Significance of Peripheral Blood Morphology With Granulocyte Distribution and Spirometry in Evaluation of Asthma and COPD Treatment

The two main chronic obstructive diseases are asthma – affecting 1-18% of adult population – and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalent in up to 6% of adults. In both cases the treatment depends on diseases’ severity. In management of these conditions, spirometry and complete blood count are two major monitoring tests. Our aim was to compare blood morphology results and spirometry values between patients in groups of different treatment intensity in asthma and COPD. By measuring that, we expected to study whether asthma/COPD patients have a need of stepping-up their treatment steps. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients admitted in 2013-2019 to an outpatient pulmonology clinic in Łódź (Poland). Spirometry values, complete blood count and information on pharmacological treatment were obtained from archival data. Patients were assigned with disease severity according to present GINA/GOLD recommendations. The study included 125 patients – 47 with COPD (22 females) and 78 with asthma (57 females). Results Among patients with asthma, a positive correlation in white blood cell count (WBC) (r=0,236, p=0.038) and ascending GINA treatment steps was found. Significant negative correlations were shown between ascending GINA treatment steps and FEV1, FEV1%, FVC%, MEF50, MEF50, PEF%. In COPD patients, positive correlations between ascending GOLD treatment groups and white blood cell count, neutrophil count, basophil percentage, platelet count (r=0.346; 0.309; 0.321; 0.401 respectively) were found. Negative correlations were shown between ascending GOLD treatment groups and FEV1, FEV1%, FVC, FVC%, MEF50, MEF50%, PEF, PEF% (r=-0.732; -0.575; -0.705; -0.498; -0.632; -0.558; -0.688; -0.597 respectively). Conclusions Negative correlations between ascending GINA and GOLD treatment steps and spirometry values may suggest that asthma and COPD patients may benefit from stepping-up the treatment steps earlier. Potential advantages of that more intensive treatment needs to be examined in the future

The impact of del Nido cardioplegia solution on blood morphology parameters

Background: Crystalloid cardioplegic solutions are believed to reduce hemoglobin significantly and increase the transfusion rate. However, recent reports indicate that the del Nido cardioplegia may preserve blood morphology parameters. Methods: In “The del Nido versus cold blood cardioplegia in aortic valve Replacement” trial patients undergoing aortic valve replacement were randomized into the del Nido (DN) or cold blood cardioplegia (CB) group. For the subanalysis, patients who underwent blood transfusions were excluded from the study. Red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin, white blood cell (WBC) count and platelet (PLT) count were measured before the surgery, 24-, 48-, and 96 hours postoperatively. Furthermore, percental variation in first-last measure was compared in groups. In addition, indexed normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were compared preoperatively and 24 hours after the surgery. Results: Eighteen (24%) patients from the del Nido group and 22 (29.3%) patients from the CB group received blood product transfusions (p = 0.560) and were excluded from further analysis. As such, 57 patients remained in DN group and 53 patients remained in CB group. No difference was found in RBC, hemoglobin, WBC, and platelet count in time intervals. Percental variation in first-last measure revealed higher fall in RBC (p = 0.0024) and hemoglobin (p = 0.0028) in the CB group. No difference was shown in preoperative and 24-hour postoperative INR and aPTT. Conclusions: The del Nido cardioplegia does not decrease blood morphology parameters when compared to cold blood cardioplegia and may be used alternatively regardless of bleeding and coagulopathy risk.

ORGAN WEIGHT INDICES AS INDICATORS FOR ESTIMATING THE EXPERIMENTAL EFFECT OF METAL NITRIDE COATED IMPLANTS ON ANIMAL ORGANISMS

The obtained results confirm the safety of steel 12ХI8Н9Т implants and titanium plus hafnium nitride TiN+NHf coated steel 12ХI8Н9Т implants. Experimental data analysis shows the toxic properties of copper supported by the earlier research on blood morphology of lab rats.

Extended Inflammation Parameters (EIP) as Markers of Immune System Cell Activation in Psoriasis

Psoriasis is an inflammatory, autoimmune disease that affects approximately 2% of the population. The inflammation in psoriasis can be systemic, so despite a predominantly cutaneous manifestation, it also affects the internal organs. The diagnosis and monitoring of the disease are based on the clinical picture. To assess the disorders of other organs, additional tests need to be performed. Recently, the examination of blood morphology has been enriched with modern haematological parameters, i.e., Extended Inflammation Parameters (EIP), which include RE-LYMPH (activated lymphocytes), AS-LYMPH (antibody-producing B lymphocytes), and NEUT-RI and NEUT-GI (activated neutrophils). In the study, higher values of new haematological parameters were observed in individuals with psoriasis than in healthy controls. A higher EIP value was noted in the group of individuals with plaque psoriasis than in the group of individuals with psoriatic arthritis. Implementation of these parameters into routine laboratory analysis will likely make it possible to estimate the severity of the inflammation and improve its assessment.

Impact of vigorous effort on blood morphological indicators in triathletes participating in the XTERRA Poland 2017 competition

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the influence of participation in the XTERRA Poland 2017 triathlon on blood morphology indicators. Material and methods: The study was performed in a group among 10 triathletes aged 30-40 years. Blood was collected 24 hours before, immediately after , and 16 hours after the competition. Blood morphological indicators were evaluated using the ABXMicros60 analyser. Results: Comparison of the results among the first (24 hours before the competition), second (immediately after the competition), and third assessment (16 hours after the competition) revealed statistically significant changes for WBC [109/l], RBC [1012/l], HGB [g/l], HCT [l/l], MCV [fl] and PLT [109/l]. Conclusions: The intensity of effort in the XTERRA Poland 2017 triathlon competitors was confirmed in the results of blood morphology. Blood counts in those practicing triathlon well characterise the actual scope and direction of exercise changes and allow for the diagnosis of transient adaptive effects. The results of the research confirmed that vigorous physical effort during the triathlon increased leukocyte and platelet counts, but 16 hours after completing the competition, their value was close to baseline level. Most likely, this phenomenon was caused by the intense effort, stress or even eating a large meal before the competition. Analysing the red blood cell system showed a tendency towards decrease in the number of red blood cells, HGB and HCT both after the competition and 16 hours after its completion, which results from increased post-exercise haemolysis or the risk of anaemia.

The effect of biologically active supplements on blood hematological parameters of male rhesus macaques

Как показали многочисленные исследования, морфологический состав крови зависит от многих факторов, в частности таких, как условия кормления и содержания, возраст подопытных объектов. Однако отсутствуют данные о влиянии биологически активных добавок, таких как хлорелла, «Бактистатин», вода со сниженной концентрацией дейтерия, на гематологические показатели. Приматы обладают высоким анатомо-физиологическим сходством с человеком, поэтому являются незаменимой моделью для воспроизведения различных патологических и токсических состояний человека. Приматы вида макака-резус (Macaca mulatta) являются наиболее удобными и востребованными в работе, широко используются в медико-биологических исследованиях. Для корректной оценки воздействия биологически активных добавок (БАД) на организмы приматов необходимы достоверные сведения о функционировании их кроветворной системы. По результатам нашего исследования в начале опыта количество эритроцитов в крови самцов макак-резусов во всех исследуемых группах было незначительно увеличено относительно физиологической нормы (5–6,2 млн в 1 мм3). Эта закономерность может быть связана со значительным увеличением температуры окружающей среды к моменту начала постановки опыта и не связано с влиянием БАД. Подобная закономерность наблюдалась и по остальным показателям. Так, уровень тромбоцитов в начале эксперимента находился в пределах референтных показателей — от 200 до 400 млрд/л, за исключением самцов 2-й опытной группы. В этой группе наблюдалось незначительное увеличение тромбоцитов — на 17,60 млрд/л, или на 4,40% от максимально допустимых значений референтных показателей. Результаты анализов крови в конце эксперимента показали, что у всех самцов макак-резусов в опытных группах в результате применения БАД количество тромбоцитов приблизилось к физиологической норме. На основании чего можно сделать вывод, что применение суспензии хлореллы, сухой хлореллы, «Бактистатина» и воды с пониженным содержанием дейтерия не приводило к критическому отклонению морфологических показателей крови, что, в свою очередь, даёт возможность применять БАД в рационах кормления обезьян. Blood morphology depends on many factors, particularly feeding, welfare and age of animals. The influence of biologically active supplements (BAS) such as chlorella, “Baktistatin”, and deuterium-depleted water on blood hematological parameters remains open to question. Primates are quite similar to humans in anatomy and physiology and hence are perfect model organisms when testing various pathological and toxic processes. Macaca mulatta is commonly used in research. To analyze the effect of BAS on primate organism the blood test is required. In the beginning of the experiment the concentration of red blood cells (RBC) exceeded slightly physiologically normal state in all the groups (5–6.2 million/mm3). This could possibly be a result of hot conditions. Same was true for other parameters. Platelet concentration was normal and varied within 200–400 billion/l in the beginning, except for the males of the second group. The second group showed insignificant increase in platelet concentration — by 17.60 billion/l, or 4.40%. Feeding male rhesus macaques with BAS optimized platelet concentration. Chlorella suspension, dry chlorella, “Baktistatin”, and deuterium-depleted water had no critical influence on blood morphology and, therefore, could be used in primate diet.