scholarly journals Glycolipid stage-specific embryonic antigens (SSEA-1) in kidneys of male and female C57BL/6J and beige adult mice.

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1613-1619
Author(s):  
M A Williams ◽  
S K Gross ◽  
J E Evans ◽  
R H McCluer
Keyword(s):  
Male And Female ◽  
Embryonic Antigens ◽  
Adult Mice

Multiple injections of LH-releasing hormone into hypogonadal (hpg) mice induce the appearance of two morphologically distinct populations of gonadotrophs

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Lewis ◽  
A. Megson ◽  
J. F. Morris ◽  
H. M. Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Multiple Injections ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Free Cells ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone

ABSTRACT We have investigated the effects of multiple 2-hourly injections of LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) on the number and size of the gonadotrophs and gonadotroph secretory granules, and the lipid content of gonadotrophs in the pituitary glands of intact and gonadectomized male and female hypogonadal (hpg) mice. Gonadotrophs were identified by immunocytochemistry for LHβ, and the size and secretory status of the gonadotrophs were assessed by quantitative ultrastructural analysis of immunoidentified gonadotrophs. The administration of 60 ng LHRH by subcutaneous injection every 2 h for 15 days resulted in an increase in the number, size and granule content of LHβ-immunoidentified gonadotrophs of hpg mice to values found in normal adult mice. Large lipid droplets accumulated in 30–40% of the gonadotrophs in both male and female LHRH-treated hpg mice. Although lipid-containing gonadotrophs were larger than lipid-free cells in all LHRH-treated groups irrespective of the presence or absence of gonads, a marked difference in the number, position within the cell, and size of the secretory granules between the lipid-containing and lipid-free cells was found only in the pituitary glands of intact LHRH-treated hpg females. These results demonstrate: (a) that the effects of multiple injections of LHRH on the morphology of the gonadotrophs of hpg mice is not dependent on the presence of functioning gonads, although ovarian factors are required for the full development of morphological, and hence possibly functional, heterogeneity in the gonadotroph population in female animals, and (b) that, although multiple injections of LHRH in hpg mice are more effective than single daily injections of LHRH in stimulating pituitary-gonadal function, there is no obvious difference in the morphologically recognizable effects that these two modes of administration have on the pituitary gonadotrophs. J. Endocr. (1986) 111, 483–493

scholarly journals Factors Driving Unique Urination Phenotypes of Male and Female 9-week-old C57BL/6J Mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Ruetten ◽  
Kyle A. Wegner ◽  
Helen L. Zhang ◽  
Peiqing Wang ◽  
Jaskiran Sandhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Voiding Function ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Effective Use

ABSTRACTLaboratory mice are used to identify causes of urinary dysfunction including prostate-related mechanisms of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS). Effective use of mice for this purpose requires a clear understanding of molecular, cellular, anatomical, and endocrine contributions to voiding function. Whether the prostate influences baseline voiding function has not been specifically evaluated, in part because most methods that alter prostate mass also change circulating testosterone concentrations. We performed void spot assay and cystometry to establish a multi-parameter “baseline” of voiding function in intact male and female 9-week-old (adult) C57BL/6J mice. We then compared voiding function in intact male mice to that of castrate males, males (and females) treated with the steroid five alpha reductase inhibitor finasteride, or males harboring alleles (Pbsn4cre/+;R26RDta/+) that significantly reduce prostate lobe mass by depleting prostatic luminal epithelial cells. We evaluated aging-related changes in male urinary voiding. We also treated intact male, castrate male, and female mice with exogenous testosterone to determine the influence of androgen on voiding function. The three methods used to reduce prostate mass (castration, finasteride, Pbsn4cre/+; R26RDta/+) changed voiding function from baseline but in a nonuniform manner. Castration feminized some aspects of male urinary physiology (making them more like intact female) while exogenous testosterone masculinized some aspects of female urinary physiology (making them more like intact male). Our results provide evidence that circulating testosterone is responsible in part for baseline sex differences in C57BL/6J mouse voiding function while prostate lobe mass in young, healthy adult mice has a lesser influence.

Tamoxifen treatment in the neonatal period affects glucose homeostasis in adult mice in a sex-dependent manner

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Estrada-Meza ◽  
Jasmine Videlo ◽  
Clara Bron ◽  
Cécile Saint-Béat ◽  
Marine Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Tamoxifen Treatment ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bone Biology ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Receptor Modulator ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Somatic Mutagenesis

Abstract Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to activate the CRE ERT2 recombinase, allowing tissue-specific and temporal control of the somatic mutagenesis to generate transgenic mice. Studies integrating development and metabolism require a genetic modification induced by a neonatal tamoxifen administration. Here, we investigate the effects of a neonatal tamoxifen administration on energy homeostasis in adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. C57BL/6J male and female mouse pups received a single injection of tamoxifen one day after birth (NTT) and were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet at 6 weeks of age. We measured weight, body composition, glucose and insulin tolerance, basal metabolism and tibia length and weight in adult mice. The neonatal tamoxifen administration exerted long-term, sex-dependent effects on energy homeostasis. NTT female mice became overweight and developed impaired glucose control in comparison to vehicle-treated littermates. NTT females exhibited 60% increased fat mass, increased food intake, decreased physical activity and decreased energy expenditure, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, and fasting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. In contrast, NTT male mice exhibited a modest amelioration of glucose and insulin tolerance, and long-term decreased lean mass linked to decreased bone weight. These results suggest that the neonatal tamoxifen administration exerted a marked and sex-dependent influence on adult energy homeostasis and bone weight, and must therefore be used with caution for the development of transgenic mouse models regarding studies on energy homeostasis and bone biology.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical localization of epidermal growth factor in mouse submandibular gland.

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1027-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Gresik ◽  
T Barka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Component ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Secretion Granules ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

The cellular and subcellular localization of epidermal growth factor in the submandibular glands of male and female adult mice was established by immunoperoxidase techniques. In light microscopic preparations epidermal growth factor was found exclusively in the granular convoluted tubules of the gland. The intensity of staining for epidermal growth factor varied from cell to cell, and some cells apparently were negative. The pattern of staining was similar in the glands of male and female mice; however, the granular convoluted tubules are androgen-responsive, and thus more extensive and composed of larger cells in males. In thin sections epidermal growth factor was most heavily concentrated in the secretion granules of the granular convoluted tubule cells. Within a given cell there was variation in intensity of staining of individual secretion granules, with some granules appearing minimally reactive or negative. The only other cell component with deposits of reaction product was the ribosomes.

Lead in the Water Supply Alters Swimming-Maze Behavior in Adult Mice

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mc Lean ◽  
G. H. Parker ◽  
M. A. Persinger
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Test Block ◽  
Food Regime ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Ad Libitum

After about two weeks of exposure to either 20 ppm or approximately 2000 ppm of lead in the drinking water or tap water only and under an ad libitum or restricted food regime, albino male and female mice ( N = 48) were tested for three consecutive days (3 blocks of 3 trials per day) in a swimming maze. Body weights were not altered by lead treatments significantly. The mice treated with the lead displayed longer escape latencies and more errors than the controls on tap water. Statistically significant interactions of lead treatment by test day by test block were also apparent.

FETAL TESTOSTERONE IN MICE: EFFECT OF GESTATIONAL AGE AND CANNABINOID EXPOSURE

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DALTERIO ◽  
A. BARTKE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Vaginal Plug ◽  
Fetal Mice

The effect of increasing gestational age and maternal exposure to cannabinoids on body weight, ano-genital distance and androgen concentration in fetal mice was examined. Body weight increased in both male and female fetuses from days 16 to 18 (the presence of a vaginal plug was considered to indicate day 1 of pregnancy), while ano-genital distances tended to increase faster in male than in female fetuses. The concentration of testosterone increased with age in fetuses of either sex. However, at day 16, there was a significant influence of fetal sex on testosterone concentration with two non-overlapping distributions, one above and one below 300 pg/g fetal tissue, correlating with male and female gender respectively. After day 16, male fetuses tended to have higher testosterone concentrations, but some values obtained in females did overlap. Treatment of female mice with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive ingredient of marihuana, from days 12 to 16 of pregnancy caused a significant (P < 0·01) increase in fetal deaths in utero. Cannabinol treatment had no effect on this parameter, but reduced body weight (P < 0·02) in female fetuses, and increased ano-genital distance (P < 0·05) in male fetal mice. The concentrations of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were reduced in male but not in female fetuses. The results indicate that exposure to psychoactive or non-psychoactive constituents of marihuana suppresses testosterone levels in fetal as well as in immature and adult mice, as we have previously reported. Thus, maternal exposure to cannabinoids may interfere with the process of sexual differentiation in their male offspring as a result of decreased fetal androgen production.

scholarly journals Membrane progesterone receptor-β, but not -α, in dorsal brain stem establishes sex-specific chemoreflex responses and reduces apnea frequency in adult mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryma Boukari ◽  
Orlane Rossignol ◽  
Cécile Baldy ◽  
François Marcouiller ◽  
Aida Bairam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Membrane Progesterone Receptor

We tested the hypothesis that membrane progesterone receptors (mPR) contribute to respiratory control in adult male and female mice. Mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps for continuous infusion of small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against mPRα, mPRβ, or a control solution in the fourth ventricle (to target brain stem respiratory areas) for 14 days. We then performed respiratory and metabolic recordings by whole body plethysmography at rest and in response to hypoxia (12% O2) or hypercapnia (5% CO2, 5 min each). For each treatment, we have verified with immunohistochemistry that the staining intensity of mPRα or mPRβ in the brain stem is decreased. At rest, the siRNA against mPRα and mPRβ increased respiratory frequency in males only. The siRNA against mPRβ almost tripled the frequency of apneas in male and in female mice, while the siRNA against mPRα had no effect. Regarding respiratory chemoreflex, the siRNA against mPRβ suppressed the response to hypoxia in male and female mice and reduced by ∼50% the response to hypercapnia, while the siRNA against mPRα had more limited effects. Interestingly, control females had higher ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia than males, and these sex-specific effects were suppressed by the siRNA against mPRβ, whereas they were still present after treatment with the siRNA against mPRα. We conclude that mPRβ reduces apnea frequency in male and female mice and establishes sex-specific ventilatory chemoreflex.

scholarly journals Impact of sex, androgens, and prostate size on C57BL/6J mouse urinary physiology: functional assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (4) ◽  
pp. F996-F1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Ruetten ◽  
Kyle A. Wegner ◽  
Helen L. Zhang ◽  
Peiqing Wang ◽  
Jaskiran Sandhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Voiding Function ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Effective Use

Laboratory mice are used to identify causes of urinary dysfunction including prostate-related mechanisms of lower urinary tract symptoms. Effective use of mice for this purpose requires a clear understanding of molecular, cellular, anatomic, and endocrine contributions to voiding function. Whether the prostate influences baseline voiding function has not been specifically evaluated, in part because most methods that alter prostate mass also change circulating testosterone concentrations. We performed void spot assay and cystometry to establish a multiparameter “baseline” of voiding function in intact male and female 9-wk-old (adult) C57BL/6J mice. We then compared voiding function in intact male mice to that of castrated male mice, male (and female) mice treated with the steroid 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride, or male mice harboring alleles ( Pbsn4cre/+; R26RDta/+) that significantly reduce prostate lobe mass by depleting prostatic luminal epithelial cells. We evaluated aging-related changes in male urinary voiding. We also treated intact male, castrate male, and female mice with exogenous testosterone to determine the influence of androgen on voiding function. The three methods used to reduce prostate mass (castration, finasteride, and Pbsn4cre/+; R26RDta/+) changed voiding function from baseline but in a nonuniform manner. Castration feminized some aspects of male urinary physiology (making them more like intact female mice) while exogenous testosterone masculinized some aspects of female urinary physiology (making them more like intact male mice). Our results provide evidence that circulating testosterone is responsible in part for baseline sex differences in C57BL/6J mouse voiding function while prostate lobe mass in young, healthy adult mice has a lesser influence.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PREPUBERTY CASTRATION ON SUBSEQUENT CANCER IMPLANTATION

1925 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Murphy ◽  
Ernest Sturm
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Refractory State ◽  
Early Adult Life ◽  
Subsequent Cancer

Male and female mice castrated during the first 7 weeks of life and implanted with cancer at later periods show a resistance definitely higher than do intact animals of the same age. This increased refractiveness is evident at 3 months after the operation but is more pronounced at 8 months to a year. Even castration in early adult life seems to increase the refractory state to later cancer inoculation. On the other hand, adult mice inoculated within a week after castration show slight if any evidence of increased resistance.

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