Predicting pregnancy outcome by the observation of a gestational sac or of early fetal cardiac motion with transvaginal ultrasonography

Ovarian pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, causing a great diagnostic challenge. We report a case of ovarian pregnancy in a 42-year-old woman, in whom MRI successfully demonstrated the implantation in the ovary. Transvaginal ultrasonography showed an echogenic mass in the right ovary but failed to demonstrate tubal pregnancy. T2-weighted MR images disclosed a gestational sac structure in the right ovary, which exhibited heterogeneous high intensity intermingled with punctate foci of distinct low intensity. MRI may be a useful tool for diagnosing ovarian pregnancy, by demonstrating a gestational sac in the ovary.

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Measurement of endometrial and uterine vascularity by transvaginal ultrasonography in predicting pregnancy outcome during frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research ◽

10.1111/jog.12406 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 1661-1667 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jung Bin Son ◽

Ju Eun Jeong ◽

Jong Kil Joo ◽

Yong Jin Na ◽

Chang Woon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Embryo Transfer ◽

Transvaginal Ultrasonography ◽

Frozen Thawed Embryo Transfer ◽

Thawed Embryo Transfer

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Effect of abnormal yolk sac, gestational sac and embryonic heart rate in pregnancy outcome

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20212814 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jyoti Jaiswal ◽

Anand Kumar Jaiswal ◽

Geetanjali Patel ◽

Abha Daharwal

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Embryonic Heart ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Transvaginal Sonography ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Singleton Pregnancy ◽

Gestational Sac

Background: The purpose of the study is to know the effect of abnormal yolk sac, abnormal gestational sac and abnormal embryonic heart rate on outcome of pregnancy in the tertiary care centre of Chhattisgarh.Methods: This prospective observational study included 50 pregnant females between 6-9 weeks gestation with singleton pregnancy attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary medical institution. Transvaginal sonography was carried out to quantify yolk sac characteristics. Abnormal yolk sac was defined according to Nyberg criteria.Results: Out of 50 cases, 25 cases had abnormal yolk sac, 23 cases had abnormal gestational sac and 22 cases had abnormal embryonic heart rate and heart rate was absent in 23 cases. Out of 50 cases, 32 got aborted and rest 18 cases had ongoing pregnancy beyond 20 weeks. Normal yolk sac diameter (YSD) (2-5 mm) showed 72.2% sensitivity, 62.5% specificity, 52% positive predictive value and 80% negative predictive value in predicting pregnancy outcome. Gestational sac diameter had 66.66% sensitivity, 53.12% specificity, 44.44% PPV and 73.91% NPV and for EHR had 22.22% sensitivity, 96.87% specificity, 80% PPV and 68.88% NPV.Conclusions: The embryos with abnormal YSD are highly associated with poor pregnancy outcome with good sensitivity and NPV. Present study indicates that the yolk sac measurement is reliable prognostic factor in predicting 1st trimester pregnancy outcome.

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Mean Sac Diameter Minus Crown Rump Length as a Predector of Early Pregnancy Outcome

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i2031110 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 93-104

Author(s):

Hasnaa M. Mosbah ◽

Mona K. Omar ◽

Manal F. Hemisa ◽

Elsayed F. Rakha

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

P Value ◽

Good Prediction ◽

Crown Rump Length ◽

Gestational Sac ◽

The Difference

Background: Mean sac diameter (MSD) is a sonographic measurement of the gestational sac which is usually first seen at around 5 weeks, when it measures about 2-3 mm, It's the average of measurements taken in three dimensions.Crown rump length (CRL) defined as the length of the embryo or fetus from the top of it's head to bottom of torso, it's the most accurate estimation of gestational age in early pregnancy, it's determined by the average of three measurements of the longest fetal length. Aim of the study Determine efficacy of mean sac diameter minus crown rump length (MSD-CRL) in prediction of early pregnancy outcome. Methods: The study included 80 cases at (6:9) gestational weeks with singletone pregnancy. We examined the case at the initial visit, Mean sac diameter and Crown rump length were calculated for each case. The difference between the MSD and CRL in mm was calculated. Then follow up visit after two weeks later. Pregnancy outcome was then recorded between (11:14w). During transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) we observed location, size, number and regularity of gestational sac. Cardiac pulsation & Presence or absence of sub-chorionic hematoma. Results: 73 cases (91, 3%) continued normal pregnancy and 7 cases (8, 8%) had pregnancy failure. It was found that the age, body mass index, gravidity and history of abortion show insignificant relation with outcome (p >0.05). Area under a curve was 0.984, p Value was <0.001, 95% CI was (0.961 – 1.000), at the cut off value (MSD-CRL) less than or equal 4, the sensitivity was 71.4%, the specificity was 97.2%, PPV was 71.4% and NPV was 97.3%, while at cut off value less than or equal 5, the sensitivity was 100.0%, specificity was 95.89, PPV was 70.0% and NPV was 100.0%. Conclusions: (MSD- CRL) is good prediction for early pregnancy outcome but, the optimum threshold for predicting pregnancy outcome needed to be established by further studies, also bigger sample size will provide more advantage.

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The Clinical Value of 3D Ultrasonic Measurement of the Ratio of Gestational Sac Volume to Embryo Volume in IoT-Based Prediction of Pregnancy Outcome

Journal of Healthcare Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/6421025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yong Wang ◽

Tiantian Li ◽

Lichun Zhang ◽

Jing Li ◽

Bo Zou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Spontaneous Abortion ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Ultrasonic Measurement ◽

Normal Delivery ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Gestational Sac

The objective of the research study is to investigate the use of three-dimensional ultrasonic measurement technology, to determine the size of gestational sac and embryo volume, and to use the ratio of gestational sac volume to embryo volume in IoT-based prediction of pregnancy outcome. The abnormal and normal pregnancy identifiers are there, which assists in prediction of pregnancy outcomes: whether the pregnancy is normal or may suffer pregnancy loss during first trimester. For the observational study, 500 singleton pregnant women who made an appointment for delivery in Qiqihar Hospital from January 2015 to June 2019 were considered. The 500 pregnant women received transvaginal ultrasound at 6+0 ∼ 8+0 weeks of gestational age to measure gestational sac volume (GSV), yolk sac volume (YSV), and germ volume (GV). According to pregnancy outcome, they were divided into fine group (n = 435) and abortion group (n = 65). Among the 500 cases, 435 had normal delivery and 65 had abortions. According to the results of gestational age (GA) analysis, the pregnancy success rates at 6 (n = 268), 7 (n = 184), and 8 weeks (n = 48) were 85.8%, 87.5%, and 91.7%, respectively. Comparison of pregnancy failure rate among the three groups shows statistically significant difference. The morphology of germ, yolk sac, and gestational sac cannot be used as a predictor of pregnancy outcome in various degrees. The results of multivariate Cox proportional regression analysis show the following: the ratio of germ volume (GV) to gestational sac volume (GSV) ( P = 0.008 ) has an impact on the prediction of spontaneous abortion prognosis, showing statistically significant difference; yolk sac volume (YSV), germ volume (GV), and gestational sac volume (GSV) have no effect on the prediction of spontaneous abortion prognosis ( P > 0.05 ). The ratio of GSV to germ volume has a strong prognostic value for pregnancy results. To a certain extent, the ratio of gestational sac volume to germ volume can predict spontaneous pregnancy abortion at 6th week of gestation, providing a theoretical basis for clinical ultrasound pregnancy examination indicators.

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