Apolipoprotein E and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genetic polymorphisms in relation to other risk factors for cardiovascular disease in UK Caucasians and Black South Africans

1999 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Loktionov ◽  
Hester Vorster ◽  
Ian K. O'Neill ◽  
Theo Nell ◽  
Sheila A. Bingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Black South Africans

scholarly journals The emergence of cardiovascular disease during urbanisation of Africans

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1a) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
HH Vorster
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
South African ◽  
African Population ◽  
Published Data ◽  
South African Population ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Black South Africans

AbstractObjective:To review the available data on risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the influence of urbanisation of Africans on these risk factors, and to examine why stroke emerges as a higher risk than ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in the health transition of black South Africans.Design:A review of published data on mortality from and risk factors of CVD in South Africans.Setting:South Africa.Subjects:South African population groups and communities.Methods:The available data on the contribution of stroke and IHD to CVD mortality in South Africa are briefly reviewed, followed by a comparison of published data on the prevalence and/or levels of CVD risk factors in the different South African population groups. The impact of urbanisation of black South Africans on these risk factors is assessed by comparing rural and urban Africans who participated in the Transition and Health during Urbanisation of South Africans (THUSA) study.Results and conclusions: The mortality rates from CVD confirmed that stroke is a major public health problem amongst black South Africans, possibly because of an increase in hypertension, obesity, smoking habit and hyperfibrinogenaemia during various stages of urbanisation. The available data further suggest that black South Africans may be protected against IHD because of favourable serum lipid profiles (low cholesterol and high ratios of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and low homocysteine values. However, increases in total fat and animal protein intake of affluent black South Africans, who can afford Western diets, are associated with increases in body mass indices of men and women and in total serum cholesterol. These exposures may increase IHD risk in the future.

scholarly journals Analysis of risk factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in black South Africans: 2000–2012

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e0196057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mak ◽  
Chantal Babb de Villiers ◽  
Charles Chasela ◽  
Margaret I. Urban ◽  
Anna Kramvis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Black South Africans

scholarly journals Erratum: Effects of tobacco smoking on cancer and cardiovascular disease in urban black South Africans

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 1596-1596
Author(s):  
L Stein ◽  
M I Urban ◽  
M Weber ◽  
P Ruff ◽  
M Hale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Black South Africans

Fibrinogen concentration and its role in CVD risk in black South Africans – effect of urbanisation

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (09) ◽  
pp. 448-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moniek Maat ◽  
Johann Jerling ◽  
Tiny Hoekstra ◽  
Annamarie Kruger ◽  
Marlien Pieters
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Urban Group ◽  
Black South Africans ◽  
Rural Group

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate correlates of fibrinogen concentration in black South Africans, as well as its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and whether urbanisation influences this association. A total of 1,006 rural and 1,004 urban black South Africans from the PURE study were cross-sectionally analysed. The association of fibrinogen with CVD risk was determined by investigating the association of fibrinogen with other CVD risk markers as well as with predicted CVD risk using the Reynolds Risk score. The rural group had a significantly higher fibrinogen concentration than the urban group, despite higher levels of risk factors and increased predicted CVD risk in the urban group. Increased levels of CVD risk factors were, however, still associated with increased fibrinogen concentration. Fibrinogen correlated significantly, but weakly, with overall predicted CVD risk. This correlation was stronger in the urban than in the rural group. Multiple regression analysis showed that a smaller percentage of the variance in fibrinogen is explained by the traditional CVD risk factors in the rural than in the urban group. In conclusion, fibrinogen is weakly associated with CVD risk (predicted overall risk as well with individual risk factors) in black South Africans, and is related to the degree of urbanisation. Increased fibrinogen concentration, in black South Africans, especially in rural areas, is largely unexplained, and likely not strongly correlated with traditional CVD-related lifestyle and pathophysiological processes. This does, however, not exclude the possibility that once increased, the fibrinogen concentration contributes to future development of CVD.

scholarly journals Effects of tobacco smoking on cancer and cardiovascular disease in urban black South Africans

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 1586-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Stein ◽  
M I Urban ◽  
M Weber ◽  
P Ruff ◽  
M Hale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Black South Africans

scholarly journals Does personalised nutrition advice based on apolipoprotein E and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype affect dietary behaviour?

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602110328
Author(s):  
Alexandra King ◽  
Shaghayegh Saifi ◽  
Jenna Smith ◽  
Leta Pilic ◽  
Catherine A-M Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Personalised Nutrition ◽  
Risk Genotype

Background: Dietary intake is linked to numerous modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Current dietary recommendations in the UK to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease are not being met. A genotype-based personalised approach to dietary recommendations may motivate individuals to make positive changes in their dietary behaviour. Aim: To determine the effect of a personalised nutrition intervention, based on apolipoprotein E ( ApoE, rs7412; rs429358) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR, rs1801133) genotype, on reported dietary intake of saturated fat and folate in participants informed of a risk genotype compared to those informed of non-risk genotype. Methods: Baseline data ( n = 99) were collected to determine genotype (non-risk vs risk), dietary intake and cardiovascular risk (Q-Risk®2 cardiovascular risk calculator). Participants were provided with personalised nutrition advice via email based on their ApoE and MTHFR genotype and reported intake of folate and saturated fat. After 10 days, dietary intake data were reported for a second time. Results: Personalised nutrition advice led to favourable dietary changes, irrespective of genotype, in participants who were not meeting dietary recommendations at baseline for saturated fat ( p < 0.001) and folate ( p = 0.002). Only participants who were informed of a risk ApoE genotype met saturated fat recommendations following personalised nutrition advice. Conclusion: Incorporation of genotype-based personalised nutrition advice in a diet behaviour intervention may elicit favourable changes in dietary behaviour in participants informed of a risk genotype. Participants informed of a non-risk genotype also respond to personalised nutrition advice favourably but to a lesser extent.

scholarly journals Plasma fibrinogen of black South Africans: the BRISK study

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
HH Vorster ◽  
JC Jerling ◽  
K Steyn ◽  
CJ Badenhorst ◽  
W Slazus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Cape Peninsula ◽  
Black South Africans ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

AbstractObjective:To describe the distribution of plasma fibrinogen and relationships with other risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in the black population of the Cape Peninsula.Design:A cross-sectional survey of a stratified proportional sample of randomly selected black men and women.Setting:Households in Gugulethu, Langa, Nyanga, New Crossroads, KTC, Old Crossroads and Khayelitsha in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa.Subjects:One subject per household (352 men and 447 women), aged 15–64 years, voluntarily participated. Visitors, pregnant, lactating, ill, mentally retarded and intoxicated subjects were excluded.Results:Mean fibrinogen (thrombin time coagulation method) of men and women were higher than published data for Europeans but slightly lower than values of black Americans. Women aged 45–54 years had the highest level (3.13 ± 0.89g1−1) and men aged 15–24 years had the lowest (2.13 ± 0.88g1−1). Fifteen per cent of the men and 12% of the women had a level greater than 1 standard deviation of the mean for their age group. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed significant (P< 0.05) positive correlations of fibrinogen with smoking habit, age, body mass index (BMI), total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure and white blood cell count, and significant negative correlations with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), serum iron and ferritin. The correlations with BMI, serum lipoproteins, iron, ferritin, and GGT suggest that nutritional status and therefore diet influences plasma fibrinogen.Conclusions:Relatively high fibrinogen levels, tending to cluster with other, including diet-related, risk factors for CHD and stroke, were observed in black South Africans. It is suggested that fibrinogen may contribute to the high stroke incidence of this population group.

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