Abstract::
Schistosomiasis is a waterborne tropical disease caused by infection with parasitic worms of the Schistosoma
genus. This causes significant morbidity in the Middle East, South America, Southeast Asia and, mostly, in sub-Saharan
Africa. For over 30 decades, this disease has been on a gradual rise, claiming thousands of lives and disfiguring its sufferers.
Currently, over 280 000 mortalities per annum are attributed to this disease, with about 207 million reported cases of
infection worldwide. In addition to these overwhelming statistics, infection caused by S. haematobium has been reported to
predispose its sufferers to cancer of the bladder. Bladder cancer is regarded as the most common type of cancer in the
urinary system, with relatively high incidence, progression and mortality rates despite the efforts put into providing optimal
treatment for the disease. Despite the diagnostic and treatment options already put into place, there is still a growing need to
develop alternative strategies to combat these diseases. The high expression levels of a group of molecular chaperones,
known as heat shock proteins, can be used as biomarkers of infection and can consequently play a role in the development
of alternative treatment methods.