Towards the atomic-scale fabrication of a silicon-based solid state quantum computer

Abstract Individual impurity atoms in silicon can make superb individual qubits, but it remains an immense challenge to build a multi-qubit processor: there is a basic conflict between nanometre separation desired for qubit–qubit interactions and the much larger scales that would enable control and addressing in a manufacturable and fault-tolerant architecture. Here we resolve this conflict by establishing the feasibility of surface code quantum computing using solid-state spins, or ‘data qubits’, that are widely separated from one another. We use a second set of ‘probe’ spins that are mechanically separate from the data qubits and move in and out of their proximity. The spin dipole–dipole interactions give rise to phase shifts; measuring a probe’s total phase reveals the collective parity of the data qubits along the probe’s path. Using a protocol that balances the systematic errors due to imperfect device fabrication, our detailed simulations show that substantial misalignments can be handled within fault-tolerant operations. We conclude that this simple ‘orbital probe’ architecture overcomes many of the difficulties facing solid-state quantum computing, while minimising the complexity and offering qubit densities that are several orders of magnitude greater than other systems.

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SILICON-BASED NUCLEAR SPIN QUANTUM COMPUTER

International Journal of Quantum Information ◽

10.1142/s0219749905001225 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 03 (supp01) ◽

pp. 27-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

HSI-SHENG GOAN

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Nuclear Spin ◽

Quantum Computer ◽

Theoretical Progress ◽

Spin Quantum ◽

Basic Physics ◽

Qubit Operations ◽

Silicon Based

We review the basic physics and operation principles of the silicon-based quantum computer proposed by Kane, one of the most promising solid-state quantum computer proposals. We describe in some details how single- and two-qubit operations and readout measurements can, in principle, be performed for the Kane quantum computer. In addition, we also mention briefly its recent theoretical progress and development.

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Construction of a silicon-based solid state quantum computer

Quantum Information and Computation ◽

10.26421/qic1.s-8 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 (Special) ◽

pp. 82-95

Author(s):

A.S. Dzurak ◽

M.Y. Simmons ◽

A.R. Hamilton ◽

R.G. Clark ◽

R. Brenner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Quantum Computer ◽

Atomic Scale ◽

Single Electron Transistor ◽

Epitaxial Silicon ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Near Term ◽

Silicon Based ◽

Coincidence Measurements

We discuss progress towards the fabrication and demonstration of a prototype silicon-based quantum computer. The devices are based on a precise array of 31P dopants embedded in 28Si. Fabrication is being pursued via two complementary pathways – a ‘top-down’ approach for near-term production of few-qubit demonstration devices and a ‘bottom-up’ approach for large-scale qubit arrays. The ‘top-down’ approach employs ion implantation through a multi-layer resist structure which serves to accurately register the donors to metal control gates and single-electron transistor (SET) read-out devices. In contrast the ‘bottom-up’ approach uses STM lithography and epitaxial silicon overgrowth to construct devices at an atomic scale. Techniques for qubit read-out, which utilise coincidence measurements on novel twin-SET devices, are also presented.

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Numerical method for determination of the NMR frequency of the single-qubit operation in a silicon-based solid-state quantum computer

Physical Review B ◽

10.1103/physrevb.74.195309 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 74 (19) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

H. T. Hui

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Numerical Method ◽

Quantum Computer ◽

Single Qubit ◽

Silicon Based ◽

Qubit Operation

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Single Spin Readout for the Silicon-Based Quantum Computer

10.21236/ada471023 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

P. C. Hammel

Keyword(s):

Quantum Computer ◽

Single Spin ◽

Silicon Based

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Electrolytes for advanced lithium ion batteries using silicon-based anodes

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c9ta01876j ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (16) ◽

pp. 9432-9446 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Zhixin Xu ◽

Jun Yang ◽

Hongping Li ◽

Yanna Nuli ◽

Jiulin Wang

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Review Article ◽

Silicon Based

Recent progress in electrolytes from the liquid to the solid state for Si-based anodes is comprehensively summarized in this review article.

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Equilibrium and Kinetic Properties of Minerals

Mineralogical Magazine ◽

10.1180/002646198547909 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 581-583

Author(s):

Simon A. T. Redfern

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Statistical Mechanics ◽

Structural Features ◽

Atomic Scale ◽

Kinetic Properties ◽

Computational Power ◽

Equilibrium Thermodynamics ◽

Bulk Properties ◽

Scale Characteristics ◽

Number Of Publications

How can the equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of minerals be understood from their atomic-scale structural features? How can they be predicted, simply from models for the forces between atoms? Advances in analytical theory, statistical mechanics, experimental solid-state science, computational power, and the sophistication of a mineralogical approach that brings all of these together, means that these questions, once imponderable, are now realistically tractable. These questions have been exercising the minds of mineralogists over the last decade or so, and have motivated many developments in the science. Acting as way-markers along the path, there are a number of publications which have followed from meetings where these questions have been addressed. It is now twelve years since the publication of Microscopic to Macroscopic, an edition of Reviews in Mineralogy (Kieffer and Navrotsky, 1985) that sought to identify the fundamental controls on the bulk properties of minerals in terms of their atomic-scale characteristics.

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