scholarly journals Alpha male status and availability of conceptive females are associated with high glucocorticoid concentrations in high-ranking male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) during the mating season

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista M. Milich ◽  
Alexander V. Georgiev ◽  
Rachel M. Petersen ◽  
Melissa Emery Thompson ◽  
Dario Maestripieri
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista M. Milich ◽  
Angelina Ruiz-Lambides ◽  
Elizabeth Maldonado ◽  
Dario Maestripieri

Author(s):  
Н.В. Гапонов ◽  
Г.Л. Яговенко ◽  
А.Н. Степанова

Как показали многочисленные исследования, морфологический состав крови зависит от многих факторов, в частности таких, как условия кормления и содержания, возраст подопытных объектов. Однако отсутствуют данные о влиянии биологически активных добавок, таких как хлорелла, «Бактистатин», вода со сниженной концентрацией дейтерия, на гематологические показатели. Приматы обладают высоким анатомо-физиологическим сходством с человеком, поэтому являются незаменимой моделью для воспроизведения различных патологических и токсических состояний человека. Приматы вида макака-резус (Macaca mulatta) являются наиболее удобными и востребованными в работе, широко используются в медико-биологических исследованиях. Для корректной оценки воздействия биологически активных добавок (БАД) на организмы приматов необходимы достоверные сведения о функционировании их кроветворной системы. По результатам нашего исследования в начале опыта количество эритроцитов в крови самцов макак-резусов во всех исследуемых группах было незначительно увеличено относительно физиологической нормы (5–6,2 млн в 1 мм3). Эта закономерность может быть связана со значительным увеличением температуры окружающей среды к моменту начала постановки опыта и не связано с влиянием БАД. Подобная закономерность наблюдалась и по остальным показателям. Так, уровень тромбоцитов в начале эксперимента находился в пределах референтных показателей — от 200 до 400 млрд/л, за исключением самцов 2-й опытной группы. В этой группе наблюдалось незначительное увеличение тромбоцитов — на 17,60 млрд/л, или на 4,40% от максимально допустимых значений референтных показателей. Результаты анализов крови в конце эксперимента показали, что у всех самцов макак-резусов в опытных группах в результате применения БАД количество тромбоцитов приблизилось к физиологической норме. На основании чего можно сделать вывод, что применение суспензии хлореллы, сухой хлореллы, «Бактистатина» и воды с пониженным содержанием дейтерия не приводило к критическому отклонению морфологических показателей крови, что, в свою очередь, даёт возможность применять БАД в рационах кормления обезьян. Blood morphology depends on many factors, particularly feeding, welfare and age of animals. The influence of biologically active supplements (BAS) such as chlorella, “Baktistatin”, and deuterium-depleted water on blood hematological parameters remains open to question. Primates are quite similar to humans in anatomy and physiology and hence are perfect model organisms when testing various pathological and toxic processes. Macaca mulatta is commonly used in research. To analyze the effect of BAS on primate organism the blood test is required. In the beginning of the experiment the concentration of red blood cells (RBC) exceeded slightly physiologically normal state in all the groups (5–6.2 million/mm3). This could possibly be a result of hot conditions. Same was true for other parameters. Platelet concentration was normal and varied within 200–400 billion/l in the beginning, except for the males of the second group. The second group showed insignificant increase in platelet concentration — by 17.60 billion/l, or 4.40%. Feeding male rhesus macaques with BAS optimized platelet concentration. Chlorella suspension, dry chlorella, “Baktistatin”, and deuterium-depleted water had no critical influence on blood morphology and, therefore, could be used in primate diet.


Author(s):  
Lauren J Woodell ◽  
Brianne A Beisner ◽  
Amy C Nathman ◽  
Ashleigh Day ◽  
Ashley Cameron ◽  
...  

Forming groups of captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) is a common management practice. New formations of unfamiliar macaques can be costly, with high levels of trauma, particularly as intense aggression is used to establish a dominance hierarchy. Combining previous subgroups into one new group may be beneficial, as some individuals already have established dominance relationships. We tested this hypothesis by forming a new mixed-sex group of rhesus macaques that combined an established group of females with an established group of males. Prior to the mixed-sex group formation, both the female and male hierarchies had been stable for 3 y; after mixed-sex group formation these hierarchies were maintained by the females and were initially maintained by the males for 3 wks. However, the temporary hospitalization (due to a laceration caused by aggression) of the alpha male destabilized the male hierarchy. Age and weight then predicted male rank. Temporary hospitalizations resulted in rank changes for the males, evidenced by reversals in subordination signals. Thisstudy indicates that using established groups of familiar individuals may maintain female hierarchical stability in a mixed-sex group formation, but further research is needed to understand how to maintain and predict male hierarchical stability to reduce trauma. Improved knowledge of hierarchical stability would be invaluable to managers of large rhesus macaque groups and would help improve the welfare of captive rhesus macaques.


1997 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick T Mehlman ◽  
J.Dee Higley ◽  
Beth J Fernald ◽  
Floyd R Sallee ◽  
Stephen J Suomi ◽  
...  

Behaviour ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 129 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 177-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nurnberg ◽  
John D. Berard ◽  
Jorg T. Epplen ◽  
Jorg Schmidtke

AbstractMale rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago use rank-dependent alternative reproductive tactics. High-ranking males can form long-term consorts and guard female mates while low-ranking males frequently resort to quick copulations under the cover of vegetation. No single reproductive tactic provided the Group S males with a definitive reproductive advantage during the one-year study. Males using the long-term tactic and the quick, stealth tactic sired five offspring each, but fewer males used the long-term consort tactic. Males using the long-term reproductive tactic have significantly greater mating success than males using the quick, sneaky tactic, and may have greater reproductive success. The highest-ranking males who form long-term consorts had the greatest degree of reproductive success. This indicates that for the highest-ranking males, forming long-term consorts is the most effective reproductive tactic. The effectiveness of alternative tactics for high-ranking males (i.e. consort disruption and possessive following) was equivocal. Consort disruption had no immediate effect on reproductive success. Possessive following may have resulted in the siring of two offspring by the alpha male, but was ineffective in other cases, where the females were inseminated by subordinate males. The effectiveness of the quick, furtive tactic was demonstrated by the siring of 45% of the infants by males who used this tactic.


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