Sex Differences in Hierarchical Stability in a Formation of a Mixed-Sex Group of Rhesus Macaques

Forming groups of captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) is a common management practice. New formations of unfamiliar macaques can be costly, with high levels of trauma, particularly as intense aggression is used to establish a dominance hierarchy. Combining previous subgroups into one new group may be beneficial, as some individuals already have established dominance relationships. We tested this hypothesis by forming a new mixed-sex group of rhesus macaques that combined an established group of females with an established group of males. Prior to the mixed-sex group formation, both the female and male hierarchies had been stable for 3 y; after mixed-sex group formation these hierarchies were maintained by the females and were initially maintained by the males for 3 wks. However, the temporary hospitalization (due to a laceration caused by aggression) of the alpha male destabilized the male hierarchy. Age and weight then predicted male rank. Temporary hospitalizations resulted in rank changes for the males, evidenced by reversals in subordination signals. Thisstudy indicates that using established groups of familiar individuals may maintain female hierarchical stability in a mixed-sex group formation, but further research is needed to understand how to maintain and predict male hierarchical stability to reduce trauma. Improved knowledge of hierarchical stability would be invaluable to managers of large rhesus macaque groups and would help improve the welfare of captive rhesus macaques.

The risks of misunderstandings in family discourse

Based on a large dataset of Russian material, the paper presents these general features of the home: a place to spend leisure time containing a long-established group of different ages and sexes free to move about in their environment These factors lead to tension between communicants and a diversity of topics of conversation. Inadequate recipient design is an overarching trigger for misunderstanding caused by the speaker. It derives from poor concentration on interaction and the common ground fallacy, and leads to the frequent use of indirect and elliptical expressions. Inadequate concentration causes the recipient to non-listen and overguess. Finally, misunderstandings occur because of mishearings, misinterpretations and misreferences. Misinterpretation may concern the content, intention or mode of the message.

Fanception and Musical Fan Activity on YouTube

Everyone is a fan of something, whether it be musicians, sports teams, popular culture icons, or social media stars. This chapter adapts a concept from a blockbuster movie called Inception to develop the theory of fanception, a phenomenon in which a person develops their own fandom within an already established group of fans. It provides examples of how fans’ musical user-generated content on the popular video streaming site YouTube contribute to musical learning and virtual communities. YouTube has provided a site for people to create musical Harry Potter puppet shows, one-person a cappella homages to popular commercial artists, and massive virtual choirs organized by contemporary composers. By understanding the practices within fandoms that affect the way people create content through social media, educators may be able to develop curricula and projects that help students create within the classroom, thus equipping them with the skills to be lifelong music makers and content creators.

Prescribing Fewer Opioid Pills to Patients Undergoing Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Prospective Comparative Study

Category: Ankle; Ankle Arthritis; Arthroscopy; Basic Sciences/Biologics; Bunion; Diabetes; Hindfoot; Lesser Toes; Midfoot/Forefoot; Sports; Trauma; Other Introduction/Purpose: This study aims to compare a novel opioid prescribing protocol aimed at reducing the number of opioid pills prescribed and consumed with an established, previously published protocol for foot and ankle surgery. We hypothesized that patients in the novel group would consume fewer opioids and report similar satisfaction with pain management compared with the established group. Methods: This study is a single center prospective study of 59 patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery who received a novel opioid prescribing protocol used by the senior author. Preoperatively, patients were counseled on the expectations of pain after surgery, received a take home pamphlet, and were prescribed opioids based on a sliding scale of procedures designated as minor (0-5 pills), moderate (5-10 pills) or major (15-20 pills). These patients were then compared to 84 patients from a previous prospective study from the same institution who received an opioid prescribing protocol with a maximum of 40-60 opioid pills. Patients were excluded if they used opioids or muscle relaxants preoperatively or had a known history of a substance use disorder. Patients completed surveys postoperatively for eight weeks reporting pain level, number of opioid pills consumed, refill requests, and satisfaction with their pain management plan. Results: There was a significant difference (p< 0.001) in mean pills consumed between the novel and established prescribing protocols at all time points (Table 1). During the entire postoperative period patients in the novel group had taken 21% of their prescribed pills compared to 40% in the established group (p=0.03). Patients had comparable levels of pain throughout the study (p>0.05 at POD 3, POD 7 and POD 14) and only differed significantly at POD 56 (p=0.005). Patients in the novel group did not request any refills, whereas patients in the established group requested a total of 9 refills over the course of the study. Conclusion: Patients receiving fewer opioid medications, along with preoperative coaching and take home materials, achieved equivalent analgesic effect when compared to patients receiving approximately double the amount of opioids. This study demonstrates that a sliding scale protocol with a maximum prescription of 20 opioid pills provides appropriate pain relief for most patients. This study confirms that patients on average take far fewer opioid pills than prescribed, and likely an even more limited prescribing protocol would be adequate for the majority of patients. This novel prescribing protocol ensures less opioids are both consumed and leftover for potential diversion in the community. [Table: see text]

Circular RNAs in Gastric Cancer: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as a recently established group of endogenous noncoding RNAs, have been involved in the occurrence and development of different malignancies. Gastric cancer (GC) remains a globally significant contributor to death in cancer patients due to insufficient early diagnosis, limited treatment measures, and poor prognosis. An increasing number of studies have found that many circRNAs are dysregulated in GC and are closely associated with its tumorigenesis and metastasis. Thus, circRNAs have the potential to serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and even therapeutic targets. This review comprehensively summarizes the most recent findings on how circRNAs influence GC progression and their clinical value. In addition, we present several methological deficiencies in the studies and provide some promising ideas for future research.

A Formula to Honor the Buddha

This chapter establishes the standardization of the wall paintings in terms of painting style, subject matter, and detail, and determine the major social, political, and religious ideas that contributed to the production of the wall paintings and provided a rationale for the standardized format. The murals evince exceptional consistency in choice of subject matter, representation of imagery, and arrangement within an architectural space across the central zone from the late seventeenth to early nineteenth centuries. Each temple contains variations in style, modes of representation, and design, yet all sites draw upon an established group of structures and material so that the differences reveal continuities in subject matter and organization diachronically and synchronically. Although the subject matter of the wall paintings appears to comprise an extensive body of material, the focus upon a specific repertoire for more than a century and the fact that it falls within narrow thematic parameters – the centrality of Gotama, how to worship him, and the power that emanates from spiritual awakening – demonstrates the religious and social constraints placed upon it.

Creating High-performing Innovation Teams

This research suggests a conceptual process of how to create high- performing innovation teams to meet the market’s need of faster ways of conducting innovation work. The CIT -process (Creating high-performing Innovation Teams) is a five-step-process systematically developed to meet organizational-, team-, and individual perspectives. On a holistic level, this research contributes to prior research by bringing research on innovation teams and high-performing teams together to become a pre-stage to established group dynamic processes and innovation processes. Practical implications and future research are suggested.

Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Budidaya Ikan Konsumsi Air Tawar dan Ikan Hias Air Tawar pada Kelompok Mitra Posikandu Kabupaten Bogor

Fisheries is a prominent sector in Bogor District, in line with its vision to be the most advanced district in Indonesia by becoming the biggest producer of both decorative and consumable fish. Total production of consumable fish has reached 112.781 tons and production of decorative fish has reached 242.520.230 seeds. Kelompok Mitra Posikandu is a group of fish breeder which is located in Minapolitan Area, Bogor District. The group was established in August 2016 with 23 members. The newly established group has several potencies to grow and expand, hence need a research to be carrried out. Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) methods were used in this research to analyze both internal and external factors. Alternative strategies for business expansion were explained with Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) method and further analyzed by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).