrating domestic manufacturing into global value chains

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-451
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Deineko ◽  
Olena Tsyplitska ◽  
Oksana Kushnirenko ◽  
Oleksandr Deineko
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
The Government ◽  
Institutional Mechanism

The study reveals the peculiarities of modern global production development due to global value chains (GVCs) formation that allow both developing and developed countries to integrate successfully into international production networks. This research is aimed at identifing key factors responsible for the upstream movement of Ukraine through GVCs and determining locations for production capacities, as well as at developing an institutional mechanism for facilitating the successful integration of domestic producers into GVSs. To achieve this, a multiple linear regression reflecting the interrelation between manufacturing industry share in exports value added and the institutional and economic indicators is analyzed. Three scientific hypotheses are tested and two of them are verified. The multiple linear regression results disclose a significant impact of institutional factors on the country’s ability to participate in GVCs and justify the first hypothesis, namely the higher the government effectiveness and regulatory quality are, the higher the manufacturing value added in exports is. Better governance and administrative functions performance enhance companies’ export potential. The model also verifies the second hypothesis that emphasizes better ability to join GVCs with low and medium technology product than with a high technology one. The model outputs contradict the third hypothesis on the protectionism: high tariffs for imports significantly matter in exports promotion. However, this result should be considered while accounting for the global trend of trade liberalization and Ukraine’s international agreements. The article proposes policy recommendations for improving the positions of Ukraine in GVCs.

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