Effects of fasting and feeding on the brain mRNA expressions of orexin, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), PYY and CCK in the Mexican blind cavefish (Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Wall ◽  
Hélène Volkoff
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Astyanax Fasciatus ◽  
Brain Mrna ◽  
Blind Cavefish ◽  
The Brain

Long-term modulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and expression by endothelin-1 and -3 in the rat anterior and posterior hypothalamus

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (3) ◽  
pp. R905-R914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Perfume ◽  
Sabrina L. Nabhen ◽  
Karla Riquelme Barrera ◽  
María G. Otero ◽  
Liliana G. Bianciotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Catecholaminergic Neurons ◽  
Endothelin System ◽  
Catecholaminergic Transmission ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
The Brain

Brain catecholamines are involved in the regulation of biological functions, including cardiovascular activity. The hypothalamus presents areas with high density of catecholaminergic neurons and the endothelin system. Two hypothalamic regions intimately related with the cardiovascular control are distinguished: the anterior (AHR) and posterior (PHR) hypothalamus, considered to be sympathoinhibitory and sympathoexcitatory regions, respectively. We previously reported that endothelins (ETs) are involved in the short-term tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) regulation in both the AHR and PHR. TH is crucial for catecholaminergic transmission and is tightly regulated by well-characterized mechanisms. In the present study, we sought to establish the effects and underlying mechanisms of ET-1 and ET-3 on TH long-term modulation. Results showed that in the AHR, ETs decreased TH activity through ETB receptor activation coupled to the nitric oxide, phosphoinositide, and CaMK-II pathways. They also reduced total TH level and TH phosphorylated forms (Ser 19 and 40). Conversely, in the PHR, ETs increased TH activity through a G protein-coupled receptor, likely an atypical ET receptor or the ETC receptor, which stimulated the phosphoinositide and adenylyl cyclase pathways, as well as CaMK-II. ETs also increased total TH level and the Ser 19, 31, and 40 phosphorylated sites of the enzyme. These findings support that ETs are involved in the long-term regulation of TH activity, leading to reduced sympathoinhibition in the AHR and increased sympathoexcitation in the PHR. Present and previous studies may partially explain the cardiovascular effects produced by ETs when applied to the brain.

Localization of tyrosine hydroxylase and its messenger RNA in the brain of rainbow trout by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization

2002 ◽  
Vol 449 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelique Vetillard ◽  
Sanae Benanni ◽  
Christian Saligaut ◽  
Patrick Jego ◽  
Thierry Bailhache
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
The Brain

Peripheral and Central Catecholaminergic Neurons in Genetic and Experimental Hypertension in Rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 377s-380s ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Grobecker ◽  
J. M. Saavedra ◽  
M. F. Roizen ◽  
V. Weise ◽  
I. J. Kopin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Methyl Transferase ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Catecholaminergic Neurons ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
The Brain

1. Activity of peripheral and central catecholaminergic neurons was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)—salt hypertensive rats. 2. In young SHR (4 weeks) the plasma values of both noradrenaline and dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity were increased compared with those of normotensive rats of the Wistar/Kyoto strain. Total catecholamines (mostly adrenaline) were not significantly different. 3. In the adrenal glands of 2-weeks-old and 4-weeks-old SHR activities of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-β-hydroxylase, phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase were decreased, compared to Wistar/Kyoto rats. 4. The adrenaline-forming enzyme was elevated in the A1 and A2 regions of the brain stem of 4-weeks-old SHR and in the A1 region of adult DOCA—salt hypertensive rats. 5. In the adrenal glands of adult DOCA—salt hypertensive rats tyrosine hydroxylase activity was increased. 6. These results implicate peripheral noradrenaline-containing neurons and central adrenaline-containing neurons in the development of genetic and experimental hypertension in rats.

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