Molecular Signaling Pathway Governing GPR15 Expression

2017 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. S615
Author(s):  
Bryce Liao ◽  
Linh Nguyen ◽  
Aida Habtezion
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Molecular Signaling Pathway

scholarly journals New Tricks for an Old (Hedge)Hog: Sonic Hedgehog Regulation of Astrocyte Function

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353
Author(s):  
A. Denise R. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Synaptic Organization ◽  
Shh Signaling ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
And Function ◽  
Molecular Signaling Pathway

The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) molecular signaling pathway is well established as a key regulator of neurodevelopment. It regulates diverse cellular behaviors, and its functions vary with respect to cell type, region, and developmental stage, reflecting the incredible pleiotropy of this molecular signaling pathway. Although it is best understood for its roles in development, Shh signaling persists into adulthood and is emerging as an important regulator of astrocyte function. Astrocytes play central roles in a broad array of nervous system functions, including synapse formation and function as well as coordination and orchestration of CNS inflammatory responses in pathological states. Neurons are the source of Shh in the adult, suggesting that Shh signaling mediates neuron–astrocyte communication, a novel role for this multifaceted pathway. Multiple roles for Shh signaling in astrocytes are increasingly being identified, including regulation of astrocyte identity, modulation of synaptic organization, and limitation of inflammation. This review discusses these novel roles for Shh signaling in regulating diverse astrocyte functions in the healthy brain and in pathology.

scholarly journals Raman observation of a molecular signaling pathway of apoptotic cells induced by photothermal therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 10900-10910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingfang Xing ◽  
Zhewei Cai ◽  
Meijuan Xu ◽  
Wenzheng Ju ◽  
Xiaojun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Molecular Signaling Pathway

A molecular signaling pathway of apoptosis induced by photothermal therapy was revealed by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

ROS related enzyme levels and its association to molecular signaling pathway in the development of head and neck cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Elif Sinem Iplik ◽  
Baris Ertugrul ◽  
Gonca Candan ◽  
Saim Pamuk ◽  
Levent Aydemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
Molecular Signaling Pathway

scholarly journals Gene expression of components of the insulin/insulin-like signaling pathway in response to heat stress in the garter snake, Thamnophis elegans

2014 ◽  
Vol 121 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonia S. Schwartz ◽  
Anne M. Bronikowski
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Garter Snake ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Thamnophis Elegans ◽  
Molecular Signaling Pathway ◽  
Normal Laboratory

The insulin/insulin-like signaling (IIS) pathway is an evolutionary conserved molecular signaling pathway that regulates growth, reproduction, stress resistance, and longevity in response to nutrition and external stress. While the constituents of this pathway and their functions are relatively well understood in laboratory model animals, they have not been explored in many other organisms, with notable exceptions in the fisheries literature. We tested for the gene expression of four key components of this pathway in the garter snake (Thamnophis elegans) liver, and determine how the transcription of these components responds to heat stress. We found that the two insulin-like growth factor ligands (IGF-1 and IGF-2) and the receptors (IGF-1 Receptor and M6P/IGF-2 Receptor, or IGF-1R and IGF-2R) are expressed in garter snake liver tissue. Under normal laboratory conditions, IGF-2 and IGF-2R are expressed at a higher level than IGF-1 and IGF-1R. In response to heat stress, IGF-1 expression remained the same, IGF-2 expression decreased, and the expression of both receptors increased. These results demonstrate that elements of the IIS pathway are responsive to heat stress in snakes. Further studies are needed to fully understand the biological consequences of this response.

Can luteolin be a therapeutic molecule for both colon cancer and diabetes?

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi K Ambasta ◽  
Rohan Gupta ◽  
Dhiraj Kumar ◽  
Saurabh Bhattacharya ◽  
Aditi Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
World Health ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Immunofluorescence Analysis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Multiple Signaling

Abstract Diabetes and colon cancer are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. According to World Health Organization, the number of patients with diabetes and cancer is going to be elevated by 50% in 2020. However, several flavonoids have been known to be useful in reducing the chance of cancer/diabetes but the hunt of a single biomolecule that can act as therapeutic and preventive molecules for future epidemic continues. In this review, we aim to perform an illustration of all researches done that target molecular signaling using luteolin in cancer/diabetes and predicted target protein using PharmMapper. The search confirms that luteolin can be a remedial molecule for both cancer and diabetes via acting on variety of signaling pathway. Furthermore, we also intend to illustrate/compare the predicted and verified molecular modes of action of luteolin. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirms the expression of CCND1 in colon cancer while immunofluorescence analysis confirms the CDK4 in diabetes. Finally, an effort has been made to map docking of marker protein-luteolin at a particular site using docking software. This review gives a holistic overview about luteolin as a therapeutic molecule for cancer/diabetes via acting on multiple signaling cascade such as p53, Wnt, eNOS, iNOS, SOD and MMP9, with especial emphasis on the cyclin-CDK pathway. Altogether, the review concludes that luteolin can be a molecule for the therapy of both cancer and diabetes by acting on broad signaling pathway.

scholarly journals pH Signaling in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: Identification of a pacC/RIM1 Homolog

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Rollins ◽  
Martin B. Dickman
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Zinc Finger Domains

ABSTRACT Sclerotinia sclerotiorum acidifies its ambient environment by producing oxalic acid. This production of oxalic acid during plant infection has been implicated as a primary determinant of pathogenicity in this and other phytopathogenic fungi. We found that ambient pH conditions affect multiple processes in S. sclerotiorum. Exposure to increasing alkaline ambient pH increased the oxalic acid accumulation independent of carbon source, sclerotial development was favored by acidic ambient pH conditions but inhibited by neutral ambient pH, and transcripts encoding the endopolygalacturonase gene pg1 accumulated maximally under acidic culture conditions. We cloned a putative transcription factor-encoding gene, pac1, that may participate in a molecular signaling pathway for regulating gene expression in response to ambient pH. The three zinc finger domains of the predicted Pac1 protein are similar in sequence and organization to the zinc finger domains of the A. nidulans pH-responsive transcription factor PacC. The promoter of pac1 contains eight PacC consensus binding sites, suggesting that this gene, like its homologs, is autoregulated. Consistent with this suggestion, the accumulation ofpac1 transcripts paralleled increases in ambient pH. Pac1 was determined to be a functional homolog of PacC by complementation of an A. nidulans pacC-null strain with pac1. Our results suggest that ambient pH is a regulatory cue for processes linked to pathogenicity, development, and virulence and that these processes may be under the molecular regulation of a conserved pH-dependent signaling pathway analogous to that in the nonpathogenic fungus A. nidulans.

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