In vitro digestibility of dietary protein sources for white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)

Aquaculture ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 163 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Ezquerra ◽  
F.L. Garcı́a-Carreño ◽  
O. Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Protein Sources

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of some selected under-utilized tropical seeds as protein sources in ruminants’ diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Bode Omotoso ◽  
Mary Oluwafunmilayo Adeduntan ◽  
Adebowale Noah Fajemisin
Keyword(s):  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Monodora Myristica

Abstract Background The study highlighted the potential of three common and under-utilized tropical leguminous seeds (Tomentosa nilotica, Dioclea reflexa and Monodora myristica) to be used as supplementary feed to ruminant livestock. These seeds (their plants inclusive) are valuable sources of food and medicine for the prevention of illness and maintenance of human health. The medicinal properties of these seeds include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immuno-stimulant. Trypsin inhibitors, which are common anti-nutritional factors in legumes and for monogastric animals, do not exert adverse effects in ruminants because they are degraded in the rumen. Hence, the crux of this study is to examine the effect of processing methods on the nutritional composition (proximate, fibre fractions, minerals, anti-nutrients) and in vitro digestibility of Tomentosa nilotica, Dioclea reflexa and Monodora myristica seeds and their suitability as feedstuff (protein sources) in small ruminant feed, particularly during off-season. Results From the results, raw Tomentosa nilotica and Monodora myristica have the highest crude protein (30.35% CP) and fat (22.40% EE), respectively. It is noteworthy that roasting best improve the mineral and significantly reduce the anti-nutrients observed in this study better compared to boiling and soaking methods. The highest organic matter digestibility, short-chain fatty acids, metabolizable energy and in vitro dry matter digestibility values were obtained in Dioclea reflexa compared to other test seeds. Roasting best improved the nutritive values, while Dioclea reflexa seed was rated highest for all the nutritional attributes and in vitro digestibility. Conclusions Dioclea reflexa could be incorporated in ruminants’ diet as protein source, particularly during the off-season, for improved ruminant production in Nigeria. However, in vivo study is therefore recommended to validate this report.

scholarly journals Prebiotic Supplementation ofIn VitroFecal Fermentations Inhibits Proteolysis by Gut Bacteria, and Host Diet Shapes Gut Bacterial Metabolism and Response to Intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuedan Wang ◽  
Glenn R. Gibson ◽  
Adele Costabile ◽  
Manuela Sailer ◽  
Stephan Theis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACTMetabolism of protein by gut bacteria is potentially detrimental due to the production of toxic metabolites, such as ammonia, amines,p-cresol, and indole. The consumption of prebiotic carbohydrates results in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the microbiota that may confer benefits to host well-being and health. Here, we have studied the impact of prebiotics on proteolysis within the gutin vitro. Anaerobic stirred batch cultures were inoculated with feces from omnivores (n = 3) and vegetarians (n = 3) and four protein sources (casein, meat, mycoprotein, and soy protein) with and without supplementation by an oligofructose-enriched inulin. Bacterial counts and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), ammonia, phenol, indole, andp-cresol were monitored during fermentation. Addition of the fructan prebiotic Synergy1 increased levels of bifidobacteria (P = 0.000019 and 0.000013 for omnivores and vegetarians, respectively). Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) were significantly lower in fermenters with vegetarians’ feces (P = 0.004), reduced further by prebiotic treatment. Ammonia production was lower with Synergy1. Bacterial adaptation to different dietary protein sources was observed through different patterns of ammonia production between vegetarians and omnivores. In volunteer samples with high baseline levels of phenol, indole,p-cresol, and skatole, Synergy1 fermentation led to a reduction of these compounds.IMPORTANCEDietary protein intake is high in Western populations, which could result in potentially harmful metabolites in the gut from proteolysis. In anin vitrofermentation model, the addition of prebiotics reduced the negative consequences of high protein levels. Supplementation with a prebiotic resulted in a reduction of proteolytic metabolites in the model. A difference was seen in protein fermentation between omnivore and vegetarian gut microbiotas: bacteria from vegetarian donors grew more on soy and Quorn than on meat and casein, with reduced ammonia production. Bacteria from vegetarian donors produced less branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA).

scholarly journals Influence of lipid extraction from different protein sources on in vitro digestibility

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita de Cássia Oliveira Sant'Ana ◽  
Fabrícia Queiroz Mendes ◽  
Christiano Vieira Pires ◽  
Maria Goreti de Almeida Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Soy Protein ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
The Body ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Vegetable Proteins

Proteins are the most abundant macromolecules in living cells and their primary role in the diet is to supply the body with essential amino acids in adequate quantities for the synthesis and maintenance of body tissues. The determination of protein digestibility of foods is an important factor to estimate their quality and the in vitro methodology is a fast and easy way to perform it. This study aimed to determine the influence of lipids on the in vitro digestibility of animal and vegetable proteins. The following protein sources: oat, beef, chicken, fish and pork meats, red beans, milk powder, textured soy protein (TSP), quinoa and five soybean varieties were evaluated. Animal proteins presented higher in vitro values than vegetable proteins, except for the textured soy protein, which presented higher digestibility based on the thermal treatment. In this study, there was no statistic difference between lipid content and protein digestibility. Therefore, there is no need that samples be defatted prior the analysis of the in vitro digestibility, using an enzymatic system containing the enzymes trypsin and pancreatin, which facilitates even more the use of these methods for foods with high lipid levels in food industries.

scholarly journals Potential of Insect Meals as Protein Sources for Meat-Type Ducks Based on In Vitro Digestibility

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attawit Kovitvadhi ◽  
Pipatpong Chundang ◽  
Karun Thongprajukaew ◽  
Chanin Tirawattanawanich ◽  
Sunyanee Srikachar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
House Fly ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Mulberry Silkworm ◽  
Mealworm Larvae ◽  
Wax Moth

There has been a dramatic increase in duck meat consumption. As a result, ducks are an interesting alternative type of livestock. Animal-based proteins such as fishmeal and animal by-products are valuable nutrients with high digestibility, but they are associated with cost fluctuations, pathogen contamination, and environmental impacts. Therefore, plant-based proteins are used, but they have the disadvantages of inappropriate amino acid profiles, anti-nutritional factors, and mycotoxin contamination. Insect meal contains favorable nutrients and low production costs and is environmentally friendly; however, there is a large number of insect species. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation is to screen insects for their potential use as a protein source in the duck diet. Insect meal with a high proportion of low-digestible components was shown to have low digestibility. Yellow mealworm larvae, giant mealworm larvae, lesser wax moth larvae, house fly larvae, mulberry silkworm pupae, and American cockroach nymph have the potential to be alternative protein sources for ducks. Insect meal has been widely studied and is used in animal nutrition to replace common protein sources that have several disadvantages and to promote sustainability in animal production. Two-step in vitro digestibility using crude enzyme extracts from digestive tracts of meat-type ducks (Cherry Valley) was performed on general protein sources and insect meals to compare the in vitro digestibility of organic matter (OMd) and crude protein (CPd). Variation in chemical components between different types of insect meal was found. A positive correlation was found between OMd and the ether extract composition in insect meal, whereas a negative correlation was shown between crude fiber and acid detergent fiber. Contrasting relationships were found between CPd and crude fiber and acid detergent fiber in insect meal. In conclusion, the yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor), giant mealworm larvae (Zophobas morio), lesser wax moth larvae (Achroia grisella), house fly larvae (Musca domestica), mulberry silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori), and American cockroach nymph (Periplaneta americana) are potential protein sources for ducks based on OMd and CPd digestibility after screening with an in vitro digestibility technique.

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