[4] Calculation of partial specific volumes of proteins in 8 M urea solution

In agricultural production, nitrogen loss leads to economic loss and is a high environmental risk affecting plant growth, yield, and quality. Use of the N fertilizer with a urease inhibitor is thus necessary to minimize N losses and increase the efficiency of N. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of N-(n-butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT) on the growth, yield, and quality of pineapple. The experiment involved two foliar fertilizer treatments: 1% (w/v) urea solution with NBPT (2.25 mL kg−1 urea) was treated as NLU (NBPT Liquid Urea), and the same concentration of urea without NBPT served as the control. Both were applied 12 times, starting 1 month after planting (MAP) and continuing once a month for 12 months. The application of urea with NBPT notably increased the above-ground dry biomass per plant (20% and 10% at 8 and 12 MAP, respectively), leaf area per plant (23% and 15% at 8 and 12 MAP, respectively), N accumulation per plant (10%), PFPN (Partial Factor Productivity) (13%), and average fruit weight (15%) compared to the treatment with urea alone (control). The analysis of quality parameters indicated that urea with NBPT improves TSS (Total Soluble Solids) (19%), ascorbic acid (10%), and sucrose (14%) but reduces the total organic acid content (21%) in pineapple. When using urea with a urease inhibitor (NBPT), there was a significant improvement in growth, yield, quality, and nitrogen use efficiency, with the additional benefit of reduced nitrogen losses, in combination with easy handling. Hence, urea with a urease inhibitor can be used as a viable alternative for increasing pineapple yield by boosting growth with better fruit quality.

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Brain atrophy and clinical characteristics predicting SDMT performance in multiple sclerosis: A 10-year follow-up study

Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental Translational and Clinical ◽

10.1177/2055217321992394 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 205521732199239

Author(s):

Cecilie Jacobsen ◽

Robert Zivadinov ◽

Kjell-Morten Myhr ◽

Turi O Dalaker ◽

Ingvild Dalen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Data ◽

Grey Matter Volume ◽

Lesion Volume ◽

Information Processing Speed ◽

Disability Status ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Patients At Risk ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Specific Volumes

Objectives To identify Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), clinical and demographic biomarkers predictive of worsening information processing speed (IPS) as measured by Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Methods Demographic, clinical data and 1.5 T MRI scans were collected in 76 patients at time of inclusion, and after 5 and 10 years. Global and tissue-specific volumes were calculated at each time point. For the primary outcome of analysis, SDMT was used. Results Worsening SDMT at 5-year follow-up was predicted by baseline age, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), SDMT, whole brain volume (WBV) and T2 lesion volume (LV), explaining 30.2% of the variance of SDMT. At 10-year follow-up, age, EDSS, grey matter volume (GMV) and T1 LV explained 39.4% of the variance of SDMT change. Conclusion This longitudinal study shows that baseline MRI-markers, demographic and clinical data can help predict worsening IPS. Identification of patients at risk of IPS decline is of importance as follow-up, treatment and rehabilitation can be optimized.

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A Rational Equation of State for Water and Water Vapor in the Critical Region

Journal of Heat Transfer ◽

10.1115/1.3688683 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 320-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. S. Nowak

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Equation Of State ◽

Thermodynamic Properties ◽

Specific Heat ◽

Critical Point ◽

Critical Region ◽

Constant Pressure ◽

Parametric Equation ◽

Enthalpy And Entropy ◽

Specific Volumes

A parametric equation of state was derived for water and water vapor in the critical region from experimental P-V-T data. It is valid in that part of the critical region encompassed by pressures from 3000 to 4000 psia, specific volumes from 0.0400 to 0.1100 ft3/lb, and temperatures from 698 to 752 deg F. The equation of state satisfies all of the known conditions at the critical point. It also satisfies the conditions along certain of the boundaries which probably separate “supercritical liquid” from “supercritical vapor.” The equation of state, though quite simple in form, is probably superior to any equation heretofore derived for water and water vapor in the critical region. Specifically, the deviations between the measured and computed values of pressure in the large majority of the cases were within three parts in one thousand. This coincides approximately with the overall uncertainty in P-V-T measurements. In view of these factors, the author recommends that the equation be used to derive values for such thermodynamic properties as specific heat at constant pressure, enthalpy, and entropy in the critical region.

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Sputtering pressure dependence of hydrogen-sensing effect of palladium films

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2009.0238 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1919-1927 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Chung Wo Ong ◽

Yu Ming Tang

Keyword(s):

Electrical Resistivity ◽

Magnetron Sputtering ◽

Mean Free Path ◽

Induced Response ◽

Resistivity Ratio ◽

Hydrogen Sensing ◽

The Mean ◽

Sputtering Pressure ◽

Specific Volumes ◽

Hydride Phases

The electrical resistivity ρ of palladium (Pd) films prepared by using magnetron sputtering at different pressures φ ranging from 2 to 15 mTorr showed very different hydrogen (H)-induced response. This reaction is because the mean free path of the particles in vacuum changes substantially with φ, such that the structure of the deposits is altered accordingly. A film prepared at a moderate φ value of 6 mTorr has a moderate strength. After a few hydrogenation-dehydrogenation cycles, some cracks are generated because of the great difference in the specific volumes of the metal and hydride phases. Breathing of the cracks in subsequent switching cycles occurred, which led to the response gain of ρ, defined as the resistivity ratio of the dehydrogenated-to-hydrogenated states during a cycle, to increase to 17. This result demonstrates the attractiveness of using the Pd films in H2 detection application. The H-induced resistive response of the films prepared at other φ values was found to be much smaller.

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Cellulase Hydrolysis of Rice Straw and Inactivation of Endoglucanase in Urea Solution

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf203712n ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (20) ◽

pp. 10971-10975 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yi-Ming Tao ◽

Xin-Qi Xu ◽

Su-Juan Ma ◽

Ge Liang ◽

Xiao-Bing Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Straw ◽

Urea Solution ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Cellulase Hydrolysis

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Antigen retrieval technique utilizing citrate buffer or urea solution for immunohistochemical demonstration of androgen receptor in formalin-fixed paraffin sections.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/41.11.7691930 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 41 (11) ◽

pp. 1599-1604 ◽

Cited By ~ 197

Author(s):

S R Shi ◽

B Chaiwun ◽

L Young ◽

R J Cote ◽

C R Taylor

Keyword(s):

Androgen Receptor ◽

Enzymatic Digestion ◽

Antigen Retrieval ◽

Urea Solution ◽

Paraffin Sections ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Citrate Buffer ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽

Formalin Fixed

We developed a staining protocol for demonstration of androgen receptor (AR) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The method is based on the antigen retrieval microwave (MW) heating technique. Results are compared with different types of enzyme digestion pre-treatments. The strongest immunostaining signal and clearest background were obtained by MW heating of dewaxed paraffin sections in 5% urea or citrate buffer solution (pH 6); pure distilled water gave less consistent results. Enzymatic digestion with pepsin (0.05% in 2 N HCl) for 30 min at room temperature, or trypsin followed by pronase, or pronase digestion alone, also produced enhanced staining of AR in some cases, but there was more nonspecific background, and specific reactivity was less intense. The antigen retrieval MW method can be used to demonstrate AR epitope in prostate tissue after fixation in formalin for as long as 7 days. AR immunolocalization was also compared in frozen and paraffin sections processed from the same specimen of prostate carcinoma tissue and was found to be qualitatively and quantitatively similar. This study also provided new information concerning the basic principles of the antigen retrieval MW method that may be helpful in further development of this technique.

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