Self-determined motivation and physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Physical activity could improve the muscle fitness of youth, but the systematic analysis of physical activity elements and muscle fitness was limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to explore the influence of physical activity elements on muscle fitness in children and adolescents. We analyzed literature in Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, and PubMed databases from January 2000 to September 2020. Only randomized controlled studies with an active control group, which examined at least 1 muscle fitness evaluation index in individuals aged 5–18 years were included. Articles were evaluated using the Jaded scale. Weighted-mean standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using random-effects models. Twenty-one studies and 2267 subjects were included. Physical activity had moderate effects on improving muscle fitness (SMD: 0.58–0.96, p < 0.05). Physical activity element subgroup analysis showed that high-intensity (SMD 0.68–0.99, p < 0.05) physical activity < 3 times/week (SMD 0.68–0.99, p < 0.05), and < 60 min/session (SMD 0.66–0.76, p < 0.01) effectively improved muscle fitness. Resistance training of ≥ 3 sets/session (SMD 0.93–2.90, p < 0.01) and < 10 repetitions/set (SMD 0.93–1.29, p < 0.05) significantly improved muscle fitness. Low-frequency, high-intensity, and short-duration physical activity more effectively improves muscle fitness in children and adolescents. The major limitation of this meta-analysis was the low quality of included studies. The study was registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42020206963 and was funded mainly by the Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science project, China.

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Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Respiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2020-0641 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 219-229

Author(s):

Rodrigo Torres-Castro ◽

Luis Vasconcello-Castillo ◽

Roberto Acosta-Dighero ◽

Nicolás Sepúlveda-Cáceres ◽

Marisol Barros-Poblete ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Slight Reduction ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Background: The literature is unclear as to whether children and adolescents with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) differ from their healthy peers in physical activity (PA). Objective: To determine the PA levels measured through accelerometers in children and adolescents with CRDs. Methods: The authors conducted a systematic review using five databases. The authors included studies that assessed the PA measured by accelerometers in children and adolescents with CRDs. Two independent reviewers analyzed the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of evidence. Results: From 11,497 reports returned by the initial search, 29 articles reporting on 4381 patients were included. In the sensitivity analysis, the authors found that children and adolescents with CRDs had a moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) of −0.08 hours per day (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.12 to −0.03 h/d; P = .001), which was lower than the healthy controls; the values for sedentary time (mean difference −0.47 h/d; 95% CI, −1.29 to 0.36 h/d; P = .27) and steps/d (mean difference 361 steps/d; 95% CI −385 to 1707 steps/d; P = .45) were similar for both. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with CRDs have a slight reduction in MVPA in comparison with healthy controls, but sedentary time and steps/d were similar for both.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to increase physical activity in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research ◽

10.1111/jir.12467 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 312-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. M. McGarty ◽

S. J. Downs ◽

C. A. Melville ◽

L. Harris

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Intellectual Disabilities ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Meta Analysis

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The Effects of Physical Activity and Diet Interventions on Body Mass Index in Latin American Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12051378 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1378

Author(s):

Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf ◽

Paola Fuentes-Merino ◽

Armando Díaz-González ◽

Judith Jiménez-Díaz ◽

Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Mass ◽

Latin American ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Intervention Group ◽

American Children

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the effect of physical activity only with that of physical activity plus diet interventions on body mass index (BMI) in Latin American children and adolescents. We searched the Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo databases from their inception until March 2020, including studies examining the effect of physical activity or physical activity plus diet interventions on BMI in children and adolescents and based on data from intervention studies. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute a pooled standardized mean difference for BMI in terms of effect size (ES) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Eighteen studies were included. Analyses were performed based on intervention (four studies were included for physical activity only and four studies were included for physical activity plus diet). In the analysis of physical activity only versus control, there was no effect on BMI (ES = 0.00; 95% CI −0.17–0.17, I2 = 0.0%; p = 0.443). In the analysis of physical activity plus diet versus control, there was a decrease in BMI in favour of the intervention group (ES = −0.28; 95% CI −0.42–−0.14, I2 = 74.5%; p = 0.001). When ES was estimated considering only the effect in intervention groups, there was no evidence of a decrease in BMI (ES = −0.17; 95% CI −0.44–0.11, I2 = 84.5%; p < 0.001) for physical activity only (eight studies). However, there was a statistically significant decrease in BMI (ES = −0.30; 95% CI −0.50–0.11, I2 = 95.8%; p < 0.001) for physical activity plus diet (ten studies). Some limitations of this review could compromise our results, but the main limitation that should be stated is the quality of the studies (mainly medium/moderate), especially as physical activity and diet interventions cannot be blinded, compromising the quality of these studies. In summary, this meta-analysis offers evidence that physical activity plus diet interventions produced a reduction in BMI in Latin American children and adolescents, but physical activity only interventions did not.

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