scholarly journals The Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) is a pragmatic tool for the safety assessment: Case studies of cosmetic ingredients with low consumer exposure

2021 ◽  
pp. 104964
Author(s):  
Dagmar Bury ◽  
Julia Head ◽  
Detlef Keller ◽  
Martina Klaric ◽  
Jane Rose
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
Threshold Of Toxicological Concern

Critical analysis of the SCCNFP/SCCP safety assessment of cosmetic ingredients (2000–2006)

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 898-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pauwels ◽  
B. Dejaegher ◽  
Y. Vander Heyden ◽  
V. Rogiers
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients

Safety Assessment ofVitis vinifera(Grape)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 48S-83S ◽  
Author(s):  
Monice M. Fiume ◽  
Wilma F. Bergfeld ◽  
Donald V. Belsito ◽  
Ronald A. Hill ◽  
Curtis D. Klaassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
Safety Assessments

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) assessed the safety of 24 Vitis vinifera (grape)-derived ingredients and found them safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics. These ingredients function in cosmetics mostly as skin-conditioning agents, but some function as antioxidants, flavoring agents, and/or colorants. The Panel reviewed the available animal and clinical data to determine the safety of these ingredients. Additionally, some constituents of grapes have been assessed previously for safety as cosmetic ingredients by the Panel, and others are compounds that have been discussed in previous Panel safety assessments.

A Practical Formal Safety Assessment System for the Marine Design Environment

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
pp. 183-293
Author(s):  
C. F. Cain ◽  
R. W. Birmingham ◽  
P. Sen ◽  
R. M. Cripps
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Catastrophic Failure ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment ◽  
Design For Safety

In marine design safety, decisions are based largely on the experience of the designers, expressed in a semi-formal way. Dangers are inherent in this approach, in that there is a possibility of overlooking catastrophic failure scenarios. This paper investigates a procedure dedicated to design for safety and describes its practical application to the marine design process. The developed formal safety assessment system comprises various well established safety assessment methods and statistical techniques, which in combination facilitate a novel, holistic and practical approach in incorporating safety aspects at the initial design stages. The system has been developed in the context of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) rescue vessel design process and was validated using various rescue vessel case studies. The formal safety assessment system and the supporting software written to facilitate its implementation are now being fully used in the development of current RNLI rescue vessel designs.

scholarly journals Guidance on the use of the Threshold of Toxicological Concern approach in food safety assessment

EFSA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Simon J More ◽  
Vasileios Bampidis ◽  
Diane Benford ◽  
Claude Bragard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Threshold Of Toxicological Concern

scholarly journals Contact Allergy to Fragrances: In Vitro Opportunities for Safety Assessment

Cosmetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Corsini ◽  
Valentina Galbiati
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Contact Allergy ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Allergic Contact

The majority of cosmetic products contain fragrances to make products more pleasant to the consumer, as we all like goods that smell nice. Unfortunately, contact allergy to fragrance compounds is among the most frequent findings in patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis. In order to revert this and to reduce contact allergy to cosmetics, it is imperative to improve safety assessment of cosmetic products for skin sensitization. In the era of animal ban for cosmetic ingredients, this represents a challenge. Luckily, in the last decades, substantial progress has been made in the understanding of the mechanism of chemical-induced contact allergy and several in vitro methods are available for hazard identification. The purpose of this manuscript is to explore the possibility of non-animal testing for quantitative risk assessment of fragrance-induced contact allergy, essential for cosmetic products, which cannot be tested on animals.

scholarly journals Final Amended Report on Safety Assessment on Aminomethyl Propanol and Aminomethyl Propanediol

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 141S-161S ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Burnett ◽  
Wilma F. Bergfeld ◽  
Donald V. Belsito ◽  
Curtis D. Klaassen ◽  
James G. Marks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Secondary Amines ◽  
Primary Amines ◽  
Inhalation Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Data ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Dermal Irritation ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
Cosmetic Formulations ◽  
Allergic Contact

Aminomethyl propanol and aminomethyl propanediol are substituted aliphatic alcohols that function as pH adjusters in cosmetic products at concentrations less than 10%; additionally, aminomethyl propanediol is a fragrance. Extensive oral toxicity data are reviewed, with fewer inhalation toxicity data. Dermal toxicity data are presented that demonstrate, for example, that a mascara with 1.92% aminomethyl propanediol does not cause dermal irritation or allergic contact sensitization, suggesting that the maximum reported use concentration of 2% in mascara would be safe. Although these ingredients are primary amines that are not substrates for N-nitrosation, they may contain secondary amines as impurities in finished products that may undergo N-nitrosation. These ingredients should not be included in cosmetic formulations containing N-nitrosating agents. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel concludes that aminomethyl propanol and aminomethyl propanediol are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentrations as described in this safety assessment.

3 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Nonoxynols 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 30, 40, and 50

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 35-60 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Rabbit Eye ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients

Nonoxynols are chemically stable ethoxylated alkylphenols which are chemically foaming and solubilizing agents. Estimates of the acute oral LD50s of nine of the Nonoxynols (-2 to 15) range from 0.62 to 7.4 g/kg in several animal species. Acute dermal toxicity studies in rabbits produced an LD50 range of 1.8 ml/kg to 4.4 g/kg. Skin irritation tests on rabbits indicated that Nonoxynols are nonirritating to moderately irritating. Nonoxynol compounds with short ethoxylated chains are generally severe ocular irritants, whereas long-chained Nonoxynols are only slightly irritating to the rabbit eye. No evidence of carcinogenicity was observed when Nonoxynol-4 and 9 were fed to both dogs and rats. A mutagenicity study of these two compounds by the Ames test was negative. Undiluted Nonoxynol-4 and 9 were nonirritating and nonsensitizing in clinical studies. A 50% solution of Nonoxynol-15 and/or Nonoxynol-50 produced no irritation or sensitization when tested on 168 subjects, nor was there evidence of phototoxicity when tested on a subset of this population. It is concluded that Nonoxynols 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 30, 40, and 50 are safe as cosmetic ingredients.

2 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Fossil and Synthetic Waxes

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-99 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Cosmetic Ingredients ◽  
Toxicological Test

Toxicological test data on Ozokerite, Ceresin, Montan Wax, Paraffin, Microcrystalline Wax, Emulsifying Wax N.F., Synthetic Wax and Synthetic Beeswax are presented. Based on the documented animal and clinical test data, it is concluded that these waxes are safe for use as cosmetic ingredients in the present practices of concentration and use.

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